Matius

Santo

Matius

Rasul dan Penginjil
Santo; Matius; Rasul dan Penginjil
	Lukisan "Rasul Matius Diberi Inspirasi oleh Malaikat" oleh Rembrandt
Rasul, Penginjil, Martir
Lahir	1 Januari, 1 SM
Meninggal	24 Januari; dekat Hierapolis atau Ethiopia
Dihormati di	Gereja Katolik Roma, Gereja Ortodoks, Gereja Katolik Ritus Timur, Gereja Anglikan, Gereja Lutheran
Tempat ziarah	Salerno, Italia
Pesta	Kekristenan Barat: 21 September; Kekristenan Timur: 16 November
Atribut	pemungut cukai
Pelindung	Akuntan

Santo Rasul Matius (bahasa Ibrani: מתי, Modern Mattay Tiberias Mattay ; "Hadiah dari YHWH (=YaHWeH atau TUHAN)" atau Mattithyahu; Septuaginta Bahasa Yunani: Ματθαίος, Matthaios) adalah seorang Kristen yang hidup pada abad pertama Masehi dan termasuk dalam keduabelas murid Yesus, yang dicatat dalam Perjanjian Baru di Alkitab Kristen. Ayahnya bernama Alfeus, dan ia pernah bekerja sebagai seorang pengumpul pajak di Kapernaum. Matius dibicarakan dalam tulisan Kristen awal, terutama tiga Injil Sinoptik. Dia dipercayai, dalam Tradisi Gereja, sebagai penyusun atau sumber utama dari Injil Matius, salah satu dari 4 Kitab Injil dalam Alkitab. Oleh karena itu, dia dikenal pula sebagai Matius Penginjil.

Dia diakui sebagai santo baik dalam Gereja Katolik Roma maupun Ortodoks Timur.

Seperti tiga penulis Injil lainnnya, Matius sering kali digambarkan dalam seni Kristen sebagai pria bersayap, menunjuk ke malaikat yang mendiktenya pada saat dia menulis. Tiga lukisan tentang hidupnya digambar oleh Caravaggio dalam gereja San Luigi dei Francesi di Roma merupakan salah satu karya penting dalam seni Barat.

Identitas

Gambar di gelas berwarna: Santo Matius di St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church di Charleston, South Carolina.

Termasuk salah satu pengikut mula-mula dan rasul Yesus Kristus, Matius awalnya dicatat di Matius 9:9 dan Matius 10:3 sebagai seorang bekas pemungut cukai dari Kapernaum yang dipanggil menjadi salah seorang dari Keduabelas Rasul oleh Yesus sendiri. Di bagian Alkitab lain, ia dimasukkan ke dalam daftar Keduabelas Rasul, tanpa keterangan mengenai latar belakangnya, di Markus 3:18, Lukas 6:15 and Kisah Para Rasul 1:13. Dianggap sama dengan tokoh Lewi, putra Alfeus, yang dicatat dalam Injil Markus^[3] dan Injil Lukas.^[4] Tampaknya ia memungut pajak dari orang Yahudi untuk raja Herodes Antipas.^[5]^[6]^[7] Peristiwa pemanggilannya sebagai rasul oleh Yesus orang Nazaret dicatat dalam 3 Injil.^[3]^[6]^[8]^[9]^[10] Menurut Perjanjian Baru, Matius merupakan salah satu saksi dari kebangkitan dan Kenaikan Yesus.

Sebagai seorang pemungut cukai, Matius diyakini fasih berbahasa Aram dan Yunani.^[5]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Setelah dipanggil menjadi murid, Matius mengundang Yesus datang ke rumahnya dalam satu perjamuan. Melihat itu, para ahli kitab dan orang Farisi mengkritik Yesus karena makan bersama pemungut cukai dan orang berdosa. Yesus menjawab: “Aku datang bukan untuk memanggil yang benar, melainkan orang berdosa.”^[15]

Matius rupanya juga disebut dalam Talmud.^[16]

Pelayanan

Berdasarkan tradisi Kristen, Matius mengabarkan Injil selama 15 tahun di kalangan masyarakat Yahudi di Yudea, dan kemudian berkeliling ke negara lain, termasuk Etiopia, Makedonia, Persia, dan Parthia.^[17] Gereja Katolik Roma dan Gereja Ortodoks mempunyai tradisi bahwa Matius mati syahid.^[13]^[18]

