1924 United States presidential election in California

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1924 United States presidential election in California
Turnout	73.34% (of registered voters) 1.47 pp ; 48.53% (of eligible voters) 1.27 pp
Coolidge 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 80–90%	La Follette 40–50% 50–60%
President before election; Calvin Coolidge; Republican	Elected President ; Calvin Coolidge; Republican

The 1924 United States presidential election in California took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Since the "Panic of 1893" and large-scale voter registration, California had become a one-party state dominated by the Republican Party.^[2] The Democratic Party was largely moribund as a result of its association with the Populist revolt, the rural formerly slave South, and the polyglot metropolis – which held no appeal in an old-stock Western state with very few Southern and Eastern European immigrants.^[3] Rigid registration laws and, before 1914, poll taxes, largely disfranchised what immigrants (who had leaned Democratic during the Third Party System) did enter the state.^[4]

Nonetheless, the appeal of Progressivism and tendency towards nonpartisan politics^[3] allowed Woodrow Wilson to nearly carry the state in 1912 and do so in 1916 despite substantial Socialist votes in both elections; however, James M. Cox lost most of this support by 1920 as a result of a powerful reaction in the West against the social upheaval Wilson had caused.^[5]

Following the Cox debacle, the Democratic Party disintegrated even further: in 1922 they elected only four seats in the state House of Representatives, and had failed to elect an open Senator in 1920, and defeated James D. Phelan's efforts to have William Gibbs McAdoo nominated as Democratic presidential candidate in 1924 further ruined the party's organization and furthered cleavages between the "dry" and "wet" sections of the party.^[6]

California's large "Progressive" electorate had been divided by issues such as the League of Nations and Prohibition, and was weakened by the election of economy-minded Friend W. Richardson as Governor in 1922.^[7] When Wisconsin Senator Robert M. La Follette announced he would run a third-party presidential campaign in 1924,^[8] there remained division, but radical San Francisco Progressive Rudolph Spreckels supported him on the "Socialist" line^[9] against indifference from Hiram Johnson (who had attempted to unseat Coolidge in the GOP primaries)^[7] and State Senators Herbert Jones and Inman.

Democratic nominee John W. Davis of West Virginia and Coolidge both spent most of their campaign attacking La Follette as a political extremist.^[10] At the beginning of the campaign, Davis had substantial hope of recovering support lost in 1920.^[11] However, Davis' opposition to women's suffrage, and belief in strictly limited government with no expansion in nonmilitary fields^[12] had almost no appeal in California.^[13] Although in September Davis underwent an extensive tour of the region and of the Great Plains,^[14] and campaigned to eliminate the income tax burden of the poorer classes,^[8] he received a mere 8.23 percent of the vote in California – the worst for any major party nominee in California's history and his fourth-worst state nationwide.

Reduced to a battle between Coolidge and La Follette, the incumbent President campaigned upon present prosperity in addition to his opponent's perceived extremism. Despite perception the state may be doubtful,^[11] Coolidge won a plurality of over 24 percentage points, aided by a campaign based upon vilification.^[15] La Follette did nonetheless match Coolidge outside conservative, heavily populated Southern California, and he carried most urban working-class districts in Northern California, as well as most of the Sierra logging counties that were to become Democratic strongholds between FDR and Jimmy Carter. La Follette's vote was later to revive the moribund Democratic Party when it turned largely to Al Smith (whom his family was to endorse when he died) in the following election.

