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伍文定

伍文定
大明兵部尚書兼都察院右都御史
籍貫湖廣承宣布政使司荊州府松滋縣
族裔漢族
字號字時泰,號松月
諡號忠襄
出生成化六年(1470年)
湖廣松滋縣
逝世嘉靖九年(1530年)
湖廣松滋縣
出身
  • 弘治十二年己未科同進士出身

伍文定(1470年—1530年),時泰松月湖廣承宣布政使司荊州府松滋縣(今湖北省松滋市西北老城)人,明朝政治人物、軍事將領,同進士出身。

生平

伍文定强於騎射,有力氣,喜歡議論。弘治十二年(1499年)中進士,授常州府推官,善於決斷案件,期間勸魏國公徐與勿佔用民田,退田予民。后因劉瑾接受徐與賄賂,巡撫艾樸等十四人悉數被逮捕,當時伍文定已經升至成都同知,也因此下詔獄,被貶斥為民。

劉瑾伏誅,伍文定重新起用,并平定江西姚源、王浩八等民亂,此後升爲河南府知府,擒拿張勇、李文簡叛亂。因政績,調任吉安府知府,平定永豐大茅山叛亂,此後輔佐巡撫王守仁平定桶岡、橫水[1]

寧王朱宸濠稱兵造反吉安府官民爭相逃亡,是為寧王之亂,伍文定斬殺一個逃亡者后,眾人紛紛安定,并迎接贛南巡撫王陽明入城抗敵。此後知府邢珣徐璉戴德孺等紛紛前來共同討伐,伍文定擔任大帥。在戰場上,伍文定中彈,火燒其鬚而不動。平定叛亂后,因功最大,升江西按察使太監張忠許泰抵達南昌,意圖冒功,但王陽明已經俘虜朱宸濠抵達浙江。至此張忠大恨,伍文定反被捆綁,伍文定怒罵張忠是想幫寧王報仇,張忠聽到指控頗驚,只好將他放了[2]。之後,伍文定仍然升爲廣東布政使,未赴任時,世宗已經嗣位。伍文定於是上疏稱張忠自稱皇弟劉暉自稱皇子,許泰自稱皇帝的副手威武副將軍,都是欺君之罪,并請發放朱宸濠貲財,還給江西官署,并釋放被張忠、許泰冤枉之人、寧王王府中的宗室兄弟,明世宗對此表示嘉獎并批准[3]

此後論功,升任右副都御史提督操江。嘉靖三年(1524年)討平海賊董效,后因病請辭。嘉靖六年(年)召為兵部右侍郎,同年冬升任右都御史,掌管都察院事。次年,升任兵部尚書提督雲南、四川、貴州、湖廣軍,討伐雲南土酋安銓叛亂,并后因尚書方獻夫李承勛詆毀而令致仕。嘉靖九年(1530年)去世。天啟初年(1621年)追忠襄[4]

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:國朝獻徵錄·卷之三十九》,出自焦竑國朝獻徵錄
维基文库中的相关文本:明史卷二百》,出自《明史

参考文献

  1. ^ ·张廷玉等,《明史》(卷200):“伍文定 ,字時泰,松滋人。父琇,貴州參議。文定登弘治十二年進士。有膂力,便弓馬,議論慷慨。授常州推官,精敏善決獄,稱強吏。魏國公徐與民爭田,文定勘歸之民。劉瑾入重賄,興大獄,巡撫艾樸以下十四人悉被逮。文定已遷成都同知,亦下詔獄,斥為民。瑾敗,起補嘉興。江西姚源賊王浩八等流劫浙江開化,都御史俞諫檄召伍文定與參將李隆、都指揮江洪、僉事儲珊討之,軍華埠。而都指揮白弘與湖州知府黃衷別營馬金。賊黨劉昌三破執弘,官軍大挫。浩八突華埠,洪、文定擊敗之,追及於孔埠。隆、珊亦追至池淮,破其巢,進攻淫田。洪以奇兵深入,中賊誘,與指揮張琳等皆被執。文定等殿後得還,賊亦遁歸江西。諫等上文定忠勇狀,詔所司奬勞。擢河南知府,計擒劇賊張勇、李文簡。以才任治劇,調吉安。計平永豐及大茅山賊。已,佐巡撫王守仁平桶岡、橫水。”
  2. ^ ·张廷玉等,《明史》(卷200):“宸濠反,吉安士民爭亡匿。文定斬亡者一人,眾乃定。乃迎守仁入城。知府邢珣、徐璉、戴德孺等先後至,共討賊。文定當大帥。丙辰之戰,身犯矢石,火燎鬚不動。賊平,功最,擢江西按察使。張忠、許泰至南昌,欲冒其功,而守仁已俘宸濠赴浙江。忠等失望,大恨。文定出謁,遂縛之。文定罵曰:「吾不恤九族,為國家平大賊,何罪?汝天下腹心,屈辱忠義,為逆賊報讐,法當斬!」忠益怒,椎文定仆地。文定求解任,不報。”
  3. ^ ·张廷玉等,《明史》(卷200):“尋遷廣東右布政使。未赴,而世宗嗣位。上忠等罪狀,且曰:「曩忠、泰與劉暉至江西,忠自稱天子弟,暉稱天子兒,泰稱威武副將軍,與天子同僚。折辱命吏,誣害良民,需求萬端,漁獵盈百萬,致餓殍遍野,盜賊縱橫。雖寸斬三人,不足謝江西百姓。今大憝江彬錢寧皆已伏法,三人實其黨與。乞速正天誅,用章國典。」又請發宸濠貲財,還之江西,以資經費;矜釋忠、泰所陷無辜及寧府宗人不預謀者,以清冤獄。帝並嘉納之。”
  4. ^ ·张廷玉等,《明史》(卷200):“論功,進右副都御史,提督操江。嘉靖三年討獲海賊董效等二百餘人,賜敕奬勞。尋謝病歸。六年召拜兵部右侍郎。其冬擢右都御史,代胡世寧掌院事。雲南土酋安銓反,敗參攻黃昭道,攻陷尋甸嵩明。明年,武定土酋鳳朝文亦反,殺同知以下官,與銓合兵圍雲南。詔進文定兵部尚書兼前職,提督雲南、四川、貴州、湖廣軍討之,以侍郎梁材督餉。會芒部叛酋沙保子普奴為亂,幷以屬文定。文定未至雲南,銓等已為巡撫歐陽重]]所破,遂移師征普奴。左都御史李承勛極言川、貴殘破,不當用兵,遂召還,命提督京營。文定至湖廣,疏乞省祭歸。已,四川巡按御史戴金復上言:「叛酋稱亂之初,勢尚可撫。而文定決意進兵,一無顧惜。飛芻輓糧,糜數十萬。及有詔罷師,尚不肯已。又極論土酋阿濟等罪。軍民訛言,幾復生變。臣愚以為文定可罪也。」尚書方獻夫、李承勛因詆文定好大喜功,傷財動眾,乃令致仕。文定忠義自許,遇事敢為,不與時俯仰。芒部之役,憤小醜數亂,欲為國伸威,為議者旁撓。廟堂專務姑息,以故功不克就。九年七月卒於家。天啟初,追諡忠襄。”

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