Injil Matius

Meskipun Kitab-kitab Injil sebenarnya tidak mencantumkan nama penulisnya,^[19] secara tradisional Injil Matius diyakini ditulis oleh atau bersumber pada Matius.^[20] Sebagai pejabat pemerintah di Kapernaum, provinsi "Galilee of the Gentiles" (="Galilea, wilayah bangsa asing"), seorang pemungut pajak harus bisa berbahasa Aram dan Yunani.^[21] karena bahasa Yunani adalah bahasa internasional saat itu dalam perdagangan umum.^[22] Sejumlah bapa gereja mencatat bahwa Matius asalnya menulis dalam bahasa Ibrani, tetapi tetap menganggap naskah Injil bahasa Yunani sebagai kanon (naskah resmi).^[23]

Origen menyatakan bahwa Injil yang pertama ditulis oleh Matius.^[24]^[25] Injil Matius dikatakan disusun dalam bahasa Ibrani di sekitar Yerusalem untuk orang-orang Kristen Yahudi (berbahasa Ibrani) dan kemudian diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Yunani. Ada satu naskah bahasa Ibrani asli di "Library of Early centers of Christianity" di Kaisarea. Komunitas "Nazarene" membuat satu salinan untuk Jerome yang digunakannya dalam karya tulisnya.^[26] Injil Matius disebut Injil menurut orang Ibrani atau kadang kala Injil para rasul ^[27]^[28] dan pernah diyakini merupakan naskah asli dari Injil Matius dalam Bahasa Yunani yang ditemukan di Alkitab. Namun ada juga yang mempertanyakan, misalnya Bart Ehrman dan James R. Edwards.^[29]^[30]^[31] ^[32] ^[33]

Jerome menyatakan bahwa Matius oleh kelompok Nazarene dianggap sebagai penulis "Injil Ibrani" untuk kelompok ini.^[34] meskipun Irenaeus dan Epiphanius dari Salamis menganggap naskah ini hanyalah versi lain dari Injil Matius.

Tradisi Islam

*Santo Matius menulis Injil dengan malaikat memegang kitabnya*, sebuah *miniatur* Islam karya **Kesu Das** untuk raja Mughal

Al Quran membahas tentang murid-murid Yesus, meskipun tidak mencatat nama-nama mereka, selain menyebut mereka "para penolong untuk pekerjaan Allah".^[35] Pakar agama Islam dan ahli tafsir Qur'an membuat daftar murid-murid, dimana Matius termasuk di dalamnya.^[36] Eksegesis Muslim memelihara tradisi bahwa Matius, bersama Andreas, adalah dua rasul yang pergi ke Etiopia untuk mengabarkan pesan dari Allah.

Galeri

Jan Sanders van Hemessen: Yesus Memanggil Matius untuk Meninggalkan Kantor Pemungut Cukai (1536)
Michelangelo Caravaggio, Pemanggilan Rasul Matius
Michelangelo Caravaggio, Matius dan Malaikat
Michelangelo Caravaggio, Kemartiran Rasul Matius
Hendrik ter Brugghen, Pemanggilan Matius