Results

General Election Results^[16]
Party		Pledged to	Elector	Votes
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Louis M. Cole	733,250
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Mrs. John M. Eshleman	733,196
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	John L. McNab	732,893
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	George C. Pardee	732,788
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	James M. Cremin	732,749
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Jesse W. Lilienthal Jr.	732,697
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	C. R. Clinch	732,681
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	George W. Peltier	732,681
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Madison T. Owens	732,649
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Charles A. Wayland	732,626
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Thomas W. McManus	732,619
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Martin C. Neuner	732,552
	Republican Party	Calvin Coolidge	Louise Harvey Clark	732,512
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Albert G. Rogers	424,649
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Agnes H. Downing	424,170
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	W. E. Murphy	424,170
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Lola Coggins	424,102
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Walter S. Fogg	424,098
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Frank C. Page	424,095
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Hugo Ernst	424,086
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	John C. Packard	424,068
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	William M. Falls	424,057
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Alice S. Eddy	424,017
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Samuel Weisenberg	424,009
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	E. Backus	423,996
	Socialist Party	Robert M. La Follette Sr.	Walter E. Walker	423,968
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	James D. Phelan	105,514
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	Mattison B. Jones	105,504
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	Annette A. Adams	105,485
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	R. F. Del Valle	105,468
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	Thomas M. Storke Jr.	105,396
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	Mary E. Foy	105,393
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	William M. Conley	105,392
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	William Kettner	105,392
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	Katherine Braddock	105,323
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	E. S. Heller	105,320
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	James F. Peck	105,299
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	C. L. Culbert	105,270
	Democratic Party	John W. Davis	Edna L. Knight	105,229
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	H. A. Johnson	18,365
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	S. P. Meads	18,259
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	Helen M. Brown	18,250
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	John H. Kendall	18,243
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	J. S. Edward	18,236^[b]
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	J. C. Bell	18,216
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	J. L. Rollings	18,212
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	H. Clay Needham	18,205
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	Dana G. Boleyn	18,188
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	Frederick Head	18,173
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	Wiley J. Phillips	18,172
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	Lucius C. Dale	18,155
	Prohibition Party	Herman P. Faris	O. U. Hull	18,141
	Write-in		Scattering	122
Votes cast^[c]				1,281,900

