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^Aishah Ahmad Sabki (2018). Pedagogy in Islamic Education: The Madrasah Context. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 16.
^ "AME Info, 26 September 2005". AME Info. Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
^Brown, Nathan J. (September 2011). Post-Revolutionary al-Azhar (PDF). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 4. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
^ Roy, Olivier (2004). Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. Columbia University Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 9780231134996. Retrieved 4 April 2015. "In Egypt the number of teaching institutes dependent on Al-Azhar University increased from 1855 in 1986-7 to 4314 in 1995-6."
^ 10.010.110.210.310.4Sina Dubovoy. Carol Summerfield and Mary Elizabeth Devine (ed.). International Dictionary of University Histories. Taylor & Francis. p. 10.
^ 11.011.1Florin Curta, Andrew Holt (ed.). Great Events in Religion: An Encyclopedia of Pivotal Events in Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 561.
^Bayard Dodge (1961). Al-Azhar: A Millennium of Muslim Learning. Middle East Institute.
^Oliver Leaman, ABDU, MUHAMMAD, The Quran: an Encyclopedia Routledge
^ Jomier, J. "al- Azhar (al-Ḏj̲āmiʿ al-Azhar)." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2010