Based on Miyazaki's manga of the same name, The Wind Rises portrays a fictionalised account of the life of Japanese aeronautical engineer Jiro Horikoshi, in particular his engineering career from his time at the University of Tokyo in 1923 to the completion of the Mitsubishi A5M in 1936. Juxtaposed with the historical events is a fictional romance of Horikoshi's, inspired by the similarly-named semi-autobiographical novel The Wind Has Risen by Tatsuo Hori. The film was originally intended to be Miyazaki's final feature film,[5][6] before Miyazaki reversed his decision and eventually directed The Boy and the Heron.[7][8]
In 1916, a young Jiro Horikoshi longs to become a pilot, but his nearsightedness prevents it. Inspired by a magazine, he begins having recurring dreams of flying with his idol, Italian aircraft designer Giovanni Battista Caproni, aboard the Caproni Ca.60. Caproni tells him that he has never flown a plane in his life, and that building planes is better than flying them. Seven years later, following the real Ca.60's failure, Jiro is an aeronautical engineering student at Tokyo Imperial University. While traveling home from a visit with family, he meets a young girl, Nahoko Satomi, traveling with her maid Kinu. The Great Kantō earthquake suddenly hits, and Kinu's leg is broken. Jiro helps Nahoko carry her to Nahoko's family home, leaving without exchanging names.
In 1925, Jiro graduates with his friend Kiro Honjo, and both are employed at aircraft manufacturer Mitsubishi amidst the Great Depression. They are assigned to perfect a fighter plane, the Mitsubishi 1MF9, for the Imperial Army. During a test, it breaks apart in midair and is rejected. Pivoting their plans, Mitsubishi sends Jiro and Honjo to the Weimar Republic in 1929 to obtain a production license for a Junkers G.38 aircraft, intending to build a bomber. Although Hugo Junkers welcomes them, the two men are blocked from obtaining complete plans by the Sicherheitspolizei. With them and their coworkers discouraged by how far back Japan's aeronautics technology is from the rest of the world, Jiro returns to Japan, while Honjo stays and eventually develops the Mitsubishi G4M.
In early 1932, Jiro is promoted to chief designer for a fighter plane competition sponsored by the Imperial Navy, but his design, the Mitsubishi 1MF10, fails testing in 1933 and is rejected. Disappointed, he goes to a summer resort in Karuizawa to rest. There he reunites with an adult Nahoko, who has been searching for him since they first met. The two quickly develop a romance, assisted by a German tourist named Hans Castorp. Critical of Nazi Germany, Castorp privately tells Jiro that Adolf Hitler has apprehended Junkers for resisting Nazism, and that Germany must be stopped from declaring another world war.
Later, Nahoko is diagnosed with tuberculosis, so Jiro asks Nahoko's father for his blessing to marry her, and the two are engaged. However, Nahoko wishes to wait until she recovers to marry. Castorp soon flees arrest from the Special Higher Police; wanted in connection with Castorp, Jiro hides at his supervisor Kurokawa's home while he works on a new fighter aircraft project for the Imperial Navy. Jiro eventually leaves when Nahoko suffers from a pulmonary hemorrhage. After Jiro briefly tends to her, Nahoko decides to check into a mountain sanatorium to recover, but cannot bear being apart from Jiro and returns to be with him. Kurokawa and his wife marry the two and allow Nahoko to stay in their home with her father's permission. Jiro's sister Kayo, a doctor, warns Jiro that his marriage to Nahoko will end tragically as tuberculosis is incurable. Though Nahoko's health deteriorates, she and Jiro enjoy their fleeting time together.
Jiro leaves for the test flight of his new prototype aircraft, the Mitsubishi A5M. Knowing that she will die soon, Nahoko leaves farewell letters for Jiro, her family, and friends and discreetly leaves the house in a vain attempt to return to the sanatorium. At the test site, Jiro is distracted from his success by a gust of wind, suggesting Nahoko's passing.