Results by county

County	Calvin Coolidge Republican		Robert M. La Follette Socialist		John W. Davis Democratic		Herman Faris Prohibition		Scattering Write-in		Margin		Total votes cast^[d]
County	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	Total votes cast^[d]
Alameda	81,454	61.43%	41,434	31.25%	8,020	6.05%	1,582	1.19%	111	0.08%	40,020	30.18%	132,601
Alpine	52	88.14%	1	1.69%	5	8.47%	1	1.69%	0	0.00%	47^[e]	79.66%	59
Amador	719	38.93%	787	42.61%	316	17.11%	25	1.35%	0	0.00%	-68	-3.68%	1,847
Butte	4,382	42.25%	4,582	44.18%	1,299	12.52%	109	1.05%	0	0.00%	-200	-1.93%	10,372
Calaveras	872	39.44%	975	44.10%	333	15.06%	31	1.40%	0	0.00%	-103	-4.66%	2,211
Colusa	1,127	43.84%	889	34.58%	495	19.25%	60	2.33%	0	0.00%	238	9.26%	2,571
Contra Costa	9,061	54.67%	6,231	37.60%	1,114	6.72%	167	1.01%	0	0.00%	2,830	17.08%	16,573
Del Norte	530	52.63%	322	31.98%	122	12.12%	33	3.28%	0	0.00%	208	20.66%	1,007
El Dorado	852	28.49%	1,749	58.48%	361	12.07%	29	0.97%	0	0.00%	-897	-29.99%	2,991
Fresno	15,635	44.01%	14,836	41.76%	4,610	12.98%	446	1.26%	0	0.00%	799	2.25%	35,527
Glenn	1,444	44.84%	1,330	41.30%	367	11.40%	79	2.45%	0	0.00%	114	3.54%	3,220
Humboldt	6,767	56.82%	4,148	34.83%	845	7.09%	150	1.26%	0	0.00%	2,619	21.99%	11,910
Imperial	3,455	50.28%	2,549	37.09%	759	11.04%	109	1.59%	0	0.00%	906	13.18%	6,872
Inyo	950	47.52%	779	38.97%	256	12.81%	14	0.70%	0	0.00%	171	8.55%	1,999
Kern	8,646	46.08%	6,754	36.00%	3,159	16.84%	204	1.09%	0	0.00%	1,892	10.08%	18,763
Kings	2,812	50.00%	1,611	28.64%	1,109	19.72%	92	1.64%	0	0.00%	1,201	21.35%	5,624
Lake	795	44.94%	658	37.20%	261	14.75%	55	3.11%	0	0.00%	137	7.74%	1,769
Lassen	1,072	40.78%	1,164	44.28%	356	13.54%	37	1.41%	0	0.00%	-92	-3.50%	2,629
Los Angeles	299,675	65.51%	117,249	25.63%	33,554	7.33%	6,979	1.53%	5	0.00%	182,426	39.88%	457,462
Madera	1,518	42.66%	1,514	42.55%	450	12.65%	76	2.14%	0	0.00%	4	0.11%	3,558
Marin	5,780	53.52%	4,230	39.17%	656	6.07%	134	1.24%	0	0.00%	1,550	14.35%	10,800
Mariposa	344	40.23%	332	38.83%	168	19.65%	11	1.29%	0	0.00%	12	1.40%	855
Mendocino	3,465	56.46%	1,850	30.15%	739	12.04%	83	1.35%	0	0.00%	1,615	26.32%	6,137
Merced	3,573	52.94%	2,301	34.09%	710	10.52%	165	2.44%	0	0.00%	1,272	18.85%	6,749
Modoc	731	43.72%	547	32.72%	374	22.37%	20	1.20%	0	0.00%	184	11.00%	1,672
Mono	166	53.55%	98	31.61%	45	14.52%	1	0.32%	0	0.00%	68	21.94%	310
Monterey	4,744	61.07%	2,035	26.20%	886	11.41%	103	1.33%	0	0.00%	2,709	34.87%	7,768
Napa	3,605	54.82%	2,237	34.02%	670	10.19%	64	0.97%	0	0.00%	1,368	20.80%	6,576
Nevada	1,513	42.23%	1,682	46.94%	307	8.57%	81	2.26%	0	0.00%	-169	-4.72%	3,583
Orange	19,913	67.35%	6,480	21.92%	2,565	8.68%	608	2.06%	0	0.00%	13,433	45.43%	29,566
Placer	2,192	36.63%	3,290	54.98%	390	6.52%	112	1.87%	0	0.00%	-1,098	-18.35%	5,984
Plumas	564	32.92%	956	55.81%	182	10.62%	11	0.64%	0	0.00%	-392	-22.88%	1,713
Riverside	9,619	61.99%	4,204	27.09%	1,318	8.49%	375	2.42%	0	0.00%	5,415	34.90%	15,516
Sacramento	13,400	41.08%	16,570	50.80%	2,285	7.01%	362	1.11%	2	0.01%	-3,170	-9.72%	32,619
San Benito	1,443	53.54%	857	31.80%	361	13.40%	34	1.26%	0	0.00%	586	21.74%	2,695
San Bernardino	15,974	56.93%	8,720	31.08%	2,634	9.39%	733	2.61%	0	0.00%	7,254	25.85%	28,061
San Diego	22,726	48.99%	20.200	43.54%	2,944	6.35%	521	1.12%	0	0.00%	2,526	5.45%	46,391
San Francisco	73,494	47.75%	68,864	44.74%	9,811	6.37%	1,751	1.14%	0	0.00%	4,630	3.01%	153,920
San Joaquin	11,056	48.91%	8,885	39.30%	2,397	10.60%	269	1.19%	0	0.00%	2,171	9.60%	22,607
San Luis Obispo	3,804	49.01%	3,061	39.44%	731	9.42%	165	2.13%	0	0.00%	743	9.57%	7,761
San Mateo	8,126	55.27%	5,694	38.73%	771	5.24%	111	0.75%	0	0.00%	2,432	16.54%	14,702
Santa Barbara	8,615	64.69%	3,292	24.72%	1,242	9.33%	169	1.27%	0	0.00%	5,323	39.97%	13,318
Santa Clara	20,056	58.02%	11,474	33.19%	2,560	7.41%	478	1.38%	0	0.00%	8,582	24.83%	34,568
Santa Cruz	5,402	60.84%	2,557	28.80%	801	9.02%	119	1.34%	0	0.00%	2,845	32.04%	8,879
Shasta	1,951	41.95%	2,049	44.06%	598	12.86%	53	1.14%	0	0.00%	-98	-2.11%	4,651
Sierra	276	38.93%	350	49.37%	73	10.30%	10	1.41%	0	0.00%	-74	-10.44%	709
Siskiyou	2,437	40.58%	2,844	47.36%	584	9.73%	140	2.33%	0	0.00%	-407	-6.78%	6,005
Solano	4,782	48.00%	4,123	41.39%	957	9.61%	100	1.00%	0	0.00%	659	6.62%	9,962
Sonoma	9,535	55.99%	5,469	32.12%	1,767	10.38%	257	1.51%	1	0.01%	4,066	23.88%	17,029
Stanislaus	7,569	56.86%	4,125	30.99%	1,274	9.57%	344	2.58%	0	0.00%	3,444	25.87%	13,312
Sutter	1,617	49.92%	1,219	37.64%	367	11.33%	36	1.11%	0	0.00%	398	12.29%	3,239
Tehama	1,943	45.97%	1,667	39.44%	486	11.50%	131	3.10%	0	0.00%	276	6.53%	4,227
Trinity	336	36.48%	414	44.95%	154	16.72%	17	1.85%	0	0.00%	-78	-8.47%	921
Tulare	9,484	50.78%	5,504	29.47%	3,425	18.34%	261	1.40%	3	0.02%	3,980	21.31%	18,677
Tuolumne	1,287	43.03%	1,327	44.37%	357	11.94%	20	0.67%	0	0.00%	-40	-1.34%	2,991
Ventura	5,705	65.16%	2,029	23.18%	911	10.41%	110	1.26%	0	0.00%	3,676	41.99%	8,755
Yolo	2,470	45.35%	2,097	38.50%	797	14.63%	83	1.52%	0	0.00%	373	6.85%	5,447
Yuba	1,735	47.40%	1,454	39.73%	426	11.64%	45	1.23%	0	0.00%	281	7.68%	3,660
Total	733,250	57.20%	424,649	33.13%	105,514	8.23%	18,365	1.43%	122	0.01%	308,601	24.07%	1,281,900

