The metaphor of a Golden Age is often invoked for high points of lost knowledge in the mythical past of mankind, also in the context of lost continents such as Lemuria or Mu (also known as Kumari Kandam).
A golden age is a period considered the peak in the history of a country or people, a time period when the greatest achievements were made. The term originated from early Greek and Roman poets, who used it to refer to a time when mankind lived in a better time and was pure (see Golden Age).
The ancient Greek poet Hesiod introduced the term in his Works and Days, when referring to the period when the "Golden Race" of man lived. This was part of fivefold division of Ages of Man, starting with the Golden age, then the Silver Age, the Bronze Age, the Age of Heroes (including the Trojan War), and finally, the current Iron Age.[1] The concept was further refined by Ovid, in his Metamorphoses, into the four "metal ages" (golden, silver, bronze, and iron).[2]
The Golden age as described by Hesiod was an age where all humans were created directly by the Olympian gods. They lived long lives in peace and harmony, and were oblivious of death. The "Golden race" were however mortals, but would die peacefully and in their sleep unmarked by sickness and age.[1] Ovid emphasizes the justice and peace that defined the Golden Age. He described it as a time before man learned the art of navigation, and as a pre-agricultural society.[3] The idea of a Golden age lingered in literature and historical understanding throughout the Greek and Roman periods.[4] It was partly replaced by the Christian Six Ages of the World based on the biblical chronology in the early Middle Ages.[5]
Evolution from period to metaphor
The term "Golden age" has always had a metaphoric element. A few centuries after Hesiod, Plato pointed out that the "Golden race" were not made from gold as such, but that the term should be understood metaphorically.[6] The classical idea of the "metal ages" as actual historical periods held sway throughout the Greek and Roman periods.[4] While supplemented by St. Augustine's "Six Ages of the World", the classical ideas were never entirely eradicated, and it resurfaced to form the basis of division of time in early archaeology.[5]
At the birth of modern archaeology in the 18th century, the "Golden age" was associated with a pre-agricultural society. However, already in the 16th century, the term "Golden age" was replaced by "Stone Age" in the three-age system.[7][8] Still, Rousseau used the term for a loosely defined historical period characterized by the "State of nature" as late as the late 18th century.[9] While the concept of an Iron and Bronze Age are still used by historians and archaeologists, the "Golden age" of Hesiod was a purely mythical period, and has come to signify any period in history where the state of affairs for a specific phenomenon appear to have been on their height, better than in the periods preceding it and following the "Golden Age". It is sometimes still employed for the hunter-gatherer tribal societies of the Mesolithic, but only as a metaphor.[10]
Golden age of Christian monasticism, 8th–12th centuries, its peak being 11th century to early-mid 12th century. Understood to be a golden age in the European continent of strictly religious matters, and not in comparison to other golden ages of the era
Golden Age in Indonesian history from about 1293 to around 1500 when the Hindu–Buddhist Majapahit kingdom in eastern Java, under Gajah Mada, extended its influence to much of southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali.
Second Golden Age of Bulgaria, the prosperity of Bulgarian culture, literature and arts during Emperor Ivan Alexander (1331–1371)
Portuguese Golden Ages
Portuguese Golden Age, 15th century – 1580. Possibly the European power of the time most proficient in sailing[a]
Second Portuguese Golden Age, Brazilian gold rush, late 17th century to 19th century
The history of Malta under the Order of Saint John (1530–1798) is generally considered as a "golden age" of architecture, the arts, health and education, especially between the late 1560s and the early 1770s[15]
The "Golden Age of Britain" is the Victorian era, under Queen Victoria, in the 19th century[b]The Victorian era is often cited as the Golden Age of Britain
Golden Age of Capitalism, a period of rapid growth in the economies of the west, and Japan, from 1945 to 1970. Also used for the Gilded Age of the late 19th century
A golden age is often ascribed to the years immediately following a technological innovation that allows new forms of expression and new ideas. Examples include:
The Golden Age of radio-controlled buggies, 1983–1992. A period when model companies shifted towards practical electric-powered buggies, leading to numerous companies (including toy manufacturers) entering the market and helping it to become the dominant class.
Golden age of hip hop, mid 1980s–mid 1990s a period when hip-hop music was arguably at its creative and artistic peak
Golden age of race queens had enjoyed two eras; the first was the swimsuit clad race queen bubble of the late 1980s to late 1990s[34] and the miniskirted second golden age of race queen of the 2000s, when the influx of models came with the ability to draw the same as or bigger popularity than some of the drivers competing in the events.[35]
At least one technology had its "Golden Age" in its latter years:
A cultural "golden age" can feature in the construction of a national myth.[36]
Genres
Technology and creativity spawn new genres or new surges in the production of literature and the arts. The onset (or dominance or heyday) of a new genre/movement, in popular parlance, becomes its "Golden Age". For example:
Golden age of Swordplay, period of sword skills from the 16th to the 18th centuries
^Boys-Stones, edited by G.R.; Haubold, J.H. (2010). Plato and Hesiod ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0199236343. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^Goodrum, Matthew R. (2008). "Questioning Thunderstones and Arrowheads: The Problem of Recognizing and Interpreting Stone Artifacts in the Seventeenth Century". Early Science and Medicine. 13 (5): 482–508. doi:10.1163/157338208X345759.
