Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Animismo

 Nota: Se procura o conceito espírita, veja Animismo (espiritismo).
Lugar sagrado em uma vila de Santhal no distrito de Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

O animismo (do termo latino animus, "alma, vida")[1] é a cosmovisão em que entidades não humanas (animais, plantas, objetos inanimados ou fenômenos) possuem uma essência espiritual.[2][3][4]

O animismo é usado na antropologia da religião como um termo para o sistema de crenças de alguns povos indígenas,[5] especialmente antes do desenvolvimento de religiões organizadas.[6] Apesar de cada cultura ter suas próprias mitologias e rituais diferentes, "animismo" é um termo usado para descrever o segmento mais comum e fundacional das perspectivas espirituais ou sobrenaturais dos povos indígenas. A perspectiva animística é tão fundamental, mundana e diária que os povos indígenas mais animistas nem sequer têm uma palavra em seus idiomas que corresponda a "animismo" (ou mesmo a "religião");[7] o termo é uma construção antropológica, e não uma designação dada pelos próprios povos.

Em grande parte devido a essas discrepâncias etnolinguísticas e culturais, existe um debate sobre se o animismo refere-se a uma ampla crença religiosa ou a uma religião de pleno direito. A definição atualmente aceita de animismo só foi desenvolvida no final do século XIX por sir Edward Tylor, que criou-a como "um dos primeiros conceitos da antropologia, se não o primeiro".[8]

O animismo abrange a crença de que não há separação entre o mundo espiritual e o mundo físico (ou material), e de que existem almas ou espíritos, não só em seres humanos, mas também em animais, plantas, rochas, características geográficas (como montanhas ou rios) ou em outras entidades do meio ambiente natural, como o trovão, o vento, a cachoeira e as sombras. O animismo rejeita, assim, o dualismo cartesiano. Exemplos de animismo podem ser encontrados no xintoísmo, na religião serer, no hinduísmo, no budismo, na cientologia, no jainismo, paganismo, e neopaganismo. Alguns membros do mundo não tribal também se consideram animistas (como o autor Daniel Quinn, o escultor Lawson Oyekan, e muitos neopagãos).[9]

No animismo, os rituais são realizados para manter as relações entre humanos e espíritos. Os povos indígenas costumam realizar esses rituais para apaziguar os espíritos e solicitar sua ajuda durante atividades como caça e cura. Na região do Ártico, certos rituais são comuns antes da caça como forma de mostrar respeito pelos espíritos dos animais.[10]

O termo aparece em novas discussões nas artes. Nas literaturas africanas lusófonas, francófonas, anglófonas, entre outras, o que outrora era chamado de realismo mágico ou realismo fantástico, é hoje, reconhecido como realismo animista.[11]

Ver também

Referências

  1. Segal, p. 14.
  2. Stringer, Martin D. (1999). «Rethinking Animism: Thoughts from the Infancy of our Discipline». Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 5 (4): 541–56. doi:10.2307/2661147 
  3. Hornborg, Alf (2006). «Animism, fetishism, and objectivism as strategies for knowing (or not knowing) the world». Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology. 71 (1): 21–32. doi:10.1080/00141840600603129 
  4. Haught, John F. What Is Religion?: An Introduction. [S.l.]: Paulist Press. p. 19 
  5. Hicks, David (2010). Ritual and Belief: Readings in the Anthropology of Religion 3 ed. [S.l.]: Rowman Altamira. p. 359. Tylor's notion of animism—for him the first religion—included the assumption that early Homo sapiens had invested animals and plants with souls ... 
  6. «Animism». Contributed by Helen James; coordinated by Dr. Elliott Shaw with assistance from Ian Favell. ELMAR Project (University of Cumbria). 1998–99 
  7. «Native American Religious and Cultural Freedom: An Introductory Essay». The Pluralism Project. President and Fellows of Harvard College and Diana Eck. 2005 
  8. Bird-David, Nurit (1999). «"Animism" Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology». Current Anthropology. 40 (S1): S67. doi:10.1086/200061 
  9. Harvey, Graham (2006). Animism: Respecting the Living World. [S.l.]: Columbia University Press. p. 9 
  10. Koto, Koray (5 de abril de 2023). «Animismo em contextos antropológicos e psicológicos». ULUKAYIN Português. Consultado em 8 de abril de 2023 
  11. Paradiso, Silvio Ruiz (2015). «Religiosidade na Literatura Africana: A Estética do Realismo Anmista» (PDF). Revista Estação Literária. Londrina, Volume 13, p. 268-281, jan. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2015 

Ligações externas

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre religião é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Read other articles:

Infanterie-Regiment „Herwarth von Bittenfeld“ (1. Westfälisches) Nr. 13 Siegelmarke des Regiments Aktiv 1. Juni 1813 bis 1919 Staat Preußen Streitkräfte Preußische Armee Truppengattung Infanterie Unterstellung VII. Armee-Korps Standort Münster Spitzname Dreizehner Das Infanterie-Regiment „Herwarth von Bittenfeld“ (1. Westfälisches) Nr. 13 war ein Infanterieverband der Preußischen Armee. Das Regiment wurde 1813 in Ostpreußen gebildet, dann 1817 in die Provinz Westfalen v…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Bartine Burkett ZaneBartine Burkett di The High Sign (1921)Lahir(1898-02-09)9 Februari 1898Robeline, Louisiana, A.S.Meninggal20 Mei 1994(1994-05-20) (umur 96)Burbank, California, A.S.PekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif1917–1983Suami/istriRalph Zane (1…

River in Wales For the river in New Zealand, see Cleddau River. River CleddauThe Western Cleddau in Haverfordwest Town CentreNative nameAfon Cleddau (Welsh)LocationCountryWalesCountyPembrokeshirePhysical characteristicsSourcePreseli Hills MouthIrish Sea The Western Cleddau at Haverfordwest The River Cleddau (Welsh: Afon Cleddau) consists of the Eastern and Western Cleddau rivers in Pembrokeshire, west Wales. They unite to form the Daugleddau estuary and the important harbour of Milford…

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2015) يوناس ووهلفارث-بوتيرمان (بالألمانية: Jonas Wohlfarth-Bottermann)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 20 فبراير 1990 (العمر 34 سنة)بون الطول 6 قدم 10 بوصة (2.1 م) مركز اللعب وسط الجنس…

Bae Soo-binBae Soo-bin pada Desember 2018LahirYoon Tae WookPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif2004—sekarang Nama KoreaHangul윤태욱 Hanja尹泰旭 Alih AksaraYun Tae-ukMcCune–ReischauerYun T'aeukNama panggungHangul배수빈 Hanja裴秀彬 Alih AksaraBae Su-binMcCune–ReischauerPae Subin Bae Soo-bin (lahir Yoon Tae-wook lahir 9 Desember 1976) adalah pemeran Korea Selatan.[1][2][3] Ia paling dikenal untuk perannya dalam drama televisi Brilliant Legacy, Temptation of an An…

Place in Pennsylvania, United StatesHaverford, PennsylvaniaHaverford post office and Haverford Square shopping centerHaverford, PennsylvaniaLocation of Haverford in PennsylvaniaShow map of PennsylvaniaHaverford, PennsylvaniaHaverford, Pennsylvania (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 40°00′47″N 75°17′40″W / 40.01306°N 75.29444°W / 40.01306; -75.29444CountryUnited StatesStatePennsylvaniaCountiesDelaware/MontgomeryTownshipsHaverford/Lower…

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: IPhone 12 Pro – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR iPhone 12 ProiPhone 12 Pro MaxiPhone 12 Pro in GoldMerekApple Inc.PembuatFoxconn (on contract)Seri14thJaringanGSM, CDMA, 3G, EVDO, HSPA+, 4G…

Football match1993 Afro-Asian Cup of NationsThe old Tokyo National Stadiumhosted the final Japan Ivory Coast 1 0 After extra timeDate4 October 1993VenueTokyo National Stadium, TokyoRefereeWei Jihong (China)Attendance53,302← 1991 1995 → The 1993 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations was the fifth edition of the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations, it was contested between Japan, winners of the 1992 Asian Cup, and Ivory Coast, winners of the 1992 Africa Cup of Nations. The match was played in one leg in Tok…

Схема Кёппена для Канады Основными факторами канадского климата являются протяжённость по широте (от параллели 35° с. ш. до 40° с. ш.), препятствование Скалистыми горами распространению западных океанических ветров, протяжённость континентальных территорий на относит…

This page is an archive of past discussions. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. Possession spillage I'd like to debate the deletion of the possession spillage article. It was relevant, referenced and improved the understanding of a linked article. Please restore it. Bermudanights (talk) 13:50, 31 December 2009 (UTC) Restored. I've tagged it for refimprove, as the PRODding editor had expressed c…

Reruntuhan tembok Benteng Toboali yang menghadap laut Benteng Toboali adalah benteng peninggalan pada masa penjajahan belanda yang terletak di kota Toboali, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung. Letaknya dekat Polsek Toboali tepat di belakang kantor Polsek. Benteng ini berfungsi untuk melindungi pertambangan timah dari serangan dari arah laut. Kemudian beralih ke penguasaan Jepang pada tahun 1943 hingga 1945 Arsitektur benteng Toboali di sisi kiri terdapat bangunan yang t…

