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Saadi Shirazi

Muslih-ud-Din Mushrif ibn-Abdullah Shirazi
Saadi di kebun mawar, dari manuskrip Mughal dalam karyanya Gulistan, c. 1645
Lahir1210[1]
Shiraz, Iran
Meninggal1291 atau 1292[1]
Shiraz
AliranPuisi Persia, Sastra Persia
Minat utama
Puisi, Mistisisme, Logika, Etika, Sufisme

Abū-Muhammad Muslih al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Shīrāzī[2] (bahasa Persia: ابومحمد مصلح‌الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی), lebih dikenal dengan nama penanya Saadi (سعدی Saʿdī(Sa'di)), dan juga dikenal sebagai Saadi dari Shiraz (سعدی شیرازی Saadi Shirazi), adalah seorang penyair dan sastrawan Persia[3][4] pada masa pertengahan. Ia dikenal dengan kualitas tulisannya dan pemikiran sosial dan moral yang mendalam. Saadi dikenal secara luas sebagai salah satu penyair terhebat dalam tradisi sastra klasik, sehingga dijuluki "Master of Speech" (استاد سخن) atau "The Master" di kalangan cendekiawan Persia. Ia juga dikutip dalam tradisi Barat.[1]

Biografi

Dilahirkan di Shiraz, Persia, Syekh Sa'adi berhijrah ke Baghdad ketika berusia muda untuk mempelajari sastra Arab dan juga Iptek Islam di An-Nizhamiyyah, Baghdad (1195-1226).

Disebabkan ketidakstabilan keadaan pemerintahan Islam setelah penyerbuan bangsa Mongol, ia menjelajah ke Anatolia, Suriah, Mesir dan Irak. Dalam hasil tulisannya, ia turut menjelajah sejauh India dan Asia Tengah. Sa'adi ini bagaikan Marco Polo yang merantau ke negeri-negeri asing dari tahun 1271 hingga 1294. Perbedaan antara dua tokoh ini ialah Marco Polo menjelajah ke negeri-negeri kaya dan bergaul dengan bangsawan-bangsawan, sedangkan Sa'adi bergaul dengan orang yang selamat dari keganasan bangsa Mongol. Ia bertemu dan berbicara dengan pedagang, petani, pengkhotbah, pengelana, pencuri dan sufi. Sekurang-kurangnya 20 tahun ia melakukan perkara yang sama yaitu memberi khotbah, menasihati masyarakat, menuntut ilmu, dan memperbaiki khotbahnya supaya diisi ilmu-ilmu yang berguna.

Saat pulang ke tempat kelahirannya, Shiraz, ia telah tua. Kepulangan dia dielu-elukan penduduk kota itu. Malahan, pemerintah wilayah Shiraz juga turut mengelu-elukan kepulangannya. Sebagai balasan terhadap budi baik pemerintah Shiraz, ia menggunakan nama pemerintah itu yaitu Sa'adi bin Zangi sebagai nama penanya. Sa'adi juga turut menulis beberapa puisi bagi menghargai layanan baik pemerintah Shiraz ini. Ia kemudian menghabiskan masa tua di kota ini.

Hasil Penulisan

Tulisannya yang terkenal ialah Bostan (Kebun) dari tahun 1257, dan juga Gulistan (Taman Mawar Merah) pada tahun 1258. Kitab Bostan ini adalah kumpulan puisi-puisi dan juga cerita-cerita yang mengisahkan sifat-sifat yang harus ada pada setiap Muslim yaitu adil, rendah diri, murah hati dan tidak tamak. Karya Golestan di dalamnya berbentuk prosa dan mengandung cerita dan peristiwa-peristiwa pribadi. Karya ini diselitkan dengan puisi-puisi pendek yang mengandung aforisme, nasihat dan juga lelucon. Sa'adi juga turut menggambarkan sifat manusia yang tidak mau munasabah.

Pranala luar

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sadi-sirazi
  2. ^ The City – Kathryn Hinds – Google Books. Books.google.com.pk. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-13. 
  3. ^ Encyclopedia Iranica "SAʿDI, Abu Moḥammad Mošarref-al-Din Moṣleḥ b. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Mošarref Širāzi, Persian poet and prose writer (b. Shiraz, ca. 1210; d. Shiraz, d. 1291 or 1292), widely recognized as one of the greatest masters of the classical literary tradition."
  4. ^ Ecyclopaedia Britannica "Saʿdī, also spelled Saadi, byname of Musharrif al-Dīn ibn Muṣlih al-Dīn, (born c. 1213, Shīrāz, Iran—died Dec. 9, 1291, Shīrāz), Persian poet, one of the greatest figures in classical Persian literature."

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