^Gräslund, Bo (1987). The Birth of Prehistoric Chronology. Dating methods and dating systems in nineteenth-century Scandinavian archeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ abComenas, Gary (2005). "Blue Movie (1968)". WarholStars.org. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ab"Pornography". Pornography Girl. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2013. The first explicitly pornographic film with a plot that received a general theatrical release in the U.S. is generally considered to be Mona (Mona the Virgin Nymph)...
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento geografia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Vista topografica del pianoro. Il pianoro delle Mascarene è un pianoro oceanico, considerato un vero e proprio continente sommerso, situato a nord-est del Madagascar e che si estende su 2 000 chilometri di lun…
1991 studio album by the WigglesThe WigglesStudio album by the WigglesReleasedAugust 1991[1][2]RecordedFebruary 1991[2]StudioTracking Station Recording Studios, Sydney, Australia[2]GenreChildren's musicLength34:42LabelABC Music/PhonogramProducerAnthony FieldThe Wiggles chronology The Wiggles(1991) Here Comes a Song(1992) The Wiggles is the debut album by the Australian children's band the Wiggles, released in 1991 by ABC Music distributed by Phonogram. As …
Gillo PontecorvoLahir(1919-11-19)19 November 1919Pisa, ItaliaMeninggal12 Oktober 2006(2006-10-12) (umur 86)Roma, ItaliaPekerjaanSutradaraTahun aktif1953–2003 Gillo Pontecorvo (bahasa Italia: [ˈdʒillo ponteˈkɔrvo]; 19 November 1919 – 12 Oktober 2006) adalah seorang pembuat film Italia. Ia bekerja sebagai sutradara selama lebih dari satu dekade sebelum film terkenalnya La battaglia di Algeri (Pertempuran Aljazair, 1966) dirilis. Karena film tersebut, ia dinominasikan pada Os…
Developmental Basketball LeaguePengelolaPT DBL IndonesiaDidirikan2004Negara IndonesiaProvinsiSetiap provinsiLevelSMP dan SMAKomisionerAzrul AnandaPenyiarDBL PlayWebsitehttp://dbl.id Logo DBL saat ini (atas) dan logo DBL lama (bawah) Gelanggang Remaja Pekanbaru dihias dengan atribut DBL Developmental Basketball League (DBL), sebelumnya bernama Deteksi Basketball League, adalah sebuah kompetisi liga bola basket pelajar SMP dan SMA terbesar di Indonesia. Liga ini dimulai pada tahun 2004 di Sur…
12 Cerita Glen Anggara PengarangLuluk HFNegaraIndonesiaBahasaIndonesiaGenre Fiksi Romantis PenerbitCoconut Books (Jakarta)Tanggal terbit2019Halaman360 halamanISBNISBN 978-623-743-907-3 12 Cerita Glen Anggara adalah sebuah novel Indonesia karangan Luluk HF.[1] Novel tersebut merupakan sempalan dari novel Mariposa. Novel tersebut diadaptasi ke dalam bentuk film bernama sama.[2] Alur cerita Glen Anggara, anak tunggal dari keluarga kaya raya yang memiliki kepintaran di bawah rat…
Ewa Kopacz Perdana Menteri PolandiaMasa jabatan22 September 2014 – 16 November 2015PresidenBronisław KomorowskiAndrzej DudaWakilTomasz SiemoniakJanusz Piechociński PendahuluDonald TuskPenggantiBeata SzydłoPemimpin Mimbar KewarganegaraanMasa jabatan8 November 2014 – 26 Januari 2016 PendahuluDonald TuskPenggantiGrzegorz Schetyna Informasi pribadiLahirEwa Lis3 Desember 1956 (umur 67)Skaryszew, PolandiaPartai politikPartai Persatuan Rakyat (Sebelum 1989)Uni Kebebasan (1…
Chinese television series The King's WomanGenreHistorical fictionWuxiaRomanceBased onThe Legend of Qin: Li Ji Story by Wen ShirenWritten byChen HuiruZhu XianzhongDirected byLiu XinStarringDilraba DilmuratVin ZhangLi TaiLiu ChangZhang XuanCountry of originChinaOriginal languageMandarinNo. of episodes48ProductionProduction companiesBeijing HualuBaina Film & TVZhong He MediaBeijing Hua'er Tai HeOriginal releaseNetworkZhejiang TVRelease14 August (2017-08-14) –4 October 2017 (201…
Derek DalyLahir11 Maret 1953 (umur 71)Karier Kejuaraan Dunia Formula SatuKebangsaan IrlandiaTahun aktif1978 - 1982TimHesketh, Ensign, Tyrrell, March, Theodore, WilliamsJumlah lomba64 (49 starts)Juara dunia0Menang0Podium0Total poin15Posisi pole0Lap tercepat0Lomba pertamaGrand Prix AS 1978Lomba terakhirGrand Prix Caesars Palace 1982 Derek Daly (lahir 11 Maret 1953 di Ballinteer, Dublin) adalah mantan pembalap dari Republik Irlandia. Ia memenangkan Formula Tiga Inggris tahun 1977, dan tam…
