阿耶波多也在該書中討論正弦函數的概念,稱之為「ardha-jya」,字面上為半弦之意。爾後,人們逐漸將其簡稱為「jya」。爾後其著作從梵文被譯為阿拉伯文,該函數名則被譯成「jiba」。然而,在阿拉伯文書寫體系中母音被省略,於是該詞變成了「jb」。到了12世紀,克雷莫納的杰拉德(英语:Gerard of Cremona)將該書從阿拉伯文翻譯成拉丁文時,因為「jiba」在阿拉伯文中沒有對應的意義而誤以為該字為「jaib」,意為「口袋」或「襞」。於是便譯為拉丁文的對應詞「sinus」,意為「海灣」,最後便演變為如今正弦函數的英文名「sine」。餘弦函數(kojya,英語:cosine)亦是如此[14][15]。
阿耶波多認為,月球與行星並不會自行發光,而是反射太陽光。此外,他也解釋了日月食的成因,說明日食是月球落在地球上的陰影、月食是地球落在月球上的陰影造成的。他也討論了地球陰影的大小和範圍,並計算出日月食的規模。後事的印度天文學家更基於阿耶波多的基礎上,將預測做得更加精確。他們的計算是如此的精確,以至於18世紀科學家紀堯姆·勒讓蒂爾(英语:Guillaume Le Gentil)造訪印度本地治里時發現印度人對1765年8月30日月食的持續時間只比實際短了41秒,而他手上的預測表[b]則長了68秒[7]。
^Cooke, Roger. The Mathematics of the Hindus. History of Mathematics: A Brief Course. 1997: 204(英语). Aryabhata himself (one of at least two mathematicians bearing that name) lived in the late 5th and the early 6th centuries at Kusumapura (Pataliutra, a village near the city of Patna) and wrote a book called Aryabhatiya.
^Get ready for solar eclipe(PDF). National Council of Science Museums, Ministry of Culture, Government of India. [2009-12-09]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2011-07-21) (英语).
^
S. Balachandra Rao. Indian Mathematics and Astronomy: Some Landmarks. Bangalore: Jnana Deep Publications. 1998 [First published 1994]. ISBN 81-7371-205-0.
^Roger Cooke. The Mathematics of the Hindus. History of Mathematics: A Brief Course. Wiley-Interscience. 1997. ISBN 0-471-18082-3. Aryabhata gave the correct rule for the area of a triangle and an incorrect rule for the volume of a pyramid. (He claimed that the volume was half the height times the area of the base.)
^Boyer, Carl B. The Mathematics of the Hindus. A History of Mathematics Second. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991: 207. ISBN 0-471-54397-7. He gave more elegant rules for the sum of the squares and cubes of an initial segment of the positive integers. The sixth part of the product of three quantities consisting of the number of terms, the number of terms plus one, and twice the number of terms plus one is the sum of the squares. The square of the sum of the series is the sum of the cubes.
Kak, Subhash C. (2000). 'Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy'. In Selin, Helaine (编). Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy. Boston: Kluwer. 2000. ISBN 0-7923-6363-9.
Shukla, Kripa Shankar. Aryabhata: Indian Mathematician and Astronomer. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy, 1976.
Achar, Narahari. Āryabhaṭa I. Thomas Hockey; et al (编). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer: 63. 2007 [2015-09-01]. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17). (PDF版 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆))(英文)