In 1945, after Japan has lostWorld War II, Jiro dreams of Caproni again, regretting that his aircraft was used for war. Caproni comforts him, saying that Jiro's dream of building beautiful aircraft was nonetheless realized. Nahoko appears, encouraging her husband to live his life to the fullest. After her spirit departs, Jiro and Caproni walk together into their shared kingdom of dreams.
The film's title comes from the poetic line: "Le vent se lève!... Il faut tenter de vivre! ("The wind rises!... We must try to live!")" ' — Paul Valéry, "Le Cimetière Marin" (The Graveyard by the Sea).[12][13]
Miyazaki began to conceive a story to illustrate the life of Jiro Horikoshi in 2008.[16] He published the story as a manga series in the Model Graphix magazine's April 2009 to January 2010 issues as a continuation of his Delusional Notes series, and it was collected into one volume in October 2015.[17] The title is an allusion to Paul Valéry's 1920 poem "Le Cimetière Marin" (The Graveyard by the Sea).[18] The film also references Tatsuo Hori's 1937 semi-autobiographical novel The Wind Has Risen (風立ちぬ?),[19] and uses visuals to depict Hori's words.[16] The manga portrayed certain characters as anthropomorphized pigs, employing a design reminiscent of that seen in Miyazaki's film Porco Rosso (1992).[20]
The story in the manga follows the historical account of Horikoshi's aircraft development up to 1935 (the year of the Mitsubishi A5M's maiden flight),[21] and intertwines with fictional encounters with Caproni and Nahoko Satomi (里見菜穂子?).[22] The scenes with Nahoko in the manga included elements from the novel The Wind Has Risen,[16] in which Tatsuo Hori wrote about his life experience with his fiancée, Ayako Yano (矢野綾子?), before she died from tuberculosis. The name Nahoko Satomi was created from the female protagonist of another novel by Tatsuo Hori, Nahoko (菜穂子?).[23]
Characters frequently discuss Thomas Mann's novel The Magic Mountain, and, in a letter to Nahoko, Jiro names his fleeing German friend "Mr. Castorp" after its protagonist.[24][25] The character himself is a caricature of Stephen Alpert, who was once the executive director of Ghibli's international division. He left the company in 2011 for personal reasons, but was instrumental in Ghibli's overseas expansion. He was asked to return to Japan to model for the character's appearance and a suitable voice.[26]
After the release of Ponyo, Miyazaki wanted his next film to be a sequel, Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea II, but producer Toshio Suzuki proposed to adopt the manga The Wind Has Risen instead. At first, Miyazaki rejected the proposal because he created the manga as a hobby and considered its subjects not suitable for children, the traditional audience of Studio Ghibli's features. However, he changed his mind when a staff member suggested that "children should be allowed to be exposed to subjects they are not familiar with".[27] He was also inspired to make the film after reading a quote from Horikoshi: "All I wanted to do was to make something beautiful".[28]
The film also includes singer-songwriter Yumi Matsutoya's 1973 song "Hikō-ki Gumo" (ひこうき雲). Matsutoya had collaborated with Studio Ghibli on Kiki's Delivery Service, which features her songs Rouge no Dengon (ルージュの伝言) and Yasashisa ni Tsutsumaretanara (やさしさに包まれたなら). Producer Suzuki recommended "Hikōki-gumo" to Miyazaki in December 2012, feeling the lyrics resembled the story of The Wind Rises.[29]
"Das gibt's nur einmal" (English: It only happens once) is the German song Hans Castorp sings while playing the piano at Hotel Kusakaru in the film.[18]
Release
The Wind Rises was to have been released simultaneously with The Tale of the Princess Kaguya, another Ghibli film by Isao Takahata, in Japan in mid-2013.[15] It would have been the first time the two directors' works were released together since the release of My Neighbor Totoro and Grave of the Fireflies in 1988.[15] However, Princess Kaguya was delayed until 23 November 2013,[31] and The Wind Rises was released on 20 July 2013.[28]
Walt Disney Studios Japan released the movie on Blu-ray Disc and DVD in Japan on 18 June 2014.[41] The Japanese DVD release sold 128,784 units until 7 December 2014[42] and a further 6,735 units between 8 December 2014 and 7 June 2015,[43] for a combined 141,245 DVD units as of 7 June 2015[update].
