^See 宾夕法尼亚大学 for details the circumstances of Penn's origin. Penn's self-stated founding date of 1740 is a matter of longstanding controversy between Penn and Princeton boosters.
^Nick Anderson, "Ivy League admission rate: 8-point-something-something-percent", The Washington Post March 28, 2014. Local references for the schools' statistics are footnoted at their entries
^Epstein, Joseph. Snobbery: The American Version. Houghton Mifflin. 2003. ISBN 0-618-34073-4. p. 55, "by WASP Baltzell meant something much more specific; he intended to cover a select group of people who passed through a congeries of elite American institutions: certain eastern 预科学校, the Ivy League colleges, and the 美国圣公会 among them." and Wolff, Robert Paul. The Ideal of the University. Transaction Publishers. 1992. ISBN 1-56000-603-X. p. viii: "My genial, aristocratic contempt for Clark Kerr's celebration of the University of California was as much an expression of Ivy League snobbery as it was of radical social critique."
^The Associated Press. Yale Jinx Overcome, Dartmouth Now Seeks To Break Spell Cast by Princeton Teams. The New York Times. 1935-10-05: 35.
^Auchincloss, Louis. East Side Story. Houghton Mifflin. 2004. ISBN 0-618-45244-3. p. 179, "he dreaded the aridity of snobbery which he knew infected the Ivy League colleges"
^McDonald, Janet. Project Girl. University of California Press. 2000. ISBN 0-520-22345-4. p. 163 "Newsweek is a morass of incest, nepotism, elitism, racism and utter classic white male patriarchal corruption.... It is completely Ivy League—a Vassar/Columbia J-School dumping ground... I will always be excluded, regardless of how many Ivy League degrees I acquire, because of the next level of hurdles: family connections and money."
^Epstein, Joseph. Snobbery: The American Version. Houghton Mifflin. 2003. ISBN 0-618-34073-4. p. 55, "by WASP Baltzell meant something much more specific; he intended to cover a select group of people who passed through a congeries of elite American institutions: certain eastern prep schools, the Ivy League colleges, and the Episcopal Church among them." and Wolff, Robert Paul. The Ideal of the University. Transaction Publishers. 1992. ISBN 1-56000-603-X. p. viii: "My genial, aristocratic contempt for Clark Kerr's celebration of the University of California was as much an expression of Ivy League snobbery as it was of radical social critique."
^Time magazine, Noliwe M. Rooks, Feb. 27, 2013, The Biggest Barrier to Elite Education Isn’t Affordability. It’s Accessibility (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Retrieved Aug. 27, 2014, "...accessibility of these schools to students who are poor, minority ... the weight that Ivy League and other highly selective schools...unfortunate set of circumstances ... gifted minority, poor and working class students can benefit most from the educational opportunities..."
^August 26, 2014 , Boston Globe (via NY Times), A Generation Later, Poor are Still Rare at Elite Colleges (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Retrieved Aug. 30, 2014, "more elite group of 28 private colleges and universities, including all eight Ivy League members, ... from 2001 to 2009, ... enrollment of students from the bottom 40 percent of family incomes increased from just 10 percent to 11 percent...."