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Laporan Vrba–Wetzler

Laporan Vrba–Wetzler
diagram
Sketsa dari laporan: kiri, Auschwitz I menunjukkan pabrik DAW, Siemens dan Krupp; benar, Auschwitz II menunjukkan empat kamar gas dan krematorium.
Nama lainProtokol Auschwitz, Laporan Auschwitz, buku catatan Auschwitz
LokasiTerdiri dari Žilina, Slowakia, 25 April 1944
PartisipanRudolf Vrba dan Alfréd Wetzler
HasilLaporan tersebut mendorong diakhirinya deportasi massal warga Yahudi Hungaria ke Auschwitz, dan menyelamatkan sekitar 200.000 nyawa.
Situs web"Full text of the report",
German Historical Institute.

Laporan Vrba–Wetzler adalah salah satu dari tiga dokumen yang terdiri dari apa yang dikenal sebagai Protokol Auschwitz, atau dikenal sebagai Laporan Auschwitz atau buku catatan Auschwitz. Ini adalah laporan saksi mata setebal 33 halaman tentang kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz di Polandia yang diduduki Jerman selama Holokaus.

Rudolf Vrba dan Alfréd Wetzler, dua orang Yahudi Slowakia yang melarikan diri dari Auschwitz pada 10 April 1944, menulis laporan tersebut dengan tangan atau mendiktekannya, dalam bahasa Slowakia, antara tanggal 25 dan 27 April, di Žilina, Slowakia. Oscar Krasniansky dari Dewan Yahudi Slovakia mengetik laporan tersebut dan sekaligus menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa Jerman.

Sekutu telah mengetahui sejak November 1942 bahwa orang-orang Yahudi dibunuh secara massal di Auschwitz.[1] Laporan Vrba–Wetzler merupakan upaya awal untuk memperkirakan jumlah dan deskripsi paling rinci tentang kamar gas hingga saat itu. Penerbitan sebagian laporan tersebut pada bulan Juni 1944 dianggap membantu membujuk Bupati Hungaria, Miklós Horthy, untuk menghentikan deportasi orang Yahudi Hungaria ke Auschwitz, yang telah berlangsung dengan kecepatan 12.000 orang per hari sejak Mei 1944. Yang pertama terjemahan lengkap laporan tersebut dalam bahasa Inggris diterbitkan pada bulan November 1944 oleh Dewan Pengungsi Perang Amerika Serikat.

Lihat pula

Catatan

  1. ^ "Details Reaching Palestine", The New York Times, 25 November 1942, 10.

Referensi

  • Bauer, Yehuda (1994). Jews for Sale? Nazi–Jewish Negotiations 1933–1945. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • _________ (2002). Rethinking the Holocaust. Yale University Press.
  • Braham, Randolph L. (2000). The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary. Wayne State University Press; first published in 1981 in two volumes.
  • _________ (2011). "Hungary: The Controversial Chapter of the Holocaust", in Randolph L. Braham and William vanden Heuvel (ed.). The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Conway, John (2002). "The Significance of the Vrba-Wetzler Report on Auschwitz-Birkenau", in Vrba, Rudolf. I escaped from Auschwitz. Barricade Books.
  • _________ (1997). "The First Report about Auschwitz", Museum of Tolerance, Simon Wiesenthal Center, Annual 1, Chapter 7.
  • Dwork, Debórah and Van Pelt, Robert Jan (2002). Holocaust: A History. W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Fleming, Michael. (2014a). "Allied Knowledge of Auschwitz: A (Further) Challenge to the 'Elusiveness' Narrative". Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 28 (1), 1 April, 31–57. DOI:10.1093/hgs/dcu014
  • Fleming, Michael (2014b). Auschwitz, the Allies and Censorship of the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gilbert, Martin (1989). "The Question of Bombing Auschwitz", in Michael Robert Marrus (ed.). The Nazi Holocaust: The End of the Holocaust. Part 9. Walter de Gruyter.
  • Hilberg, Raul (2003). The Destruction of the European Jews. Yale University Press; first published 1961.
  • Kárný, Miroslav (1998). "The Vrba and Wetzler report", in Berenbaum and Gutman, op. cit.
  • Klein, George (2011). "Confronting the Holocaust: An Eyewitness Account", in Braham and vanden Heuvel, op. cit.
  • Kranzler, David (2000). The Man Who Stopped the Trains to Auschwitz: George Mantello, El Salvador, and Switzerland's Finest Hour. Syracuse University Press.
  • Lévai, Jenö (1987). Eichmann in Hungary: Documents. Howard Fertig.
  • Phayer, Michael (2000). The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Pressac, Jean-Claude (1989). Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers. The Beate Klarsfeld Foundation.
  • Rees, Laurence (2006). Auschwitz: A New History. PublicAffairs.
  • Świebocki, Henryk (ed.) (1997). London has been informed. Reports by Auschwitz Escapees. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.
  • Szabó, Zoltán Tibori (2011). "The Auschwitz Reports: Who Got Them, and When?" in Randolph L. Braham and William vanden Heuvel. The Auschwitz Reports and the Holocaust in Hungary. Columbia University Press.
  • van Pelt, Robert Jan (2002). The Case for Auschwitz: Evidence from the Irving Trial. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • _________ (2011). "When the Veil was Rent in Twain", in Randolph L. Braham and William vanden Heuvel op. cit.
  • Vrba, Rudolf (2002). I Escaped from Auschwitz. Barricade Books, 2002. First published as I Cannot Forgive by Sidgwick and Jackson, Grove Press, 1963 (also published as Escape from Auschwitz).

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