2019 real-time strategy video game 2019 video gameAge of Empires II: Definitive EditionDeveloper(s)Forgotten Empires[a]Publisher(s)Xbox Game StudiosDirector(s)Adam IsgreenComposer(s)Todd MastenSeriesAge of EmpiresPlatform(s)WindowsXbox OneXbox Series X/SReleaseWindowsNovember 14, 2019Xbox One, Series X/SJanuary 31, 2023Genre(s)Real-time strategyMode(s)Single-player, multiplayer Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition is a 2019 real-time strategy video game developed by Forgotten Empires an…

CST-100 StarlinerVéhicule spatial avec équipage Une vue d'artiste de l'amarrage du véhicule spatial CST-100 Starliner à la Station spatiale internationale.Fiche d'identité Organisation NASA Constructeur Boeing Type de vaisseau Capsule habitée Lanceur Atlas V N22 Base de lancement Cap Canaveral, LC-41 Premier vol 20 décembre 2019(sans équipage) Dernier vol 19-25 mai 2022(sans équipage) Nombre de vols 2 Statut En développement Caractéristiques Hauteur 5,0 m Masse à sec 6 350&…

2 Korintus 12Folio dari Papirus 46 (ditulis ~ tahun 200 M), memuat 2 Korintus 11:33-12:9. Naskah tersebut memuat hampir semua Surat-surat Paulus.KitabSurat 2 KorintusKategoriSurat-surat PaulusBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian BaruUrutan dalamKitab Kristen8← pasal 11 pasal 13 → 2 Korintus 12 (atau II Korintus 12, disingkat 2Kor 12) adalah bagian dari surat rasul Paulus yang kedua kepada jemaat di Korintus dalam Perjanjian Baru di Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Dikarang oleh ras…

Emir Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab dan AbdallahBerkas:Tintin kalishezab abdullah.JPGEmir Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab dan Abdallah, karya dari HergéInformasi UmumPenerbit Casterman Indira, GramediaMuncul pertama kali diLe Petit Vingtième (Di Negeri Emas Hitam)PenciptaHergéInformasi tentangnya dalam ceritaNama lainnya(Prancis)Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab et AbdallahKarakterEmir Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab adalah seorang emir yang sangat mencintai putranyaAbdallah adalah seorang anak yang sangat badung dan sel…

Radio documentaries on 1940s–60s popular music The Pop ChroniclesThe 'Pop Chronicles' Team c. 1970.[1] From left to right are John Gilliland, Mike Dorrough, Sie Holliday, Chester Coleman, and Thom Beck.Home stationKRLASyndicatesHot Air, Armed Forces RadioCreated byJohn Gilliland[2]Produced byChester ColemanNarrated byJohn Gilliland, Sie Holliday, Thom BeckOriginal release1969 –c. 1970No. of episodes55Other themesThe Chronicles of Pop by Len ChandlerWebsitedig…

Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura Acrónimo EINAForma parte de Universidad de ZaragozaFundación 2011LocalizaciónDirección ZaragozaCoordenadas 41°41′01″N 0°53′17″O / 41.683712, -0.8881407AdministraciónDirector Dr. D. José Antonio Yagüe FabraSitio web https://eina.unizar.es/[editar datos en Wikidata] Fachada del edificio Torres Quevedo, antes de su reforma. Entrada al Edificio Ada Byron La Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura de la Universidad de Zara…

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议,译文需在编辑摘要注明来源,或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌:《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁地…

أحمد مرتضى المراغي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 14 يونيو 1910   مركز المراغة[1]  تاريخ الوفاة 28 يناير 1991 (80 سنة)   مواطنة مصر  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   يعتبر أحمد مرتضى المراغي أحد أهم رجال العصر الملكي المصري، حيث تبوأ مكانة سياسية بارزة في أواخر عصر ما قبل انقلاب 23 يوليو 1952. …

Dalmacio Langarica LizasoainNazionalità Spagna Ciclismo SpecialitàStrada Termine carriera1955 - ciclista1972 - direttore sportivo CarrieraSquadre di club 1943Individuale1944-1945Gallastegui1946Galindo-Tabay1947Insecticidas Z.Z.Dalton Auto1948Insecticidas Z.Z.Casas Galindos1949 Peugeot1950Academico1951Paloma-Duralca Splendid1952 TorpadoFutbol de Sobremesa Splendid1953Individuale1954 FeruDuralca1955Mariotas Nazionale 1949-1954 Spagna Carriera da allenatore 1957CIL-I…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya