Thomas Rainforth上尉所率领的第1/第24步兵团(1st/24th Foot)G连在增强守军的接替部队抵达后,奉命前往东南面16公里处的海尔普默卡尔(Helpmekaar)。[14]同日夜晚,临时上校安东尼·邓福德(Anthony Durnford)指挥的第2纵队来到渡口,在对岸的祖鲁领土驻扎。
查德意识到士兵不能在祖鲁军队的持续进攻之下守住北墙,在下午6点命令士兵退到玉米袋筑起的防御阵地,过程中,守军放弃了医院当中的前两个房间。医院开始变成难以防守的据点。守军如果透过射击孔开枪,步枪很有可能被祖鲁士兵夺去。但如果守军对射击孔置之不理,祖鲁士兵又会用自己的枪械,透过射击孔向守军开枪。防守医院的士兵有:威廉·威尔逊·阿伦下士(William Wilson Allen),二等兵科尔(Cole)、邓巴(Dunbar)、希契(Hitch)和霍里根(Horrigan)、约翰·威廉斯(John Williams)、约瑟夫·威廉斯(Joseph Williams)、阿尔弗雷德·亨利·胡克(Alfred Henry Hook)、罗伯特·琼斯(Robert Jones)和威廉·琼斯(William Jones)。
祖鲁军队方面,有351人阵亡,至少500人受伤。罗恩·洛克(Ron Lock)认为,英军可能处决了所有被俘的祖鲁士兵。[38][40]切姆斯福德救援部队之前目睹了伊散德爾瓦納惨状,所以没有对受伤被俘的敌军留情。[41]守军同样如此。纳塔尔骑警的威廉·詹姆斯·克拉克(William James Clarke)中写道:“我们埋葬了375个祖鲁士兵,并且将对方的伤兵投入坑中。在见到医院的伤员被拖出来肢解后...我们的心情非常沉重,所以没有放过受伤的祖鲁士兵。”[38]
B连二等兵塞缪尔·皮特(Samuel Pitt)对西部邮报(The Western Mail)说官方敌军死亡数字太低:“我们估计有875人,但官方会告诉你只有400人至500人。”[38][42][43]切姆斯福德的参谋霍勒斯·史密斯-道伦中尉(Horace Smith-Dorrien)写道,英军在战后临时制作了绞刑架“吊死罪有应得的祖鲁人。”[38]
军事历史学家维克多·戴维斯·汉森(Victor Davis Hanson)在题为“Carnage and Culture”的著作中,声称这场战役展示了西方军事制度的压倒性优势。[52]
注释
^Knight, Ian. Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 1992, pp. 107–108.
^Holme, Norman. The Noble 24th, Savannah Publications, ISBN 1-902366-04-2, 1999, p. 265–369, 383.
^Whybra, Julian. England's Sons, Gift Ltd., 2004, pp. 68–69.
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3. p. 36, NNC included in garrison.
^Estimates vary: Colenso, F.E. History of the Zulu War and Its Origin, London, 1880, p. 305, gives 3,000; Knight, Ian. The Zulu War 1879, Osprey, 2003, ISBN 1-84176-612-7, p. 37, Knight gives: "in excess of 3,000"; Lock, Ron; Quantrill, Peter (2005). Zulu Victory: The Epic of Isandlwana and the Cover-up. Greenhill Books. pp. 231–232. ISBN 1-85367-645-4. gives 3,000, p. 231; Morris, Donald R. The Washing of the Spears, Da Capo Press, 1998, gives over 4,000.
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p. 23.
^Porter, Whitworth (1889), South African Wars, 1847–1885, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, II, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p.33, "17 killed and 10 wounded.". (including one killed by 'friendly fire' while fleeing the garrison at start of the battle)
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p. 88, "First shots of the battle; the Natal Native Horse break before the oncoming Zulus ...".
^Colenso, F.E. History of the Zulu War and Its Origin, London, 1880, p. 305
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996,ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p.23, "The post was guarded by one company of 2/24 ... and a company of the NNC...".
^Estimates vary: Thompson, Paul Singer. Black Soldiers of the Queen: the Natal Native Contingent in the Anglo-Zulu War, University of Alabama Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8173-5368-2 p. 65, gives 100. Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p. 27, gives 100 to 300. Knight, Ian. Greaves, Adrian, (ed.). Redcoats and Zulus, 2004, p. 116.
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p. 25.
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996,ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p. 28, "With 400 men to build them..."
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996,ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p.36.
^ 18.018.1Donald R. Morris The Washing of the Spears, Da Capo Press, 1998, p. 401
^Donald R. Morris The Washing of the Spears, Da Capo Press, 1998, p.370, "played no part in the battle"
^World History of Warfare, By Christon I. Archer (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) University of Nebraska Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8032-1941-5, p.462 "They had a national army of twenty-five thousand men equipped with cowhide shields, assegais and clubs. Lock, Ron; Quantrill, Peter (2005). Zulu Victory: The Epic of Isandlwana and the Cover-up. Greenhill Books, ISBN 1-85367-505-9, p.62, John Shepstone, Acting Secretary for Native Affairs at the time on the Zulu army – "Equipment: Each man carries his shield and assegais, and a kaross or blanket if he possesses one, he may also have a war dress of monkey skins or ox tails, this is all."
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996,ISBN 1-85532-506-3, pp. 33, 38, 39.
^Bourquin, S. Military History Journal, V.4, No.4, The Zulu Military Organization, South African Military History Society, ISSN 0026-4016, Dec. 1978.
^Bourquin, S. section 'War of 1879', subsection 'Weapons'
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3, p. 38, "Although the Zulu position was a commanding one – a squad of good shots armed with efficient rifles could have made Chard's position untenable within minutes – the Zulus were neither good shots, nor well armed."
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3. p.36, and on p.88 this is described by Knight as "the first shots of the battle".
^Morris, Donald R. The Washing of the Spears, Da Capo Press, 1998, p. 401.
^Morris, p. 402. Chadwick, G.A. . Military History Journal, V.4, No.4, The Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, South African Military History Society, ISSN 0026-4016, Jan. 1979. "This reduced the strength of the defenders drastically..."
^Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3. p.45, Corporal Scammell of the NNC is noted as remaining.
^Whybra, Julian. England's Son, Gift Ltd., 2004, gives the most up-to-date analysis of the numbers present at the Battle of Rorke's Drift. He counts 154 definite participants, with 2 others listed as "possibles".
^Whybra, Julian. England's Son, Gift Ltd., 2004, pp. 65–67.
^Porter, Whitworth, South African Wars, 1847–1885, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, II, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. 1889, p. 31.
^Private Henry Hook's account in The Royal Magazine 1905.
^Machanik, Major (Dr) Felix. Military History Journal, V.4, No.6, Firepower and Firearms in the Zulu War of 1879, South African Military History Society, ISSN 0026-4016, Dec. 1979.
^ 38.038.138.238.338.4Private Henry Hook's account in The Royal Magazine 1905. Also Colenso and Crealocke.
^Lock, Ron; Quantrill, Peter (2005). Zulu Victory: The Epic of Isandlwana and the Cover-up. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-645-4, p. 232, "... it is possible that all the Zulu wounded were put to death.".
^Thompson, Paul Singer. Black soldiers of the queen: the Natal native contingent in the Anglo-Zulu War, University of Alabama Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8173-5368-2 p.69
^Edward M. Spiers, The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 1854–1902, Edinburgh University Press, 2006, p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7486-2354-9 Also: Ian Knight, Zulu War, Osprey, 2004, p. 9, "By late 1878 Frere had manipulated a diplomatic crisis with the Zulus..." F.E. Colenso, History of the Zulu War and Its Origin, London, 1880, pp. 261–262, "the terms...are evidently such as he (Cetshwayo) may not improbably refuse, even at the risk of war... to preclude you from incurring the delay...involved in consulting Her Majesty's Government upon a subject of so much importance as the terms..." Also: Ian Knight, Zulu War, Osprey, 2004, p. 11, "... an ultimatum with which, Frere knew, they could not possibly comply."
^Whybra, Julian. England's Sons Gift Ltd., 2004, pp. 71–72.
^Michael Snook, Like Wolves on the Fold (2006) pp. 96–99
^ 48.048.1Julian Whybra (2004) England's Sons p. 72
^Dr. Saul David. Zulu: The True Story. British History in Depth, BBC. [29 September 2011]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-22).
Colenso, F.E. History of the Zulu War and Its Origin, London, 1880.
Military Heritage discussed Rorke's Drift and the politics of the Victoria Cross (Roy Morris Jr., Military Heritage, August 2005, Volume 7, No. 1, p. 8).
Lock, Ron; Quantrill, Peter. Zulu Victory: The Epic of Isandlwana and the Cover-up. Greenhill Books. 2005, ISBN 1-85367-645-4.
Morris, Donald R. The Washing of the Spears: A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879 Da Capo Press, 1998, ISBN 0-306-80866-8.
Knight, Ian, Rorke's Drift 1879, "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole"; Osprey Campaign Series #41, Osprey Publishing 1996, ISBN 1-85532-506-3.
Porter, Whitworth, South African Wars, 1847–1885, History of the Corps of Royal EngineersII, London: Longmans, Green, and Co: 24–43, 18891889 [2008-08-14], (原始内容存档于2016-12-24)
Snook, Lt Col Mike, Like Wolves on the Fold: The Defence of Rorke's Drift. Greenhill Books, London, 2006. ISBN 1-85367-659-4.
Thompson, Paul Singer. Black soldiers of the queen: the Natal native contingent in the Anglo-Zulu War, University of Alabama Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8173-5368-2.