^R. R. K. Hartmann; Gregory James. Dictionary of Lexicography. Routledge. 4 January 2002: 31 [29 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1-134-76829-5. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27） （英语）. An abbreviation or symbol used to label the country associated with a particular word, phrase or term.
^ 5.05.1Central Intelligence Agency. Appendix D: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes. 国家数据代码交叉引用表. The CIA World Factbook 2012. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. 2011: 3291– [2014-01-29]. ISBN 978-1-61608-332-8. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27） （英语）.
^ 7.07.1Kelly Chan. DIGEST A Primer for the International GIS Standard. CRC Press. 25 June 1998: 34 [29 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1-56670-241-6. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27） （英语）. For example, a column of country codes might refer to a country code lookup table for an explanation or the compete country name based on a 2- or 3-charcter code.
^ 8.08.18.2United Nations ICT Task Force. Internet Governance: A Grand Collaboration : an Edited Collection of Papers Contributed to the United Nations ICT Task Force Global Forum on Internet Governance, New York, March 25-26, 2004. United Nations Publications. 2004: 275 [29 January 2014]. ISBN 978-92-1-104534-5. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27） （英语）. National sovereignty over information infrastructure ccTLDs: Who is a country? ICANN and its predecessor organization have always sought to avoid the issue of what is a state, yet is inherently unable to skirt it. For instance, in 2003 Chinese authorities raised the issue with US and ICANN officials of why .tw existed since it seemed to legitimize the island as an independent nation, which China regards as a province. Though China stopped short of asking its removal (there are a number of non-national territories in the ISO 3166 list, including .hk for Hong Kong), the incident is indicative of the offline politics that can easily enter domain name policy discussions. Secondly, in March 2000, ICANN established .ps to represent the Palestinian Authority, another example of how politics is implicit in Internet addressing.
^Milton Mueller. Ruling the Root: Internet Governance and the Taming of Cyberspace. MIT Press. 2004: 244 [29 January 2014]. ISBN 978-0-262-26379-5. （原始内容存档于2014-09-20） （英语）. But political factors have overridden technical and business facts in this case. The GAC has lobbied to make sure that ccTLD delegations are exclusive by warning ICANN not to delegate any new TLDs with the names of countries or that use the three-letter country codes. The director-general of the European Commission, Robert Verrue, expressed support for the idea of giving governments the opportunity to register or assign in advance the two-letter and three-letter ISO country codes in the new TLDs. In its second process WIPO proposed to exclude all two-letter country codes from the second level of all new generic TLDs.
^John Mathiason. Chapter 6 The ICANN experiment. Internet Governance: The New Frontier of Global Institutions. Routledge. 18 August 2008: 88–89 [29 January 2014]. ISBN 978-1-135-97666-8. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27） （英语）. In the early, innocent days of the Internet, Jon Postel and his colleagues determined to use the ISO two-letter designation of countries. Many of the country-code names were not sovereign governments. In doing so, they made two political errors. First, the list was not politically correct since it included, in addition to China (.cn) and Hong Kong (.hk), Taiwan Province of China (.tw). Since the status of Taiwan (especially whether it sould be considered independent) has yet to be resovled internationally, once ICANN took over the IANA functions, this had the effect of allowing Taiwan to participate in ICANN. And Taiwan does participate in GAC meetings, as did China, one of the few places where both would be represented. The GAC by-laws allow for this by permitting membership of "distinct economies as recognised in international fora." This avoids a judgement about the status of Taiwan. ... Second, when IANA set up the country-level codes there was no procedure for determining, on the basis of government authority who was qualified to provide registry services for the domain. Some of the two-letter domains had a value because of their meaning in English. For example, .tv (Tuvalu) could be used by television programs ... and .fm (Federation of Micronesia) could be used by radio stations. Many countries did not have national registries so private individuals were given the authority to allocate domain names to some country-code domains.
此條目介紹的是一般及其他國家地區代碼。关于國際標準化組織管理的國家地區代碼，请见「ISO 3166-1」。关于國際電話用的國碼，请见「國際電話區號列表」。关于維基百科各語言的代碼，请见「Wikipedia:維基百科語言列表」。