Lihat pula

Referensi

^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-07. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-22.
^ "saintm13.htm". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-07. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-22.
^ ^a ^b Markus 2:14
^ Lukas 5:27
^ ^a ^b Werner G. Marx, Money Matters in Matthew, Bibliotheca Sacra 136:542 (April–June 1979):148- 57
^ ^a ^b Encyclopædia Britannica: Saint Matthew the Evangelist
^ The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Matthew
^ Matius 9:9
^ Markus 2:15–17
^ Lukas 5:29
^ Catherine Hezser Jewish literacy in Roman Palestine p172 2001 "Even if they were pious and able to read the Hebrew Bible and/or literate in Greek poetry and prose, the writing they had to do in every day life ... 24 For the evidence of tax receipts amongst the Judaean Desert papyri see section II. "
^ The Cambridge history of Judaism: 2 p192 ed. William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein "We are now touching upon that milieu in which Greek language and civilization were readily accepted in order to ... A great number of tax receipts on ostraca mainly from the second century BCE show how Jews, Egyptians and Greeks.. "
^ ^a ^b "The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Matthew". Studylight.org. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Encyclopædia Britannica: Saint Matthew the Evangelist". Britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Markus 2:17
^ Bernhard Pick, The Talmud: What It Is and What It Knows of Jesus and His Followers, Kessinger Publishing, date? reprint 2006 p. 116
^ Catholic Encyclopedia. "St. Matthew".
^ Eusebius, ''Church History'' 3.24.6. Books.google.ca. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Holman Concise Bible Commentary ed. David S. Dockery -2011 hlm 402 "Strictly speaking, the Gospel of Matthew is anonymous. The titles of the Gospels were not added until the second century. But early church tradition unanimously ascribes this Gospel to Matthew."
^ D. R. W. Wood, New Bible Dictionary, InterVarsity Press, 1996. p 739.
^ Mark A. Chancey Greco-Roman culture and the Galilee of Jesus 2005 p162 "After Galilee was put under direct Roman administration in 44 CE, there would have been greater impetus for members of the upper class who wanted to ... It is easy to demonstrate that Greek was the language of the governmental sphere."
^ W. S. Vorster, J. Eugene Botha Speaking of Jesus: essays on biblical language, gospel narrative 1999 p295 "During that period Sepphoris was the administrative centre in Galilee. In 63 BCE Pompey's legions captured Jerusalem ... still spoken by most Jews, and Hebrew was probably still in use, Greek was the language used in the market-place."
^ Eugène-Jacques Jacquier (1847-1932) Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 Gospel of Matthew "The fact that the Fathers and all ecclesiastical writers, and even the Church itself from the very beginning, have used as canonical the Greek text of the Gospel known as St. Matthew's, not even excepting those who have expressly handed down that the Apostle Matthew wrote in his native tongue, proves for certain that this very Greek Gospel is identical in substance with the Gospel written by the same Apostle in his native language."
^ Eusebius, ''Church History'' 6.25.4. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Jerome, ''Commentary on Matthew'' 2.12. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Jerome, ''On Illustrious Men'' 3. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ John Bovee Dods, ''The Gospel of Jesus'', G. Smith Pub., 1858 pp. iv — vi. Books.google.ca. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Jerome, ''Against Pelagius'' 3.2. Books.google.ca. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.
^ Lihat pula hipotesis dua sumber
^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel & the Development of the Synoptic Tradition, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2009. pp 245-258
^ Bart Ehrman, Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium, Oxford University Press, 1999 p. 43
^ Mills, Watson E., Richard F. Wilson and Roger Aubrey Bullard, Mercer Commentary on the *New Testament, Mercer University Press, 2003, p.942
^ "What they call a Gospel according to Matthew, though it is not entirely complete, but is corrupt and mutilated — and they call this thing 'Hebrew'!" id=rJw3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA129&dq=Ebion+"corrupt+and+mutilated"&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Ebion_"corrupt_and_mutilated"&f=false Panarion, 13. English translation by Frank Williams (Leiden, Brill, 1987)
^ Jerome and the Early Church Fathers
^ Al Qur'an 3:r49-53
^ Historical Dictionary of Prophets In Islam And Judaism, Brandon M. Wheeler, Disciples of Christ: "Muslim exegesis identifies the disciples as Peter, Andrew, Matthew, Thomas, Philip, John, James, Bartholomew, and Simon"

[1] "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-07. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-22.

[2] "saintm13.htm". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-07. Diakses tanggal 2008-08-22.