In the United States, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on 18 November 2014. The release includes supplement features with storyboards, the original Japanese trailers and TV spots, a "Behind the Microphone" featurette with members of the English voice cast, and a video from when the film was announced to be completed. The audio for both English and Japanese language is monophonic (DTS-HD MA 1.0).[44] Even though the North American rights Disney owned on Studio Ghibli films expired in 2017, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment continued to distribute The Wind Rises until 2020, when GKIDS re-released it on DVD and Blu-ray on 22 September 2020 with distribution through Shout! Factory.[45] The re-release took longer than with other Studio Ghibli titles as it was still a fairly new film, and Disney still held the US rights.[citation needed]
Like many other Ghibli films, it is also available on Netflix.
Reception
Box office
The film grossed ¥11.6 billion (US$113 million)[48] at the Japanese box office, the highest-grossing film in Japan in 2013.[49]
Critical response
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 88% of 182 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.0/10. The website's consensus reads: "The Wind Rises is a fittingly bittersweet swan song for director Hayao Miyazaki."[50]Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 83 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[51]
Critic David Ehrlich rated the film 9.7/10 and called it "perhaps the greatest animated film ever made". He wrote: "While initially jarring, Miyazaki's unapologetic deviations from fact help The Wind Rises to transcend the linearity of its expected structure, the film eventually revealing itself to be less of a biopic than it is a devastatingly honest lament for the corruption of beauty, and how invariably pathetic the human response to that loss must be. Miyazaki's films are often preoccupied with absence, the value of things left behind and how the ghosts of beautiful things are traced onto our memories like the shadows of objects outlined by a nuclear flash. The Wind Rises looks back as only a culminating work can."[52]Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called the film "visually exquisite and emotionally charged".[53] Film critic Mark Kermode called it "a rich treat for the eye and soul alike".[54]
The Japan Times gave the film three and a half out of five, and stated: "A visually sumptuous celebration of an unspoiled prewar Japan."[55] In a review for The Asia-Pacific Journal, Matthew Penney wrote: "What Miyazaki offers is a layered look at how Horikoshi's passion for flight was captured by capital and militarism", and that it was "one of Miyazaki's most ambitious and thought-provoking visions as well as one of his most beautifully realized visual projects".[56]
Controversy
In Japan, The Wind Rises received criticism from both the Japanese political right[28] and from the Japan Society for Tobacco Control.[57] Miyazaki added to the controversy by publishing an essay in which he criticized the proposal by Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party to change Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution to allow Japan to remilitarize.[28][57][58]
Miyazaki also attracted political criticism from Korean internet users, who argued that the Zero represents Japanese military aggression and that many planes were assembled by Korean forced labour.[57] Miyazaki told Korean journalists that "[Horikoshi] was someone who resisted demands from the military...I wonder if he should be liable for anything just because he lived in that period."[57] In an interview with the Asahi Shimbun, Miyazaki said he had "very complex feelings" about World War II since, as a pacifist, he felt militarist Japan had acted out of "foolish arrogance". However, he also said that the Zero plane "represented one of the few things we Japanese could be proud of—[they] were a truly formidable presence, and so were the pilots who flew them".[57]
The Wind Rises received 13 nominations and 17 awards for "Best Animated Feature", including one Academy Award nomination.[59] Hayao Miyazaki won the award for Writing in an Animated Feature Production at the 41st Annie Awards.[60] The film's musical composer, Joe Hisaishi, received the Japan Academy Prize for Best Music Score.[61] The film was also selected as "Audience Favorite – Animation" at the Mill Valley Film Festival.[62]
^ abc劉黎兒 (18 September 2013). 人物專訪/風起了 聽宮崎駿內心的聲音. tw.news.yahoo.com (in Chinese). Yahoo Taiwan. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
^宮崎, 駿 (8 October 2015). 風立ちぬ 宮崎駿の妄想カムバック (in Japanese). Dainippon Kaiga. ISBN978-4-499-23167-1.
