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大陈岛

大陳島
大陳島在浙江的位置
大陳島
大陳島
大陳島在浙江省的位置
自然地理
坐标28°28′N 121°54′E / 28.46°N 121.90°E / 28.46; 121.90
岛屿数29個島嶼及礁岩
总面積14.6平方公里(5.6平方英里)
管轄
 中华人民共和国
浙江省
台州市
椒江区
大陳鎮
居民
語言吳語

大陈岛,行政上隶属于中华人民共和国浙江省台州市椒江区大陈镇,位于椒江区东南52公里的东海海上。

大陈岛由“上大陈岛”(面积7平方公里)和“下大陈岛”(面积4.89平方公里)组成,同属台州列岛。下大陈岛是大陈镇的驻在地。岛上森林覆盖率达50-60%,为省级海上森林公园。

曾经于1955年以前由中国国民党中华民国政府控制。1955年中国人民解放军进攻该岛,中华民国国军在战役中战败,同年二月中華民國政府撤出该岛,由美军第七舰队护航之下将所有军民撤出大陈岛,史称大陈岛撤退

開闢傳說

明代以前的大陳島並無居民在此定居,但因其鄰近三門灣、台州灣、樂清灣及溫州灣等海域,這裡豐富的海洋資源讓大陳島在魚汛來臨時,便會有來自臨海葭芷、柵浦漁民前往捕魚,也會有黃巖縣金清、下梁兩鎮的漁民來這裡張籠(捉墨魚)。直至明朝萬曆年間,才有來自福建閩江口的漁民夫婦定居大陳島。[1]:32

簡史

大陳島原屬浙江省溫嶺縣,在第二次國共內戰以前是普通的土地,曾被大日本帝國佔領。戰後,共產黨大挫國民黨,中國國民黨與中華民國政府部分遷到臺灣,但仍控制着大陈岛在内的大陸少数岛屿。

1950年代初的台灣海對峙中,軍事地位相對提升,國民黨基於戰備需求,在大陳島修建硬體設施,成果比較顯著的是教育衛生方面。1951年開始推展基礎教育,開辦了許多学校,並成立第一所中學中正中學。1953年衛生所成立,醫療資源和硬體設施的投入,使島上衛生環境和居民衛生習慣明顯改善。

1954年5月7至9日,中華民國總統蔣介石蔣經國和國防部長俞大維等陪同,赴上下大陳島和南麂島巡視防務,慰問國軍,成為蔣最後一次回浙江[2]

1955年1月,中國人民解放軍進攻一江山島,國軍在一江山島戰役中戰敗,使大陳島難守。2月,中華民國國軍撤退,毁壞设施,向台灣撤退,随后人民解放軍進駐大陳島。

1956年1月,时任共青团中央书记处第一书记的胡耀邦温州青年发出「组成志愿垦荒队,开发建设大陈岛」的号召。当年1月31日,首批227名青年登上大陈岛开始了垦荒生活,到1960年共有467名垦荒队员上岛垦荒。2013年1月6日,胡耀邦铜像在大陈岛揭幕[3]

另见

参考资料

  1. ^ 莊, 梓忻. 沉默的傳統「食」行者:花蓮大陳婦女的身體實踐、食物記憶與社群文化保存. 花蓮: 國立東華大學歷史學系. 2017. 
  2. ^ 金延锋. 蒋介石最后一次回浙江时间:为何是在1954年. 百年潮 (2015年4期) (凤凰网). 2016-01-19. 
  3. ^ 胡耀邦铜像在浙江大陈岛揭幕. 中青在线-中国青年报. 2013-01-07. (原始内容存档于2013-01-10). 

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