Chunusi

Chunusi
Mwainisho na taarifa za nje
Kundi Maalumu	Dermatology, family medicine
ICD-10	L70.0
ICD-9	706.1
DiseasesDB	10765
MedlinePlus	000873
eMedicine	derm/2
MeSH	D000152

Chunusi (kutoka kitenzi "chunuka"; kwa Kilatini na Kiingereza: acne vulgaris) ni hali ya muda mrefu ya ngozi inayodhihirika kwa madoa meusi, madoa meupe, ngozi yenye mafuta na wakati mwingine kovu.^[1][2]

Sura ya mtu baada ya kupata chunusi inaweza kumsababishia wasiwasi, kiwango cha chini cha kujithamini na katika visa vikali zaidi fadhaiko au hata mawazo ya kujiua.^[3][4]

Jina la Kiswahili linadokeza imani ya kale ya kwamba chunusi ilitokana na kijana kutunukwa (kutokea kupendwa) na mwingine. Kumbe maelezo ya sayansi ni kama ifuatavyo.

Jeni zinakadiriwa kusababisha asilimia 80 za visa hivyo.^[2] Si dhahiri kama lishe husababisha hali hii.^[2] Hakuna ushahidi wa manufaa ya usafi wala miale ya jua.^[2]

Hata hivyo uvutaji sigara huongeza hatari ya kupata chunusi na kuzidisha ukali wake.^[5]

Chunusi mara nyingi huathiri ngozi na idadi kubwa ya tezi za mafuta ikijumuisha uso, sehemu ya juu ya kifua na mgongo.^[6]

Wakati wa kubalehe kwa jinsia zote mbili, chunusi mara nyingi husababishwa na ongezeko la androjeni kama vile testosteroni.^[7]

Kuna njia nyingi za matibabu za kupunguza chunusi zikijumuisha kubadili hali ya maisha, taratibu na dawa. Kula kabohidrati chache na zinazomeng’enywa kwa urahisi, kama vile sukari, kunaweza kusaidia.^[8]

Benzoyl peroxide, asidi ya salicili, na asidi ya azela ya kupaka ni dawa zinazotumika mara nyingi.^[9] Antibiotiki na retinoidi za kupaka na za kumeza hutumika kutibu chunusi.^[9] Hata hivyo, ukinzani dhidi ya antibiotiki unaweza kutokea.^[10]

Vidonge vya kudhibiti uzazi vinaweza kuwa bora kwa wanawake.^[9] Isotretinoin ya kumeza kwa kawaida hutumika kwa chunusi kali kwa sababu ya uwezekano wa athari kali.^[9]

Matibabu ya mapema na hima hupendekezwa na baadhi ya watu ili kupunguza athari jumla za muda mrefu.^[4] Pia limau na asali ni dawa nzuri kwa kutoa chunusi na madoa meusi ^[11].

Chunusi mara nyingi hutokea katika ubalehe huku ikiathiri takriban asilimia 80–90 ya vijana katika nchi za Magharibi.^[12][13][14] Viwango vya chini huripotiwa katika baadhi ya jamii za mashambani.^[14][15]

Katika mwaka wa 2010, chunusi ilikadiriwa kuathiri watu milioni 650 duniani kote, hivyo kuufanya kuwa ugonjwa wa 8 unaotokea mara nyingi zaidi ulimwenguni.^[16]

Watu pia wanaweza kuathiriwa kabla na baada ya kubalehe.^[17] Ingawa hali hii haitokei mara nyingi kwa watu wazima ikilinganishwa na vijana, takriban nusu ya watu katika umri wa miaka ya ishirini na ya thelathini huendelea kuwa na chunusi.^[2]

1. ↑ Adityan B, Kumari R, ThappaDM (Mei 2009). "Scoring systems in acne vulgaris". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 75 (3): 323–6. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.51258. PMID 19439902.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4} Bhate, K; Williams, HC (Machi 2013). "Epidemiology of acne vulgaris". The British journal of dermatology. 168 (3): 474–85. doi:10.1111/bjd.12149. PMID 23210645.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
3. ↑ Barnes LE, Levender MM, Fleischer AB Jr, Feldman SR (Aprili 2012). "Quality of life measures for acne patients". Dermatologic Clinics. 30 (2): 293–300. doi:10.1016/j.det.2011.11.001. PMID 22284143.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Goodman, G (Julai 2006). "Acne and acne scarring–the case for active and early intervention". Australian family physician. 35 (7): 503–4. PMID 16820822.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
5. ↑ Knutsen-Larson S, Dawson AL, Dunnick CA, DellavalleRP (Januari 2012). "Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment". Dermatologic Clinics. 30 (1): 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.det.2011.09.001. PMID 22117871.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
6. ↑ Benner N, Sammons D (Septemba 2013). "Overview of the treatment of acne vulgaris". Osteopathic Family Physician. 5 (5): 185–90. doi:10.1016/j.osfp.2013.03.003.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
7. ↑ James WD (Aprili 2005). "Acne". New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (14): 1463–72. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp033487. PMID 15814882.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
8. ↑ Mahmood SN, Bowe WP (Aprili 2014). "Diet and acne update: carbohydrates emerge as the main culprit". Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD. 13 (4): 428–35. PMID 24719062.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
9. ↑ ^{9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3} Titus S, Hodge J (Oktoba 2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of acne". American family physician. 86 (8): 734–40. PMID 23062156.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
10. ↑ Beylot, C; Auffret, N; Poli, F; Claudel, JP; Leccia, MT; Del Giudice, P; Dreno, B (Machi 2014). "Propionibacterium acnes: an update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV. 28 (3): 271–8. doi:10.1111/jdv.12224. PMID 23905540.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
11. ↑ Chukua limao kamao kamua yale maji yake alafu jipake kwa kutumia pamba au vidole sehemu zenye chunusi au madoa ndan ya dakika kumi na tano kisha osha uso kwa maji safi na sabuni. Na ukitumia asali jipake kila siku asubuhi na usiku kabla hujalala pia limao asubuhi na usiku kabla hujalala
12. ↑ Taylor, Marisa; Gonzalez, Maria; Porter, Rebecca (Mei–Juni 2011). "Pathways to inflammation: acne pathophysiology". European Journal of Dermatology. 21 (3): 323–33. doi:10.1684/ejd.2011.1357. PMID 21609898.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
13. ↑ Dawson AL, DellavalleRP (Mei 2013). "Acne vulgaris". BMJ. 346 (5): f2634. doi:10.1136/bmj.f2634. PMID 23657180.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
14. ↑ ^{14.0 14.1} Berlin, David J. Goldberg, Alexander L. Acne and Rosacea Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Manson Pub. uk. 8. ISBN 9781840766165.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
15. ↑ Spencer EH, Ferdowsian, Barnard ND (Aprili 2009). "Diet and acne: a review of the evidence". International Journal of Dermatology. 48 (4): 339–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04002.x. PMID 19335417.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
16. ↑ Hay, RJ; Johns, NE; Williams, HC; Bolliger, IW; Dellavalle, RP; Margolis, DJ; Marks, R; Naldi, L; Weinstock, MA; Wulf, SK; Michaud, C; J L Murray, C; Naghavi, M (Oktoba 2013). "The Global Burden of Skin Disease in 2010: An Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Skin Conditions". The Journal of investigative dermatology. 134 (6): 1527–34. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.446. PMID 24166134.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
17. ↑ Admani S, Barrio VR (Novemba 2013). "Evaluation and treatment of acne from infancy to preadolescence". Dermatologic therapy. 26 (6): 462–6. doi:10.1111/dth.12108. PMID 24552409.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

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