^Miyazaki, Hayao. "憲法を変えるなどもってのほか" [Other than changing the Constitution] (PDF). Studio Ghibli. Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 July 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
^【日本アカデミー賞】久石譲、「譜面読めますし、自分で書いてます」 『風立ちぬ』で最優秀音楽賞受賞 [[Japan Academy Prize] Joe Hisaishi: "I can read music, and I write it myself", wins Best Music award for The Wind Rises] (in Japanese). Oricon. 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Jean-François DavyJean-François Davy (2009)Lahir3 Mei 1945 (umur 78)Paris, PrancisPekerjaanProduser, sutradara, penulis naskah, pemeranTahun aktif1966–kini Jean-François Davy (lahir 3 Mei 1945) adalah seorang produser, sutradara, penulis n…
Gedung Fiat Tagliero Tampak samping Gedung Fiat Tagliero di Asmara, ibu kota Eritrea, adalah sebuah pom bensin bergaya Futuris yang selesai pada tahun 1938 dan didesain oleh insinyur Italia, Giuseppe Pettazzi.[1] Pada awalnya, gedung ini didesain hanya sebagai pom bensin. Pettazzi mendesain sebuah gedung yang tampak seperti pesawat,[2] dengan menara pusat yang berisi ruang kantor, meja kasir, serta toko, bersama dengan sayap beton setinggi 15 meter. Pada saat pembangunan, otorita…
JB08 Stasiun Higashi-Nakano東中野駅Station building and subway entranceLokasiHigashi-Nakano, Nakano, Tokyo(東京都中野区東中野)JepangOperator JR East Toei Subway Jalur JB Jalur Chūō-Sōbu Jalur Toei Oedo Layanan Bus stop Informasi lainKode stasiunE-31SejarahDibuka1906Nama sebelumnyaKashiwagi (sampai 1917)Operasi layanan Stasiun sebelumnya JR East Stasiun berikutnya NakanoJB07kearah Mitaka Jalur Chūō–Sōbu ŌkuboJB09kearah Chiba Sunting kotak info • L • BBantua…
Hari ArwahAll Souls' Day karya William-Adolphe BouguereauNama lainPengenangan Arwah Semua Orang BerimanDirayakan olehKatolik RomaAnglikanismeOrtodoks Timurbeberapa denominasi ProtestanWarna liturgiUngu atau, sesuai tradisi tertentu, hitam[1]JenisBagi semua jiwa umat beriman yang telah meninggal duniaKegiatanBerdoa bagi yang telah meninggal, ziarah ke makam, hidangan makanan khususTanggal(Barat) 2 November(Timur) Beberapa kali dalam setahunFrekuensitahunanTerkait denganHalloween 31 Oktobe…
Dante Gabriel RossettiLukisan Dante Gabriel Rossetti karya William Holman HuntLahir(1828-05-12)12 Mei 1828London, InggrisMeninggal9 April 1882(1882-04-09) (umur 53)Birchington, Kent, InggrisPekerjaanPenyair, Pelukis, PenerjemahSuami/istriElizabeth Siddal Dante Gabriel Rossetti - La damigella del Sanct Grael Dante Gabriel Rossetti (12 Mei 1828 – 9 April 1882) adalah seorang penyair, pelukis, dan penerjemah Inggris.[1] Beberapa karyanya antara lain: The Blessed Damozel…
Town in County Mayo, Ireland Town in Connacht, IrelandWestport Cathair na Mart (Irish)TownMall along Carrowbeg River in Westport Coat of armsWestportLocation in IrelandShow map of IrelandWestportWestport (Europe)Show map of EuropeCoordinates: 53°48′00″N 9°32′00″W / 53.8°N 9.5333°W / 53.8; -9.5333CountryIrelandProvinceConnachtCounty County MayoElevation80 m (260 ft)Population (2022)[1] • Urban6,872Time zoneUTC±0 (WET)…
