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IHeartRadio

Not to be confused with Heart (radio network).

iHeartRadio
Type
Country
  • United States
  • Australia
  • New Zealand
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • Puerto Rico
Headquarters32 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10013[1]
OwneriHeartMedia
Key people
Bob Pittman
(Chairman/CEO, iHeartMedia, Inc.)
Conal Byrne
(CEO, Digital Audio Group, iHeartMedia Inc.)
Greg Ashlock
(CEO, Multiplatform Group, iHeartMedia Inc.)
Launch date
August 1, 2008; 15 years ago (2008-08-01)
Former names
iheartmusic.com
Affiliation(s)
Official website
IHeartRadio

iHeartRadio (often shortened to just "iHeart") is an American freemium broadcast, podcast and radio streaming platform owned by iHeartMedia.[2][3] It was founded in August 2008. As of 2019, iHeartRadio was functioning as the national umbrella brand for iHeartMedia's radio network, the largest radio broadcaster in the United States with 128 million registered users as of 2019.[4] Its main competitors are Audacy, TuneIn and Sirius XM.[5]

iHeartMedia built its national event franchise around the iHeartRadio consumer brand including the iHeartRadio Music Festival, the iHeartRadio Music Awards, iHeartRadio Jingle Ball Tour, iHeartRadio Country Festival, iHeartRadio Fiesta Latina, iHeartRadio Wango Tango and iHeartRadio ALTerEgo.

History

iHeartRadio is owned by iHeartMedia, which was rebranded from Clear Channel in 2014.[6] Prior to 2008, Clear Channel Communications' various audio products were decentralized. Individual stations streamed from their own sites (or, in many cases, did not owing to voluminous syndication and local advertising clearance issues), and the Format Lab website provided feeds of between 40 and 80 networks that were used primarily on Clear Channel's HD Radio subchannels, many of which transitioned to iHeartRadio unchanged.[citation needed] In August 2008, Clear Channel launched the iHeartMusic website, featuring entertainment news, national news, music content including albums, singles on demand, music videos, and access to over 750 Clear Channel radio stations online.

On October 7, 2008, Clear Channel Radio launched the first version of iHeartRadio to the Apple iPhone and iPod Touch through the App Store. Twelve radio stations in 8 markets were included in this first release.[7][8] In 2009, iHeartRadio was made available to BlackBerry devices and the Android operating system[9][10][11] and then Sonos[12] in 2010. September 2011 marked the official launch of the free, all-in-one iHeartRadio service featuring thousands of live radio stations and custom artist stations.[13] The launch coincided with the inaugural iHeartRadio Music Festival, the annual two-day event hosted by Ryan Seacrest at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas.[14]

The app was expanded to the Xbox 360[15] and webOS.[16] On April 20, 2012, iHeartRadio launched on the iPad.[17] On June 8, 2012, iHeartRadio concluded a deal to power Yahoo! Music's Radio service, previously powered by CBS Radio.[citation needed]

In mid-October 2012, iHeartRadio launched online audio news, weather and traffic streams for Tampa, Chicago, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, San Diego, New York City, and 15 other metropolitan cities, branded as "24/7 News".[18] On March 1, 2013, iHeartRadio was added to the Roku digital media receiver.[19] As of 2019, the app was available on more than 250 devices and platforms.[20]

In July 2013, iHeartRadio began adding stations from outside the United States like CHUM-FM and CFBT-FM in Canada and Virgin Radio Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.[21] On July 14, 2013, iHeartRadio launched in New Zealand and Australia.[22]

On July 24, 2013, iHeartRadio launched a new talk radio feature: iHeartRadio Talk. It featured original on demand programming from celebrities like Ryan Seacrest and allowed users to upload their own content through Spreaker.[23] In 2014, the iHeartRadio Talk feature was rebranded to "Shows & Personalities" and in 2016 the feature became known simply as "Podcasts".

On November 10, 2015, iHeartRadio launched a spin-off app known as iHeartRadio Family—a curated experience targeting children. It features a simplified interface and a selection of age-appropriate stations (such as Radio Disney, and stations curated by artists and personalities popular among the demographic). Build-A-Bear Workshop served as a launch sponsor for the app, which included the addition of a "Build-a-Bear Workshop Radio" channel in the app.[24][25]

During the 2016 iHeartRadio Music Festival, iHeartMedia announced subscription based on demand services "iHeartRadio Plus" and "iHeartRadio all Access powered by Napster".[26] On December 1, 2016, iHeartMedia launched the services in beta on iOS and Android to the American users.

iHeartRadio launched in Canada on October 7, 2016, in association with Bell Media.[27]

