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達爾馬提亞

達爾馬提亞
Dalmacija
克羅地亞歷史地區1
達爾馬提亞旗幟
旗幟
達爾馬提亞徽章
徽章
*   達爾馬提亞的最大疆域 *   達爾馬提亞爭議地區 *   今天屬於黑山的科托尔湾地區 *   拉布島和其他島嶼 *
  •   達爾馬提亞的最大疆域
  •   達爾馬提亞爭議地區
  •   今天屬於黑山科托尔湾地區
  •   拉布島和其他島嶼
坐标:43°48′46″N 16°13′08″E / 43.81276°N 16.21876°E / 43.81276; 16.21876
所屬國家 克罗地亚
主要城市及縣治斯普利特
斯普利特-达尔马提亚县
面积2
 • 总计12,158 平方公里(4,694 平方英里)
人口(2011)2
 • 總計852,068人
 • 密度70.1人/平方公里(182人/平方英里)
^ 达尔马提亚不是克罗地亚的行政区划。它只是一个历史地区
^ 数据主要基于克羅埃西亞行政區劃(除去Gračac英语Gračac扎達爾縣, 希貝尼克-克寧縣, 斯普利特-達爾馬提亞縣, 杜布羅夫尼克-內雷特瓦縣[1][2]

達爾馬提亞克羅埃西亞語Dalmacija[dǎlmaːtsija];英語:Dalmatia/dælˈmʃə, -tiə/)是一个位于克羅埃西亞南部、亞得里亞海東岸的地區,東接波斯尼亞和黑塞哥维那。它和克羅埃西亞本部斯拉沃尼亚伊斯特拉半島一同被称为克罗地亚的四个历史地区[3]

此地區由西北的拉布島橫跨至東南方的科托爾灣,還包括亞得里亞海東岸的各個島嶼,如赫瓦爾島維斯島科爾丘拉島布拉奇島帕島姆列特島等。

斯普利特杜布羅夫尼克是本區的主要都市。

地名

达尔马提亚这个名称来自当地伊利里亚人的同名部落[4]。羅馬皇帝屋大维时期的罗马帝国行省達爾馬提亞就以此命名。它的现代英文拼写来自拉丁语

定义

古代,作为罗马帝国行省的达尔马提亚比现在的斯普利特-達爾馬提亞縣要大得多。它北至伊斯特拉半島,南至现在的阿尔巴尼亚[5]二战時期,義大利軍隊在南斯拉夫被軸心國打败瓜分時佔領了達爾馬提亞。

在现代,达尔马提亚只是一个历史地区,在克罗地亚的任何法律中没有正式的规定。因此,达尔马提亚的具体范围存在多种说法。根据扎达尔大学英语University of Zadar约西普教授等人的说法,[6]

…达尔马提亚地区的现代定义主要基于历史上奥匈帝国附属国達爾馬提亞王國的领土范围。它不应该包括拉布島,因为该岛在地理上属于克瓦內爾灣地区,在行政上属于克羅埃西亞沿海戈爾斯基科塔爾地区;它也不应该包括科托尔湾,因为科托尔湾在一战后归属蒙特內哥羅。同时,不属于達爾馬提亞王國利卡南部和乌纳河地区,在如今归属扎達爾縣。从当代克罗地亚行政规划的角度来看,达尔马提亚应该包括扎達爾縣、希貝尼克-克寧縣、斯普利特-達爾馬提亞縣和杜布羅夫尼克-內雷特瓦縣这4个沿海一级行政区

达尔马提亚王国领土范围
達爾馬提亞歷史地圖(一八五二年),還包括了斯拉沃尼亞和克羅地亞

因此,“达尔马提亚”通常被认为是達爾馬提亞王國的大致范围。然而,由于过去一个世纪该地区领土和行政区划的变化,不同人的看法间仍有细小冲突:

行政区划

达尔马提亚与现在的克羅埃西亞行政區劃大致对应的有4个县:[1]

克羅埃西亞行政區劃 县治 面积(km2) 人口(2011年)
扎達爾縣 扎達爾 3,642 170,017
希貝尼克-克寧縣 希贝尼克 2,939 109,375
斯普利特-達爾馬提亞縣 斯普利特 4,534 454,798
杜布羅夫尼克-內雷特瓦縣 杜布羅夫尼克 1,783 122,568
总计 12,898 857,743

其他的大城市有:比奧格勒納莫魯, 卡什泰拉, 錫尼, 索林, 奧米什, 克宁, 梅特科維奇, 馬卡爾斯卡, 特罗吉尔, 普洛切伊莫茨基

图集

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2012-12. 
  2. ^ Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: County of Zadar. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2012-12. 
  3. ^ Frucht, Richard C. Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture 1 illustrated. ABC-CLIO. 2004: 413 [2012-08-15]. ISBN 1576078000. 
  4. ^ Wilkes, John. The Illyrians. The Peoples of Europe. Wiley-Blackwell. 1995: 244 [2018-03-19]. ISBN 0-631-19807-5. (原始内容存档于2020-05-02). 
  5. ^ Robert Stallaerts. Historical Dictionary of Croatia. Scarecrow Press. 2009-12-22: 89 [2018-11-16]. ISBN 978-0-8108-7363-6. (原始内容存档于2020-12-17). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Mirošević, Lena; Faričić, Josip. Perception of Dalmatia in Selected Foreign Lexicographic Publications XVI. Geoadria. 2011: 124. 
  7. ^ Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Anali Zavoda za Povijesne Znanosti Hrvatske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti u Dubrovniku, p.405, Volume 38(克羅埃西亞語)
  8. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Dalmatia. [2018-11-16]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-29). 
  9. ^ Bousfield, Jonathan. The Rough Guide to Croatia. Penguin. 2010: 263. ISBN 978-1-84836-936-8. 
  10. ^ Dalmatia on Enciclopedia Treccani. [2018-11-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-23). 
  11. ^ James, Ryan; Mastrini, Hana; Baker, Mark; Torme Olson, Karen; Charlton, Angela; Bain, Keith; de Bruyn, Pippa. Frommer's Eastern Europe. John Wiley & Sons. 2009: 120. ISBN 0470473347. 
  12. ^ Turnock, David. The Human Geography of East Central Europe. Routledge. 2003: 318. ISBN 1134828004. 
  13. ^ Heenan, Patrick; Lamontagne, Monique. The Central and Eastern Europe Handbook. Taylor & Francis. 1999: 168. ISBN 1579580890. 
  14. ^ Gorilo u nekoliko dalmatinskih županija [Fire in several Dalmatian counties]. Nacional (Zagreb). 2008 [2014-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-31) (克罗地亚语). 
  15. ^ Za 29 dalmatinskih malih kapitalnih projekata 14.389.000 kuna. Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds. Republic of Croatia: Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds. [2014-05-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-17) (克罗地亚语). 

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