[Mk2_14-3] Markus 2:14

[4] Lukas 5:27

[Werner_G._Marx_1979-5] Werner G. Marx, Money Matters in Matthew, Bibliotheca Sacra 136:542 (April–June 1979):148- 57

[britannica.com-6] Encyclopædia Britannica: Saint Matthew the Evangelist

[studylight.org-7] The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Matthew

[Matthew_9:9-8] Matius 9:9

[Mark_2:15–17-9] Markus 2:15–17

[Luke_5:29-10] Lukas 5:29

[11] Catherine Hezser Jewish literacy in Roman Palestine p172 2001 "Even if they were pious and able to read the Hebrew Bible and/or literate in Greek poetry and prose, the writing they had to do in every day life ... 24 For the evidence of tax receipts amongst the Judaean Desert papyri see section II. "

[12] The Cambridge history of Judaism: 2 p192 ed. William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein "We are now touching upon that milieu in which Greek language and civilization were readily accepted in order to ... A great number of tax receipts on ostraca mainly from the second century BCE show how Jews, Egyptians and Greeks.. "

[studylight1-13] "The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Matthew". Studylight.org. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[britannica1-14] Encyclopædia Britannica. "Encyclopædia Britannica: Saint Matthew the Evangelist". Britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[15] Markus 2:17

[16] Bernhard Pick, The Talmud: What It Is and What It Knows of Jesus and His Followers, Kessinger Publishing, date? reprint 2006 p. 116

[17] Catholic Encyclopedia. "St. Matthew".

[18] Eusebius, ''Church History'' 3.24.6. Books.google.ca. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[19] Holman Concise Bible Commentary ed. David S. Dockery -2011 hlm 402 "Strictly speaking, the Gospel of Matthew is anonymous. The titles of the Gospels were not added until the second century. But early church tradition unanimously ascribes this Gospel to Matthew."

[20] D. R. W. Wood, New Bible Dictionary, InterVarsity Press, 1996. p 739.

[21] Mark A. Chancey Greco-Roman culture and the Galilee of Jesus 2005 p162 "After Galilee was put under direct Roman administration in 44 CE, there would have been greater impetus for members of the upper class who wanted to ... It is easy to demonstrate that Greek was the language of the governmental sphere."

[22] W. S. Vorster, J. Eugene Botha Speaking of Jesus: essays on biblical language, gospel narrative 1999 p295 "During that period Sepphoris was the administrative centre in Galilee. In 63 BCE Pompey's legions captured Jerusalem ... still spoken by most Jews, and Hebrew was probably still in use, Greek was the language used in the market-place."

[23] Eugène-Jacques Jacquier (1847-1932) Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 Gospel of Matthew "The fact that the Fathers and all ecclesiastical writers, and even the Church itself from the very beginning, have used as canonical the Greek text of the Gospel known as St. Matthew's, not even excepting those who have expressly handed down that the Apostle Matthew wrote in his native tongue, proves for certain that this very Greek Gospel is identical in substance with the Gospel written by the same Apostle in his native language."

[24] Eusebius, ''Church History'' 6.25.4. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[25] Jerome, ''Commentary on Matthew'' 2.12. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[26] Jerome, ''On Illustrious Men'' 3. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[27] John Bovee Dods, ''The Gospel of Jesus'', G. Smith Pub., 1858 pp. iv — vi. Books.google.ca. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[28] Jerome, ''Against Pelagius'' 3.2. Books.google.ca. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-22.

[29] Lihat pula hipotesis dua sumber

[30] James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel & the Development of the Synoptic Tradition, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2009. pp 245-258

[31] Bart Ehrman, Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium, Oxford University Press, 1999 p. 43

[Mills,_Watson_E._2003,_p.942-32] Mills, Watson E., Richard F. Wilson and Roger Aubrey Bullard, Mercer Commentary on the *New Testament, Mercer University Press, 2003, p.942

[books.google.com-33] "What they call a Gospel according to Matthew, though it is not entirely complete, but is corrupt and mutilated — and they call this thing 'Hebrew'!" id=rJw3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA129&dq=Ebion+"corrupt+and+mutilated"&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Ebion_"corrupt_and_mutilated"&f=false Panarion, 13. English translation by Frank Williams (Leiden, Brill, 1987)

[34] Jerome and the Early Church Fathers

[35] Al Qur'an 3:r49-53

[36] Historical Dictionary of Prophets In Islam And Judaism, Brandon M. Wheeler, Disciples of Christ: "Muslim exegesis identifies the disciples as Peter, Andrew, Matthew, Thomas, Philip, John, James, Bartholomew, and Simon"

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Matius

Identitas

Pelayanan

Injil Matius

Tradisi Islam

Galeri

Lihat pula

Referensi

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