In 2017, iHeartRadio expanded Plus and All Access to other platforms including desktop[28][29][30] in January 2017 at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES).

iHeartRadio launched in Mexico on October 29, 2018, in association with Grupo ACIR.[31]

In 2018, iHeartMedia, aiming to cut its debt of around $20 billion in half, filed for what was described as the largest bankruptcy of that year and the 30th largest ever.[32] The Los Angeles Times observed at the time that "About 265 million people in the U.S. still tune in to iHeart's stations at least once a month, but newer media such as Spotify's streaming service and SiriusXM's satellite broadcasts have cut into the audience and put a damper on sales."[32]

From the start of service, many of its own radio stations that identified with a callsign and the metro area they serve have the end tag that identifies them as "An iHeartRadio Station", or for live national music stations such as Eclectic Rock or iHeart80s, their end tags identify them as "An iHeartRadio Original Station" (they also ID the HD2/HD3 stations that simulcast). Though starting in 2019, iHeartRadio introduces its own "Sonic Logo", a five-note sounder with two heartbeats at the end. It includes specific variations (including vocal versions) for different formats or productions.[33]

In early 2020, iHeart fired "dozens" (estimated by one newspaper as "hundreds ... across its more than 850 radio stations"[34]) of its then 12,500 employees at a time when the company, bankrupt,[32] was viewed as being considered for purchase by Liberty Media.[35] iHeart described these layoffs as being technology-driven.[36]

On April 23, 2020, the iHeartRadio app was launched in association with Uno Radio Group, which owns the NotiUno, Salsoul, Fidelity and Hot 102 brands in Puerto Rico.

On December 1, 2021, iHeartRadio signed a deal with Roku to bring a dozen of their live radio stations to The Roku Channel's live TV lineup in the form of FAST channels. The ad-supported stations (which include iHeartCountry, Alt Radio, The Beat (now Hip-Hop Beats), Classic Rock, Hit Nation, Latino Hits, iHeart80s, and iHeart90s as well as select holiday-themed stations when available) are to feature imagery to complement and enhance the audio experience, similar in fashion to Music Choice on digital cable and satellite TV.[37]

On September 27, 2023, the Minnesota Timberwolves and Lynx announced that their radio broadcasts would move to the iHeartRadio app. Every game would air on the app, while the majority of Lynx games and select Timberwolves games would be simulcast on co-owned KFXN-FM.[38]

Acquisitions

In September 2018, iHeartMedia announced it would acquire Stuff Media, LLC, a U.S. for-profit publisher of podcast content listeners, which included the HowStuffWorks podcasting business division as well as its slate of premium podcast content, for $55 million. With Stuff Media and iHeartMedia having had around 5.3 million and 5.6 million monthly listeners beforehand, respectively (according to Podtrac), the acquisition increased iHeart's lead as largest commercial podcast publisher, although it was still trailing behind NPR.[39]

As of 2022, iHeartRadio is now the leading podcast publisher on Podtrac, with over 400 million downloads each month.[40] In November 2018, iHeart also bought Jelli.[41] In October 2020, it was announced that the company would acquire Voxnest, the parent company of Spreaker, a podcast hosting company.[42][43] iHeart has since also bought Triton Digital from Scripps.[44]

Investments

In February 2022, iHeartMedia invested in Sounder.[45]

Availability and supported devices

iHeartRadio is[when?] available in Australia, Canada, the United States, Puerto Rico, Mexico and New Zealand [46] but blocks access from others such as Britain. It is[when?] available across 250 device platforms including online, and via automobiles, gaming consoles, home audio, mobile smartphones and tablets, TVs, and WatchOS.[47]

Functionality and rating system

Listeners can hear live radio stations, personalized music stations, create playlists, listen to podcasts and more. The iHeartRadio player has a Like/Dislike (Thumbs Up/Thumbs Down) rating tool used on songs playing on live and customized radio stations. "Liking" or "disliking" songs for all live stations provides feedback to the station being played. "Liking" a song on customized stations will have it and songs like it played more often. "Disliking" a song on customized stations means that song will not be played again.[48] This data is used to personalize users' "My Favorites Radio" station. As My Favorites Radio learns a user's music taste over time, it adds various bonus tracks into the mix. Songs can easily be removed from the station.

For a time since the service's beginnings until 2020, iHeartRadio had a "Discovery Tuner" to the custom stations where listeners could adjust the tuner to play familiar songs – or select "Less Familiar" to play a wider variety – or "Mixed".

