陰莖鞘

陰莖鞘（英語：penile sheath^[1]、praeputium^[2]）又稱包皮鞘（英語：preputial sheath^[3]），是指雄性哺乳動物的包皮。幾乎所有的哺乳動物陰莖都有包皮^[4]，不過對於非人類的動物，包皮通常是一個鞘，整個陰莖可以收縮到其中。

各物種的陰莖鞘

無尾熊的包皮含有天然存在的細菌，對受精起著重要作用^[5]。

在一些蝙蝠物種中，包皮含有一種名為附屬海綿體（英語：accessory corpus cavernosus）的勃起組織結構^[6]。

在發情期，雄性大象可能會在陰莖仍在鞘內的情況下排尿，這導致尿液噴灑在後腿上^[7]。

雄性犬有明顯的陰莖鞘^[8]。

雄性馬的陰莖縮肌（英语：retractor penis muscle）能夠收縮，將馬的陰莖（英语：Horse penis）收回陰莖鞘中，放鬆時則可以將陰莖伸展出來^[9]。

雄性花鹿的陰莖鞘很長並沾有尿液。公鹿有時會在用角摩擦樹木時，快速地在其陰莖鞘內來回移動陰莖^[10]。

雄性野牛和黇鹿的陰莖鞘末端有毛髮^[11]。

對囓齒動物而言，包皮的長度與與尿液標記行為有關^[12]。

參見

馬的陰莖鞘清潔（英语：Horse sheath cleaning）
包皮腺（英语：Preputial glands），部分雄性哺乳動物在包皮中的腺體

參考資料

^ Edward C. Feldman. Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2004: 934– [25 April 2013]. ISBN 978-0-7216-9315-6. （原始内容存档于31 December 2013）（英语）.
^ Horst Erich König; Hans-Georg Hans-Georg; H. Bragulla. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas. Schattauer Verlag. 2007 [2019-12-13]. ISBN 978-3-7945-2485-3. （原始内容存档于2016-05-11）（英语）.
^ The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. University of California Press. 1991: 116– [25 April 2013]. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0 （英语）. penile sheath OR penis sheath OR prepuce.
^ Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky. "Prepuce." Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 33-41.（英文）
^ UQ researchers unlock another koala secret. Uq.edu.au. 2001-05-09 [2012-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-12）（英语）.
^ Elizabeth G. Crichton; Philip H. Krutzsch. Reproductive Biology of Bats. Academic Press. 12 June 2000: 104–. ISBN 978-0-08-054053-5 （英语）.
^ Sukumar, pp. 100–08.（英文）
^ George B. Schaller. The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations. University of Chicago Press. 15 October 2009: 329– [10 February 2013]. ISBN 978-0-226-73660-0. （原始内容存档于28 May 2013）（英语）.
^ The Stallion: Breeding Soundness Examination & Reproductive Anatomy. University of Wisconsin-Madison. [7 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-16）（英语）.
^ Valerius Geist. Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour and Ecology. Stackpole Books. 1998 [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-8117-0496-0. （原始内容存档于23 June 2016）（英语）.
^ Fiona Reid. Peterson Field Guide to Mammals of North America: Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 15 November 2006 [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-547-34553-6. （原始内容存档于23 June 2016）（英语）.
^ Maruniak, J. A., Claude Desjardins, and F. H. Bronson. "Adaptations for urinary marking in rodents: Prepuce length and morphology 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2018-07-20.." Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44.3 (1975): 567-570. （英文）

延伸閱讀

Heide Schatten; Gheorghe M. Constantinescu. Comparative Reproductive Biology. John Wiley & Sons. 21 March 2008. ISBN 978-0-470-39025-2 （英语）.
Peter J Chenoweth; Steven Lorton. Animal Andrology: Theories and Applications. CABI. 30 April 2014. ISBN 978-1-78064-316-8 （英语）.
Kristin J. Holtgrew-Bohling. Large Animal Clinical Procedures for Veterinary Technicians. Elsevier Health Sciences. 12 March 2014. ISBN 978-0-323-29035-7 （英语）.
Mating Reflexes. Ardent Media. 1974: 84– [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-8422-7236-0 （英语）.
N. Norman Edward Robinson; Kim A. Sprayberry. Current Therapy in Equine Medicine 6. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2009: 760– [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-1-4160-5475-7 （英语）.
Auguste Chauveau. The Comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. D. Appleton & Company. 1887: 869– [11 May 2013] （英语）. penile sheath OR penis sheath OR preputial sheath OR prepuce.
Richard Doty. Mammalian Olfaction, Reproductive Processes, and Behavior. Elsevier Science. 1 January 1976: 126– [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-323-15450-5 （英语）.
Catherine Lamm; Chelsea Makloski. Theriogenology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. 28 May 2012: 309– [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-1-4557-4447-3 （英语）.
Donald Chapman; Norma Chapman. Fallow Deer: Their History, Distribution, and Biology. Dalton. 1975 [16 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-900963-50-6 （英语）.
David M. Shackleton. Hoofed mammals of British Columbia. UBC Press. 1999 [16 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-7748-0728-9 （英语）.
Leonard Lee Rue. The encyclopedia of deer: your guide to the world's deer species including whitetails, mule deer, caribou, elk, moose, and more. Voyageur Press. 2 August 2004 [16 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-89658-590-4 （英语）.
Heather Smith Thomas. The Cattle Health Handbook: Preventive Care, Disease Treatments & Emergency Procedures for Promoting the Well-being of Your Beef Or Dairy Herd. Storey Pub. 2009 [18 May 2013]. ISBN 978-1-60342-090-7 （英语）.
Thomas J. Divers. Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2008 [18 May 2013]. ISBN 978-1-4160-3137-6 （英语）.
Debra M. Eldredge; Delbert G. Carlson; Liisa D. Carlson; James M. Giffin. Cat Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook. John Wiley & Sons. 7 January 2008 [7 June 2013]. ISBN 978-0-470-22767-1 （英语）.

[Feldman2004-1] Edward C. Feldman. Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2004: 934– [25 April 2013]. ISBN 978-0-7216-9315-6. （原始内容存档于31 December 2013）（英语）.

[KönigHans-Georg2007-2] Horst Erich König; Hans-Georg Hans-Georg; H. Bragulla. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas. Schattauer Verlag. 2007 [2019-12-13]. ISBN 978-3-7945-2485-3. （原始内容存档于2016-05-11）（英语）.

[The_behavior_guide_to_African_mammals:_including_hoofed_mammals,_carnivores,_primates-3] The behavior guide to African mammals: including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. University of California Press. 1991: 116– [25 April 2013]. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0 （英语）. penile sheath OR penis sheath OR prepuce.

[4] Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky. "Prepuce." Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. 33-41.（英文）

[5] UQ researchers unlock another koala secret. Uq.edu.au. 2001-05-09 [2012-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-12）（英语）.

[CrichtonKrutzsch2000-6] Elizabeth G. Crichton; Philip H. Krutzsch. Reproductive Biology of Bats. Academic Press. 12 June 2000: 104–. ISBN 978-0-08-054053-5 （英语）.

[Sukumar100-7] Sukumar, pp. 100–08.（英文）

[Schaller2009-8] George B. Schaller. The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations. University of Chicago Press. 15 October 2009: 329– [10 February 2013]. ISBN 978-0-226-73660-0. （原始内容存档于28 May 2013）（英语）.

[9] The Stallion: Breeding Soundness Examination & Reproductive Anatomy. University of Wisconsin-Madison. [7 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-16）（英语）.

[Geist-10] Valerius Geist. Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour and Ecology. Stackpole Books. 1998 [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-8117-0496-0. （原始内容存档于23 June 2016）（英语）.

[11] Fiona Reid. Peterson Field Guide to Mammals of North America: Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 15 November 2006 [11 May 2013]. ISBN 978-0-547-34553-6. （原始内容存档于23 June 2016）（英语）.

[12] Maruniak, J. A., Claude Desjardins, and F. H. Bronson. "Adaptations for urinary marking in rodents: Prepuce length and morphology 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2018-07-20.." Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44.3 (1975): 567-570. （英文）

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陰莖鞘

各物種的陰莖鞘

參見

參考資料

延伸閱讀

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