إكستريمادورا علم Extremaduraمنطقة إكستـريمادوراعلمOfficial seal of Extremaduraمنطقة إكستـريمادوراشعار الاسم الرسمي Extremaduraمنطقة إكستـريمادورا موقع Extremaduraمنطقة إكستـريمادورا الإحداثيات 39°12′N 6°09′W / 39.2°N 6.15°W / 39.2; -6.15 [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1883 تقسيم إداري البلد إس…
G. T. Nanavati Hakim Mahkamah Agung IndiaMasa jabatan6 Maret 1995 – 16 Februari 2000 Informasi pribadiLahir(1935-02-17)17 Februari 1935Jambusar, Gujarat, Kemaharajaan BritaniaMeninggal18 Desember 2021(2021-12-18) (umur 86)Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaSunting kotak info • L • B Girish Thakorlal Nanavati (17 Februari 1935 – 18 Desember 2021) adalah seorang hakim India yang menjadi Hakim Mahkamah Agung India.[1] Setelah pensiun, ia mengepalai dua ko…
Bejo SupraptoMarsma Bejo Suprapto sebagai Aspers Kaskogabwilhan I Inspektur Perbendaharaan Inspektorat Jendral (Irben Itjen) TNIPetahanaMulai menjabat 04 November 2022 PendahuluMarsekal Pertama PrabowoPenggantiPetahanaAssisten Personil Komandan Staf Komando Gabungan Wilayah Pertahanan IMasa jabatan04 November 2022 – 03 November 2022 PendahuluMuhammad SyafiiPenggantiBudi HandoyoSekretaris Dinas Penerangan TNI AUMasa jabatan06 November 2017 – 10 Juni 2020 PendahuluPoltak.…
Attilio Lombardo Informasi pribadiTanggal lahir 6 Januari 1966 (umur 58)Tempat lahir Santa Maria la Fossa, ItaliaTinggi 1,77 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain gelandang/sisi kananKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1983–1985 Pergocrema 38 (9)1985–1989 Cremonese 141 (17)1989–1995 Sampdoria 201 (34)1995–1997 Juventus 35 (2)1997–1999 Crystal Palace 43 (8)1999–2001 Lazio 33 (2)2001–2002 Sampdoria 34 (4)Tim nasional‡1990–1997 Italia 19 (3)Kepelatihan1998 Crys…
GeumbungeoNa Woon-gyu di Geumbungeo (1927)Nama lainHangul금붕어 Hanja金붕魚 Alih Aksara yang DisempurnakanGeumbungeoMcCune–ReischauerKŭmpungŏ SutradaraNa Woon-gyuProduserHyeon Seong-wanPemeranNa Woon-gyuYun Bong-chunShin Il-seonHong Gae-myeongSinematograferLee Chang-yongPenyuntingNa Woon-gyuTanggal rilis 06 Juli 1927 (1927-07-06) NegaraKoreaBahasaAntarjudul Korea Geumbungeo (금붕어) (Ikan Mas) adalah film bisu Korea tahun 1927. Film hitam putih bisu disutradarai, disuntin…
Zona Identifikasi Pertahanan Udara di Jepang (biru), Korea Selatan (hijau), dan Tiongkok (merah jambu) Zona Identifikasi Pertahanan Udara (Inggris: Air Defense Identification Zonecode: en is deprecated ; ADIZ) adalah ruang udara di atas daratan atau perairan tempat dilaksanakannya identifikasi, pelacakan, dan pemantauan pesawat sipil demi menjaga keamanan nasional.[1] ADIZ bisa merentang ke luar wilayah suatu negara agar otoritas setempat bisa mencegat pesawat yang berpotensi mengancam k…
Artikel ini bukan mengenai Lincoln Park. Linkin ParkLinkin Park tampil pada Oktober 2010. Dari kiri ke kanan: Joe Hahn, Dave Farrell, Brad Delson, Mike Shinoda, Rob Bourdon dan Chester Bennington.Informasi latar belakangNama lain Xero (1996–1999) Hybrid Theory (1999) AsalAgoura Hills, California, Amerika SerikatGenre Rok alternatif nu metal metal alternatif rap metal rap rock electronic rock hard rock Tahun aktif1996–2017 (vakum)Label Warner Machine Shop Artis terkait Jay-Z Steve Aoki Situs …