United States

iHeartRadio offices in San Francisco

In 2019, The New York Times described iHeartRadio as the largest radio broadcaster in the United States, with 848 terrestrial stations.[5] They aggregate over 850 local iHeartMedia radio stations across the United States, as well as hundreds of other stations from various other media.[49] It includes more than 250,000 podcasts, offers a Music recommender system and on-demand functionality, and allows listeners to save and replay songs from live broadcasts in digital playlists.[citation needed] The on-demand features require a subscription fee. iHeartRadio is available across more than 250 platforms and 2,000 devices including smart speakers, digital auto dashes, tablets, wearables, smartphones, virtual assistants, TVs and gaming consoles.[citation needed]

International

Australia & New Zealand

Before 2014, iHeartRadio operated Australian Radio Network as a joint venture with APN News and Media but now operates an Australian version wholly owned by ARN Media. New Zealand assets are now licensed by NZME.

Canada

See also: Bell Media Radio

On January 6, 2016, iHeartMedia announced that the iHeartRadio service would expand into Canada as part of a licensing deal with Bell Media. The company described the Canadian version of the service as being a "franchised" operation; Bell handles Canadian music licensing, marketing, and distribution of the service, and provides content from its properties. Bell also gained rights to organize Canadian versions of the company's branded events, such as the Jingle Ball,[50] and co-branded the annual awards show organized through its cable channel Much as the iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards.[51][30][52][53]

The service went live in Canada on October 7, 2016, and on December 4, 2017, additional features were added to the service, including podcasts, additional stations, and a deal with Evanov Radio Group to add its stations to the service.[54][55] Stingray Radio similarly joined in June 2023.[56] Its main competitor is Radioplayer Canada, which is backed by a consortium of other Canadian radio broadcasters.[56]

México

iHeartMedia announced iHeartRadio's expansion to Mexico on October 29, 2018, through an exclusive partnership with Grupo ACIR, a Mexican broadcasting company. iHeartRadio México includes all 56 Grupo ACIR and 850 iHeartMedia live broadcast radio stations from across México and the U.S., including music, news/talk, comedy and sports content.[57] Through the expansion, listeners also have access to all of iHeartMedia's exclusive digital-only iHeartRadio Original stations spanning all genres of music, as well as Grupo ACIR's own offer of digital-only stations featuring the most popular genres in México. Users can also access the top English and Spanish language podcasts and on-air personalities.[31]

iHeartRadio Theater

As of around 2017, iHeartRadio was regularly hosting performances at the iHeartRadio Theaters in Los Angeles and New York.[58][59]

The iHeartRadio Theater located in New York[60] at 32 Avenue of the Americas is a ground floor 250-seat theater which formerly was called the P. C. Richard & Son Theater;[61] PC Richard sponsors them.[62]

The iHeartRadio Theater in Los Angeles opened under that name in 2013.[63][59]

