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末梁龙属

末梁龙属
化石时期:凡蓝今阶早期
~136.4 Ma
肋骨与背椎
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目: 蜥腳下目 Sauropoda
科: 梁龙科 Diplodocidae
亚科: 梁龙亚科 Diplodocinae
属: 末梁龙属 Leinkupal
Gallina et al., 2014
模式種
宽尾末梁龙
Leinkupal laticauda

Gallina et al., 2014
異名
  • Leikupal Gallina et al., 2014(笔误)

末梁龙属名Leinkupal)是蜥脚类梁龙亚科的一个,化石在阿根廷内乌肯省内乌肯盆地英语Neuquén Basin东南的早白垩世(晚贝里亚阶至早凡蓝今阶紅坡组英语Bajada Colorada Formation发现,仅含一个物种,宽尾末梁龙Leinkupal laticauda)。[1]

发现历史

挖掘现场
中段尾椎

内乌肯省的皮库勒富在2010年和2012年出土了几种蜥脚类化石,其中一种为科学意义上梁龙科的一个新属。[1]

2014年,模式种宽尾末梁龙(Leinkupal laticauda)由帕布洛·加林纳(Pablo Gallina)、塞巴斯蒂安·阿佩斯特圭(Sebastián Apesteguía)、亚历山德罗·哈卢扎(Alejandro Haluza)和胡安·堪纳勒(Juan Canale)命名并叙述。属名取自马普切语lein(“开始消失的”)和kupal(“氏族”)指末梁龙是已知生存年代最晚或最年轻的梁龙科物种;种名取自拉丁语latus(“宽的”)和cauda(“尾巴”),指其宽阔的尾椎。[1]

正模标本MMCH-Pv 63-1发现于紅坡组地质年代为贝里亚阶凡蓝今阶的一层中,由一节前段尾椎组成。以下化石被指定为副模标本英语paratype:MMCH Pv 63-2/3:两节前端尾椎;MMCH Pv 63-4:一节后段尾椎;MMCH Pv 63-5:一节前端背椎;MMCH Pv 63-6:一节前段尾椎;MMCH Pv 63-7/8:两节中段尾椎。已有其他可能材料被发现,但由于其身份不确定,因此未归类于本属。[1]

末梁龙是一种相对较小的蜥脚类,体长估计为9米。该属的自衍徵包括:前尾椎横突极为发达,与椎体宽度一样长,向侧面和下方扩张,顶面和底面有坚固的加强嵴;前段尾椎在椎体和前关节突英语prezygapophysis之间有一条非常坚固的嵴。前段尾椎具有后关节突英语postzygapophysis,内基部有两对气腔,与关节面相对。[1]

分类学

前段尾椎

末梁龙被分配至梁龙科中的梁龙亚科。一项系统发育分析显示它可能是发现于非洲的拖尼龙姊妹物种英语sister species,由于后者的生存时间更早,在晚侏罗世期间,这意味着梁龙超科的起源很早,不晚于中侏罗世。二者之间的亲缘关系可以解释为梁龙亚科的早期辐射演化或后来从非洲遷徙至南美洲。末梁龙是南美洲唯一已知的可明确鉴定的梁龙科,也是該科唯一已知生存於白垩纪、最年轻的物種。[1]

以下演化树取自Tschopp、Mateus和Benson(2015年)的研究。[2]

梁龙科

高双腔龙

迷惑龙亚科

未命名种

埃阿斯迷惑龙

路氏迷惑龙

秀丽雷龙

胸饰雷龙

小雷龙

梁龙亚科

未命名种

非洲拖尼龙

劳尔哈超龙

维氏超龙

宽尾末梁龙

海氏需盔龙

卡氏梁龙

哈氏梁龙

赛氏小梁龙

大斋重龙

古生态学

末梁龙发现于紅坡组。该地层由红色和绿棕色砂岩和细至粗粒砾岩组成,此外还有明显的褐色粉砂岩和红色粘土岩英语claystone带。这些沉积物代表河流环境和辫状河流。同時存在交叉分层英语cross-stratification古土壤英语Paleosol和通道。末梁龙与几种兽脚类共享栖地,包括基础坚尾龙类、可能的恐爪龙下目和可能的阿贝力龙超科,此外还有叉龙科蜥脚类巴哈达龙[1][3]

参考资料

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