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Jacobitisme

Gerakan Jacobit
Pemimpin
Waktu operasi1688–1780s
MarkasBeberapa markas besar:
Wilayah operasiKerajaan Britania Raya dan Kerajaan Irlandia
Ideologi
Sekutu Kerajaan Prancis
Lawan Wangsa Hanover
Pertempuran dan perang

Jacobitisme (/ˈækəbˌtɪzm/ JAK-ə-beye-TIZ-əm;[1][2] bahasa Gaelik Skotlandia: Seumasachas [ˈʃeːməs̪əxəs̪], bahasa Irlandia: Seacaibíteachas, Séamusachas) adalah sebuah gerakan politik di Britania Raya dan Irlandia yang bertujuan untuk merestorasi Raja Stuart Katolik Roma James VII dari Skotlandia, II dari Inggris dan Irlandia, dan para pewarisnya untuk tahta Inggris, Skotlandia dan Irlandia. Gerakan tersebut mengambil nama dari Jacobus, bentuk Latin Renaisans dari Iacomus, bentuk Latin asli dari James. Para pengikutnya memberontak melawan pemerintah Inggris pada beberapa kali antara 1688 dan 1746.

Setelah James II dilengserkan pada 1688 dan digantikan oleh putrinya Mary II, yang memerintah bersama dengan suaminya dan sepupu pertamanya (keponakan James) William III, keluarga Stuart hidup dalam pengasingan, terkadang berupaya untuk merebut tahta. Kekuatan Jacobitisme berada di sebagian Dataran Tinggi Skotlandia dan dataran rendah timur laut Skotlandia, Irlandia dan sebagian Inggris Utara (sebagian dalam county-county Northumberland and Lancashire). Dukungan signifikan juga datang dari Wales dan Irlandia Barat Daya.

Jacobit meyakini bahwa interfensi parlementer dengan garis suksesi tahta Inggris dan Skotlandia bersifat ilegal. Umat Katolik juga berharap keluarga Stuarts akan mengakhiri recusancy. Di Skotlandia, Jacobit tumpang tindih dengan sistem klan.

Lambang Jacobit adalah Cockade Putih. Hari Mawar Putih yang dirayakan pada 10 Juni memperingati kelahiran Pretender Lama pada 1688.

Referensi

  1. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (edisi ke-4). Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin. 2000. hlm. 933. ISBN 0-395-82517-2. 
  2. ^ The Compact Oxford English Dictionary (edisi ke-2). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1991. hlm. 888. ISBN 0-19-861258-3. 

Daftar pustaka

  • Ruvigny and Raineval, Marquis de (Melville Henry Massue) (comp.). The Jacobite Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Grants of Honour. Edinburgh: T. C. & E. C. Jack, 1904.
  • The Lion in the North, John Prebble, Penguin Books 1973
  • Maritime Scotland, Brian Lavery, B. T. Batsford Ltd., 2001, ISBN 0-7134-8520-5
  • Scotland, A Concise History, Fitzroy Maclean, Thames and Hudson 1991, ISBN 0-500-27706-0
  • Bonnie Prince Charlie, Fitzroy Maclean, Canongate Books Ltd. 1989 ISBN 0-86241-568-3
  • The Jacobites, Britain and Europe 1688–1788, Daniel Szechi, Manchester University Press 1994 ISBN 0-7190-3774-3
  • The Myths of the Jacobite Clans, Murray G. H. Pittock, Edinburgh University Press 1995 ISBN 0-7486-0715-3
  • Georgian Monarchy: Politics and Culture, 1714–60, Hannah Smith, Cambridge University Press 2006
  • The Material Culture of the Jacobites, Neil Guthrie, Cambridge University Press 2014 ISBN 9781107041332
  • Jacobite Prisoners of the 1715 Rebellion. Preventing and Punishing Insurrection in Early Hanoverian Britain. Margaret Sankey, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Hampshire, England 2005, ISBN 0-7546-3631-3.

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