See also

References

  1. ^ "iHeartRadio – Real & Custom Radio Stations". iHeartRadio official website. iHeartMedia, Inc. San Antonio, TX. 2013. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2013. Hear all your favorite music and radio, free. Listen online or download the iHeartRadio. App.
  2. ^ "Company Overview of iHeartMedia and Entertainment, Inc". Business Week. Bloomberg LP. 2023. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved September 20, 2014. On September 16, 2014, Clear Channel Broadcasting, Inc. changed its name to iHeartMedia and Entertainment, Inc.
  3. ^ "iHeartRadio". iHeart. July 24, 2021. Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2021.
  4. ^ Smith, Craig (June 25, 2015). "20 Amazing iHeartRadio Statistics". DMR. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  5. ^ a b Ben Sisario; Michael J. de la Merced (April 3, 2019). "The Radio Giant iHeartMedia Prepares for Possible I.P.O." The New York Times.
  6. ^ Sisario, Ben (September 16, 2014). "Clear Channel Renames Itself iHeartMedia in Nod to Digital". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  7. ^ "No AM/FM receiver required: Clear Channel brings top radio stations to Apple iPhone, iPod touch". Macdailynews.com. October 13, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  8. ^ iHeartRadio iPhone App reaches 1 million downloads. "iHeartRadio iPhone App reaches 1 million downloads". Orbitcast. Archived from the original on April 28, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "IHeartRadio, Launches Streaming Radio Application!". CrackBerry.com. March 16, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  10. ^ Wauters, Robin (December 24, 2009). "Clear Channel Radio Debuts Android Version of iheartradio App". TechCrunch. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  11. ^ "MediaPost Publications – Home of MediaDailyNews, MEDIA and OMMA Magazines". December 29, 2011. Archived from the original on December 29, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  12. ^ Taub, Eric A. (May 20, 2010). "An Upgrade for Sonos". The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
  13. ^ "Clear Channel's iHeartRadio takes on Pandora". USA Today. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  14. ^ "iHeartRadio: Lady Gaga, Jennifer Lopez, Kenny Chesney Close Out Music Festival (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  15. ^ "iHeartRadio on Xbox 360". www.xbox.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  16. ^ Palm (July 3, 2011). "iHeartRadio palm webOS application". Archived from the original on October 1, 2013.
  17. ^ "Clear Channel Radio Releases iheartradio App For iPad On The App Store". Clear Channel Radio. April 20, 2012. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013.
  18. ^ IHeartRadio Adds Local News Streams For 20 Cities – RadioInsight.com (released October 18, 2012)
  19. ^ Roku Channel Store: iHeartRadio Retrieved March 1, 2013
  20. ^ "iHeartRadio – iHeartRadio News & Entertainment". iHeartRadio. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  21. ^ "IHeartRadio Launches International Suite". RadioInsight. July 7, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  22. ^ "iHeartRadio Launches in New Zealand". scoop.co.nz. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  23. ^ "Clear Channel Launches iHeartRadio Talk, Letting Everyone From Jimmy Kimmel To Joe Six Pack Be Heard". July 24, 2013.
  24. ^ "iHeartMedia Launches iHeartRadio Family Music Streaming App". Adweek. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  25. ^ Ifeanyi, KC (November 10, 2015). "The iHeartRadio Family App Is Here, With Help From 30 Kids And A "Bug Bash"". Fast Company.
  26. ^ "iHeartRadio All Access". iHeartRadio. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
  27. ^ "Bell Media officially launches iHeartRadio". Media in Canada. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  28. ^ "iHeart officially rolls out its Spotify rival". CNET. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  29. ^ McIntyre, Hugh. "iHeartRadio Launches On-Demand Streaming Apps To Compete With Spotify". Forbes. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  30. ^ a b "Rob Farina Talks 1M Apps, Radio & iHeartRadio". FYIMusicNews. May 10, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
  31. ^ a b Glicksman, Josh (October 29, 2018). "iHeartRadio Launching in Mexico Following Pact With Grupo ACIR". Billboard. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  32. ^ a b c "IHeartMedia, largest U.S. radio station operator, files for bankruptcy to cut huge debt load". The Los Angeles Times. March 15, 2018.
  33. ^ iHeartMedia – Sonic Logo – iHeartMedia (accessed April 4, 2022)
  34. ^ Chris Foran (January 14, 2020). "V100's Reggie Brown, Madison sports-talk host Mike Lucas among the hundreds laid off at iHeartMedia stations nationwide". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Industry reports estimate the cuts could total more than 1,000 jobs more to come this week
  35. ^ James Leggate (January 15, 2020). "iHeartRadio owner lays off dozens including popular hosts". Fox Business.
  36. ^ Paul Resnikoff (January 15, 2020). "iHeartRadio Just Replaced Hundreds of Human Workers With 'Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI)".
  37. ^ iHR Brings Free Music Stations to Roku's Live TV Guide – Radio Online (published December 1, 2021)
  38. ^ "Timberwolves, Lynx and iHeartMedia Minneapolis Announce Multidimensional Streaming and Radio Partnership". www.nba.com. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  39. ^ Mullin, Anne Steele and Benjamin (September 13, 2018). "iHeartMedia Buys Stuff Media for $55 Million". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved May 16, 2022. iHeartMedia's existing podcasting business [...] already has an audience of more than 5.6 million monthly listeners, according to podcasting-analytics firm Podtrac. The acquisition increases iHeart's lead among a group of publishers in terms of audience, though it still trails No. 1 NPR. [...] Stuff Media [...] is the fifth-largest podcasting company by audience size, according to Podtrac, with nearly 5.3 million monthly listeners.
  40. ^ "REVISED: November 2022- Top Podcasts, Publishers and Sales Networks". Podtrac. December 19, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  41. ^ "iHeartMedia to acquire radio adtech company Jelli". TechCrunch. November 19, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  42. ^ "iHeart Purchases Spreaker's Parent Company Voxnest". Radio Ink. October 23, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
  43. ^ "iHeartMedia To Acquire Voxnest". iheartmedia.azurewebsites.net. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  44. ^ Spangler, Todd (February 17, 2021). "iHeartMedia to Acquire Audio Ad-Tech Firm Triton Digital From Scripps for $230 Million". Variety. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  45. ^ Chan, J. Clara (February 16, 2022). "iHeartMedia Invests in Podcast Platform Sounder From Former Spotify, Google Executives". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
  46. ^ "Is iHeartRadio available in my country?". iHeartRadio. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  47. ^ "Get the iHeartRadio App". iHeartRadio. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  48. ^ "Editing your thumbs on iHeartRadio.com". Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  49. ^ with companies such as Cumulus Media, Cox Radio and Beasley Broadcast Group also using this service
  50. ^ "Jingle Ball North Comes To Toronto On December 9th". All Access. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  51. ^ "iHeartRadio Beach Ball bounces into PNE". Vancouver Sun. August 31, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  52. ^ "iHeartRadio joins Canada's streaming market through partnership with Bell". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  53. ^ Vlessing, Etan (April 8, 2016). "Nick Jonas to Perform at iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  54. ^ "iHeart boosts app in Canada with 10x the stations". Cartt.ca. Retrieved December 8, 2017.[permanent dead link](subscription required)
  55. ^ "iHeartRadio Canada Releases Revamped, Enhanced App". All Access. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
  56. ^ a b Thiessen, Connie (June 5, 2023). "Stingray Radio signs on to iHeartRadio Canada app". Broadcast Dialogue. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  57. ^ "iHeartRadio Is Now Available in México". www.iheartmedia.com. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
  58. ^ "Review: John Mellencamp triumphs at iHeartRadio Theater in New York (Includes first-hand account)". April 28, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  59. ^ a b John Salangsang (April 25, 2015). "A Rapid Rise by Shawn Mendes, in Tune With Social Media". The New York Times.
  60. ^ "Zayn Starts Off His Solo Career With a No. 1 Album". The New York Times. April 4, 2016.
  61. ^ "Nosy Neighbor: P.C. Richard & Son Theater". Tribeca Citizen. November 8, 2010. Archived from the original on July 10, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  62. ^ "iHeartRadio Theater". QRO Magazine. December 4, 2009. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  63. ^ "Katy Perry to open Clear Channel's iHeartRadio Theater Los Angeles". The Los Angeles Times. October 3, 2013. at Burbank Studios in the former home of "The Tonight Show"

