Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (16 Desemba 1770 - 26 Machi 1827) alikuwa mtungaji wa muziki na mpiga piano kutoka nchi ya Ujerumani.

Alizaliwa mjini Bonn akiwa mtoto wa mwanamuziki aliyemfundisha kupiga kinanda tangu utotoni.

Mwaka 1787 akiwa kijana alisafiri hadi Vienna uliokuwa mji mkuu wa Dola Takatifu la Kiroma kwa matumaini ya kukutana na Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart akarudi huko mwaka 1792 alipopata mafunzo kutoka kwa Joseph Haydn.

Tangu mwaka 1793 alikuwa maarufu mjini Vienna kama mpigakinanda akaendelea kutunga muziki wake. Alipata msaada wa wateja kati ya makabaila wa makao makuu ya Kaisari.

Tangu mwaka 1796 alianza kupoteza uwezo wake wa kusikia akazidi kuwa kiziwi lakini aliamua kuendelea na muziki wake. Kuna hadithi ya kwamba aliongoza simfonia ya tisa na mwishowe watu walimgeuza aangalie wasikilizaji kwa sababu hakusikia jinsi walivyopiga makofi.

Alijitahidi kuendelea kutunga na kuongoza muziki na kupiga piano. Alifunga fimbo kwenye kinanda akaishika kwa meno na kusikia walau tetemeko la piano kupitia fimbo na meno yake.

Aliaga dunia alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 57.

• Brandenburg, Sieghard (ed.): Ludwig van Beethoven: Briefwechsel. Gesamtausgabe. 8 vols. Munich: Henle 1996.
• Clive, Peter (2001). Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816672-9.
• Cooper, Barry (2008). Beethoven. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-531331-4.
• Cross, Milton; Ewen, David (1953). The Milton Cross New Encyclopedia of the Great Composers and Their Music. Garden City, New Jersey: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-03635-3. OCLC 17791083.
• Kigezo:GroveOnline
• Landon, H. C. Robbins; Göllerich, August (1970). Beethoven: a documentary study. Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-567830-2. OCLC 87180.
• Lockwood, Lewis (2003). Beethoven: The Music And The Life. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32638-3.
• Klaus Martin Kopitz, * Beethoven’s ‘Elise’ Elisabeth Röckel: a forgotten love story and a famous piano piece, in: The Musical Times, vol. 161, no. 1953 (Winter 2020), pp. 9–26
• Sachs, Harvey, The Ninth: Beethoven and the World in 1824, London, Faber, 2010. ISBN 978-0-571-22145-5.
• Solomon, Maynard (2001). Beethoven (tol. la 2nd revised). New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-8256-7268-6.
• Stanley, Glenn (ed) (2000). The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58074-9. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
• Steblin, Rita (2009). "'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi". Bonner Beethoven-Studien. 8: 89–152.
• Thayer, A. W.; Krehbiel, Henry Edward (ed, trans); Deiters, Hermann; Riemann, Hugo (1921). The Life of Ludwig Van Beethoven, Vol 1. The Beethoven Association. OCLC 422583.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Thayer, A. W.; Forbes, Elliot (1970). Thayer's Life of Beethoven (2 vols). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02702-1.

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Ludwig van Beethoven

• Beethoven-Haus Bonn Ilihifadhiwa 12 Aprili 2017 kwenye Wayback Machine., official website
• The Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies, The Beethoven Gateway Ilihifadhiwa 19 Aprili 2017 kwenye Wayback Machine. (San José State University)
• Ludwig van Beethoven katika Open Directory Project
• Works by Ludwig van Beethoven katika Project Gutenberg
• Ludwig van Beethoven ame orodheshwa katika International Music Score Library Project

• Free scores by Ludwig van Beethoven katika Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Works by or about Ludwig van Beethoven at Internet Archive and Google Books (scanned books original editions color illustrated)

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