Moro difoto saat ditangkap BM Aldo Moro (23 September 1916 – 9 Mei 1978) adalah politikus dan Perdana Menteri Italia selama dua kali, antara 1963 hingga 1968, dan kemudian dari 1974 hingga 1976. Dia adalah salah satu perdana menteri yang menjabat terlama di Italia, total masa kekuasaannya melebihi enam tahun. Salah satu pemimpin paling penting dari partai Demokrasi Kristen (DC, artinya Demokrat Kristen), Moro dianggap sebagai seorang intelektual dan mediator yang sangat sabar, kh…
Sophia LatjubaSophia pada tahun 2019LahirSophia Inggriani Latjuba8 Agustus 1970 (umur 53)Berlin Barat, Jerman BaratKebangsaanIndonesiaNama lainSophia MüllerPendidikanSMA Negeri 3 JakartaPekerjaanAktrisModelPenyanyiTahun aktif1987–sekarangSuami/istri Indra Lesmana (m. 1992; c. 1998) Michael A. Villareal (m. 2005; c. 2012) Anak2; termasuk Eva CeliaKarier musikGenrePopInstrumenV…
Untuk perusahaan yang didirikan oleh tokoh ini, lihat Elizabeth Arden, Inc. Elizabeth Arden (1939) Elizabeth Arden (31 Desember 1878 - 18 Oktober 1966) adalah wanita pengusaha asal Kanada yang mendirikan perusahaan kosmetik di Amerika Serikat. Arden dilahirkan sebagai Florence Nightingale Graham di Woodbridge, Ontario, tempat tinggalnya hingga berusia 24 tahun. Setelah tinggal di kota New York mengikuti kakaknya, Arden mendapat pekerjaan sebagai pemegang buku di perusahaan farmasi E.R. Squibb. S…
العلاقات الإيرانية الغامبية إيران غامبيا إيران غامبيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الإيرانية الغامبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إيران وغامبيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة إيران غ…
العلاقات الزيمبابوية الكندية زيمبابوي كندا زيمبابوي كندا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الزيمبابوية الكندية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين زيمبابوي وكندا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة ز…
العلاقات البوتسوانية الكورية الجنوبية بوتسوانا كوريا الجنوبية تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات البوتسوانية الكورية الجنوبية (بالكورية: 보츠와나-대한민국 관계) هي العلاقات الثنائية بين بوتسوانا وكوريا الجنوبية. أقام البلدان علاقات دبلوماسية بتاريخ 18 أبريل عام 1968،…
Traumatic memories in the human mind The management of traumatic memories is important when treating mental health disorders such as post traumatic stress disorder. Traumatic memories can cause life problems even to individuals who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder. They result from traumatic experiences, including natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis; violent events such as kidnapping, terrorist attacks, war, domestic abuse and rape.[1] Traum…
Principle that humans are not privileged observers of the universe Part of a series onPhysical cosmology Big Bang · Universe Age of the universe Chronology of the universe Early universe Inflation · Nucleosynthesis Backgrounds Gravitational wave (GWB) Microwave (CMB) · Neutrino (CNB) Expansion · Future Hubble's law · Redshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metric · Friedmann equations Inhomogeneous cosmology Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the…
الإنترنتمعلومات عامةصنف فرعي من شبكة اتصالات البداية 29 أكتوبر 1969 سُمِّي باسم تشبيك حلَّ محل Bildschirmtext (en) يدرسه دراسات التواصلدراسات الإعلامعلم التفاعل المكتشف أو المخترع فينت سيرفروبرت خان تاريخ هذا الموضوع تاريخ الإنترنت يمارسها internaut (en) تُستخدَم بواسطة internaut (en) يستعمل بر…
Muslim school in Essex County, New Jersey, United States Ahlus Sunnah SchoolAddress215 North Oraton ParkwayEast Orange, Essex County, New Jersey 07017United StatesCoordinates40°45′55″N 74°12′21″W / 40.765173°N 74.205854°W / 40.765173; -74.205854InformationTypeIslamic schoolEstablished1997NCES School IDA9303611[1]PrincipalBrother AminFaculty28 FTEs[1]GradesPreK - 12Enrollment117 (plus 25 in PreK, as of 2017–18)[1]Student to teacher rat…
Cet article concerne la langue hongroise. Pour le peuple hongrois, voir Magyars. Pour les articles homonymes, voir hun. HongroisMagyar nyelv Pays Hongrie, Roumanie, Slovaquie, Serbie, Autriche,Croatie, Ukraine, Slovénie Région Voïvodine Nombre de locuteurs Hongrie : 9 780 000 (2012)[1]Total : 12 552 400[1] Nom des locuteurs magyarophones, hungarophones Typologie SOV + ordre libre, agglutinante, accusative Classification par famille - langues ouraliennes - lan…