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American TikToker, activist, and home repair educator Mercury StardustBorn (1987-12-08) December 8, 1987 (age 36)Madison, WisconsinOther namesTrans Handy Ma'amOccupation(s)Home repair educator, TikToker, activist, burlesque performerYears active2021–presentTikTok informationPage Mercury Stardust Followers2.4 millionLikes67 millionLast updated: January 4, 2024 Websitemercurystardust.com Mercury Suzanne Stardust (born December 8, 1987)[1] is an American author, TikToker, t…

The Web (film)

1947 film by Michael Gordon The WebTheatrical release posterDirected byMichael GordonScreenplay byWilliam BowersBertram MillhauserStory byHarry KurnitzProduced byJerry BreslerStarringElla RainesEdmond O'BrienWilliam BendixVincent PriceCinematographyIrving GlassbergEdited byRussell F. SchoengarthMusic byHans J. SalterColor processBlack and whiteProductioncompanyUniversal International PicturesDistributed byUniversal PicturesRelease date May 25, 1947 (1947-05-25) Running time87 minu…

Ocean Worlds Exploration Program

NASA program for the exploration of water worlds in the Solar System Two possible models of Europa The Ocean Worlds Exploration Program (OWEP) is a NASA program[1] to explore ocean worlds in the outer Solar System that could possess subsurface oceans to assess their habitability and to seek biosignatures of simple extraterrestrial life. Prime targets include moons that harbor hidden oceans beneath a shell of ice: Europa, Enceladus, and Titan. A host of other bodies in the outer Solar Sys…

العلاقات الإكوادورية الإسبانية

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Derg

Pemerintah Sosialis Militer Sementara Ethiopiaየኅብረተሰብአዊት ኢትዮጵያ ጊዜያዊ ወታደራዊ መንግሥትye-Hebratasabʼāwit Ītyōṗṗyā Gizéyāwi Watādarāwi Mangeśt1974–1987 Bendera Lambang Lagu kebangsaan: Ītyoṗya, Ītyoṗya, Ītyoṗya, qidä mī ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ ቂዳ ሚEthiopia, Ethiopia, Ethiopia menjadi yang pertama Ibu kotaAddis AbabaBahasa yang umum digunakanAmharAgama Kristen, Islam, Yahudi…

Sejarah Mesir

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Bagian dari seri mengenai Sejarah Mesir Mesir Prasejarahpra–3100 SM Mesir Kuno Periode Dinasti Awal3100–2686 SM Kerajaan Lama2686–2181 SM Perio…

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