德尼战争(英语:Battle of Derna (1805))(1805年4月-5月)是战争的转折点。美国前任驻突尼斯领事威廉·伊顿在美国政府的授权下前往埃及希望请回的黎波里王位的合法继承人哈米特·克拉玛尼。哈米特曾被他的兄弟尤瑟夫·克拉玛尼废黜并流放到了埃及。伊顿打算帮助哈米特回到的黎波里并重新登上王位,哈米特同意了他的计划。在哈米特的帮助下,伊顿招募了大约五百名来自阿拉伯、希腊克里特岛以及柏柏尔的希腊雇佣兵。4月27日,总指挥伊顿和美国海军陆战队第一任中尉普雷斯利·奥班诺带领一支由美国海军陆战队和从埃及亚历山大港行军跨过利比亚沙漠的五百名希腊雇佣兵组成的联合军队,[22] 展开了对的黎波里德尼城的进攻。伊顿将他的兵力分成两路,由哈米特带领阿拉伯士兵向西南行进以阻断的黎波里的道路,之后攻击城市的左翼并向守卫较为薄弱的统治者的宫殿发起猛攻。与此同时,伊顿带领余下的雇佣兵和海军陆战队攻击海港堡垒,其它船只向防卫严密的港口炮台开火。下午2点45分,奥班诺和海军陆战队首先发动进攻。的黎波里的大量兵力被调遣守卫港口,这也使得哈米特带领的雇佣兵成功阻断道路并且到达城市西部。伊顿在手腕被枪打伤的情况下带领军队翻过城墙,的黎波里守卫留下了已经装上炸弹的大炮迅速逃跑。哈米特在这时也控制住了统治者的宫殿和城镇的西部。许多慌忙撤退的海港堡垒上的士兵穿过城镇时正好落入哈米特的兵力之中。下午4点,整座城市都被攻占。这是美国历史上第一次胜利地将美国国旗在他国领土上升起。[23]
^Rojas, Martha Elena. ""Insults Unpunished" Barbary Captives, American Slaves, and the Negotiation of Liberty." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 1.2 (2003): 159–86.
^Battistini, Robert. "Glimpses of the Other before Orientalism: The Muslim World in Early American Periodicals, 1785–1800." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 8.2 (2010): 446–74.
^Parton, James. "Jefferson, American Minister in France." Atlantic Monthly. 30.180 (1872): 405–24.
^Blum, Hester. "Pirated Tars, Piratical Texts Barbary Captivity and American Sea Narratives." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 1.2 (2003): 133–58.
^"American Peace Commissioners to John Jay," March 28, 1786, "Thomas Jefferson Papers," Series 1. General Correspondence. 1651–1827, Library of Congress. LoC: March 28, 1786 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (handwritten).
^ Making of America Project (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆); Philip Gengembre Hubert (1872). The Atlantic monthly. Atlantic Monthly Co.. p. 413 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (typeset).
^Eaton had requested 100 marines, but had been limited to eight by Commodore Barron, who wished to budget his forces differently. Daugherty 2009,第11–12頁.
London, Joshua E., Victory in Tripoli: How America's War with the Barbary Pirates Established the U.S. Navy and Shaped a Nation, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005, ISBN 0-471-44415-4
Whipple, A. B. C., To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines, Bluejacket Books, 1991, ISBN 1-55750-966-2
补充书目
Adams, Henry Brooks, History of the United States of America During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson Library of America, 19861891
De Kay, James Tertius, A Rage for Glory: The Life of Commodore Stephen Decatur, USN, Free Press, 2004
Lambert, Frank, The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World, New York: Hill and Wang, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8090-9533-9
Oren, Michael B., Power, Faith, and Fantasy: The United States in the Middle East, 1776 to 2006, New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2007, ISBN 978-0-393-33030-4
Smethurst, David, Tripoli: The United States' First War on Terror, New York: Presidio Press, 2006
Toll, Ian W., Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy, W. W. Norton, 2006, ISBN 978-0-393-05847-5
Wheelan, Joseph, Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror, 1801–1805, New York: Carroll & Graf, 2003
Zacks, Richard, The Pirate Coast: Thomas Jefferson, the First Marines, and the Secret Mission of 1805, New York: Hyperion, 2005