1970年代,之後一位美國生物學家安塞尔·凯斯發表的《七國研究(Seven Countries Study)》更是確認了此相關性[8][9],此後地中海飲食才逐漸受到專家們的認可。1975年,一位美國生物學家安塞尔·凯斯和其妻子及化學家瑪格麗特·基斯(Margaret Keys)就注意到並公開宣傳地中海地區飲食型態的特色和健康益處,但之後就並未進行更詳細的研究[10]。
2010年發表在《美國臨床營養期刊》(The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)的綜合分析顯示地中海飲食被認為對於減少慢性疾病的風險,如:心血管疾病與癌症,有明顯的助益。
[39]
2011年發表在《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》的綜合分析結果,其中包含50個研究結果(35份臨床試驗、2份前瞻性及13份橫斷性研究),涵蓋了大約535,000人,觀察地中海飲食對代謝症候群的影響。研究人員表示,地中海飲食和較低的血壓、血糖、三酸甘油脂有關。
2013年發表在《美國臨床營養期刊》(The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)的綜合分析中,分別將地中海飲食、全素食、奶蛋素、低升糖指數飲食、低碳水化合物飲食、高纖飲食、高蛋白飲食與對照組進行比較。研究的歸納出地中海飲食、低碳水化合物飲食、低升糖指數飲食和高蛋白飲食能有效改善心血管疾病、糖尿病相關的風險標記。根據同年發表的系統性回顧,越遵循地中海飲食,與越低的阿茲海默症風險及越緩慢的認知能力下降有關。另一份2013年的系統性回顧也得到類似的結論,且發現地中海飲食與輕微認知受損(mild cognitive impairment)進展成阿茲海默症的風險有負相關,但探討這個議題的研究較少。
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