Pulau Palawan Palawan adalah pulau terbesar kelima dan pulau terpadat kesepuluh di Filipina, dengan total populasi 994.101 menurut sensus 2020. Pulau ini merupakan pulau utama dan terbesar di Provinsi Palawan. Pantai barat laut pulau ini berada di sepanjang Laut Tiongkok Selatan, sedangkan pantai tenggara berbatasan dengan bagian utara Laut Sulu. Pulau ini dianggap sebagai pulau yang terbelakang di Filipina. Satwa liar yang melimpah, hutan pegunungan, dan pantai berpasir putih menarik banyak wis…
Television series CenturionsTitle cardGenre Action Science fiction Voices of Michael Bell Jennifer Darling Vince Edwards Ron Feinberg Pat Fraley Ed Gilbert Diane Pershing Bob Ridgely Neil Ross B. J. Ward Narrated byWilliam Woodson (Opening Narration)Theme music composerUdi HarpazCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons2No. of episodes65ProductionExecutive producers Joe Ruby Ken Spears ProducerLarry HuberAnimatorNippon Sunrise Studio 7Running time30 minutesProduction c…
American college football season 2014 Southern Utah Thunderbirds footballConferenceBig Sky ConferenceRecord3–9 (3–5 Big Sky)Head coachEd Lamb (7th season)Offensive coordinatorGary Crowton (1st season)Defensive coordinatorDemario Warren (1st season)Home stadiumEccles ColiseumSeasons← 20132015 → 2014 Big Sky Conference football standings vte Conf Overall Team W L W L No. 4 Eastern Washington $^ 7 –…
David Marshall Marshall bermain untuk Cardiff City pada tahun 2010Informasi pribadiNama lengkap David James Marshall[1]Tanggal lahir 5 Maret 1985 (umur 39)[1]Tempat lahir Glasgow, SkotlandiaTinggi 6 ft 3 in (1,91 m)[1]Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Hull CityNomor 23Karier junior2000–2002 CelticKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2002–2007 Celtic 35 (0)2007 → Norwich City (pinjaman) 2 (0)2007–2009 Norwich City 92 (0)200…
دوري جزر فارو الممتاز 1943 تفاصيل الموسم دوري جزر فارو الممتاز البلد الدنمارك مباريات ملعوبة 19 عدد المشاركين 12 دوري جزر فارو الممتاز 1942 دوري جزر فارو الممتاز 1945 تعديل مصدري - تعديل دوري جزر فارو الممتاز 1943 هو موسم من دوري جزر فارو الممتاز. فاز فيه Tvøroyrar B…
Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. La mise en forme de cet article est à améliorer (août 2023). La mise en forme du texte ne suit pas les recommandations de Wikipédia : il faut le « wikifier ». Jérôme Cahuzac, le 15 mai 2012, la veille de sa nomination comme ministre délégué au Budget dans le gouvernement Jean-Marc Ayrault. L'affaire Cahuzac est un scandale politico-financier français mettant en cause Jérôme Cahuzac, mini…
Think tank which focuses on the future This article is about The Millennium Project. It is not to be confused with United Nations Millennium Project. The Millennium ProjectPurposeGlobal Futures ResearchHeadquartersWashington D.C.Region served WorldwideExecutive directorsJerome C. Glenn,[1]Theodore J. Gordon,Elizabeth FlorescuWebsitemillennium-project.org The Millennium Project is a think tank that publishes a State of the Future report.[2] In 2001 it was associated with the Ameri…