第一種此類型的慈善建築據信成立於1336年,由奥尔汗一世在安那托利亞的伊兹尼克興建,從那時開始,公共廚房就成了鄂圖曼帝國穆斯林社會中都市景觀密不可分的一環[13]。儘管眾多公共廚房在1336年後便如雨後春筍般陸續於帝國各地出現,不過其中最著名的廚房當屬16世紀末由蘇萊曼一世的妻子许蕾姆苏丹在耶路撒冷成立的蘇丹夫人公共廚房(英语:Haseki Sultan Imaret),這間慈善廚房每天會發放大約1,000個麵包給有需要的社會大眾,包括於廚房中工作的員工在內、投宿在廚房旁設商隊驛站中的旅人、當地蘇菲派謝赫的信眾以及400名「窮困潦倒且情景堪憐,孱弱有需要幫助之人」[14]都可免費領取發放的麵包和濃湯。這間公共廚房最終成為整個帝國中規模最龐大同時也是最負盛名的慈善機構,廚房同時也向社會各個階層的人敞開大門,諸如:烏理瑪、貧民、朝聖者與耶路撒冷地區富有而傑出的一份子,皆受益於廚房所提供的慈善服務[15]。
^Peri, Oded. Waqf and Ottoman welfare policy: The poor kitchen of Hasseki Sultan in eighteenth-century Jerusalem pg 173
^ 16.016.116.2Singer, Amy. Serving up Charity: The Ottoman Public Kitchen pg 488
^ 17.017.1Singer, Amy. Soup and ‘Sadaqa;’ Charity in Islamic Societies pg 322
延伸閱讀
Barkhan, Lutfi. McCarthy, Justin. “ The Price Revolution of the Sixteenth Century: A Turning Point in the Economic History of the near East.” International Journal of Middles East Studies, Vol 6, No.1 (1975): 3-28.
Barnes, Robert. 1986. An Introduction to Religious Foundations in the Ottoman Empire. Leiden: Brill.
Griswold, William J. 1984. “A Sixteenth Century Ottoman Pious Foundation.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 27, 2: 175-198.
Jennings. Ronald C. 1990. “Pious Foundations in the Society and Economy of Ottoman Trabzon, 1565-1640.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 33, 3: 271-336.
Shaham, Ron. “ Christian and Jewish “Waqf” in Palestine during the Late Ottoman Period.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol 54, No. 3 (1991): 460-472.
參考書目
Kuran, Aptullah. “ A Spatial Study of Three Ottoman Capitals: Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul.” Muqarnas Vol. 13 (1996):
Kuran, Timur. “The Provision of Public Goods under Islamic Law: Origins, Impact, and Limitations of the Waqf System.” Law and Society Review, Vol 35, No. 4 (2001): 841-898.
Singer, Amy. "Soup and 'Sadaqa:' Charity in Islamic Societies." Historical Research 79, no.205 (2006): 306-324.
Peri, Oded. “Waqf and Ottoman Welfare Policy. “The Poor Kitchen of Hasseki Sultan in Eighteenth- Century Jerusalem.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol 35, No. 2 (1992): 167-186.
Singer, Amy. “Serving up Charity: The Ottoman Public Kitchen.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol 35, No.3 (2004): 481-400.
Singer, Amy. "Soup and 'Sadaqa:' Charity in Islamic Societies." Historical Research 79, No.205 (2006): 306-324.