Counties that flipped from Republican to Socialist

Notes

^ Although La Follette ran under his own Progressive Party nationally, he ran in California under the endorsement of the Socialist Party of America and the "Committee for Progressive Political Action".
^ This stated total might be a mistake. Edward's county figures add up to 18,436 and there is no obvious county(s) where the given figure is too high. If 18,436 is in fact the correct total, then that would make Edward the highest Prohibition elector and thus Faris should be credited with 18,436 votes in California
^ Based on totals for highest elector on each ticket
^ Based on the highest elector on each ticket
^ Margin over Davis

References

^ "Historical Voter Registration and Participation in Statewide General Elections 1910-2018" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
^ Burnham, Walter Dean; 'The System of 1896: An Analysis'; in The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, pp. 178-179 ISBN 0313213798
^ ^a ^b Burnham Walter Dean; 'The "System of 1896" and the American Electorate', in Critical elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics (1970), pp. 74-79
^ Bentele, Keith G. and O'Brien, Erin E.; 'Jim Crow 2.0? Why States Consider and Adopt Restrictive Voter Access Policies', p. 1092; in Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 11, No. 4 (December 2013), pp. 1088-1116
^ Faykosh, Joseph D., Bowling Green State University; The Front Porch of the American People: James Cox and the Presidential Election of 1920 (thesis), p. 68
^ Hennings, Robert E.; 'California Democratic Politics in the Period of Republican Ascendancy'; Pacific Historical Review, vol. 31, no. 3 (August 1962), pp. 267-280
^ ^a ^b Shover, John L.; 'The California Progressives and the 1924 Campaign', in California Historical Quarterly, vol. 51, no. 1 (Spring, 1972), pp. 59-74
^ ^a ^b Richardson, Danny G.; Others: "Fighting Bob" La Follette and the Progressive Movement: Third-Party Politics in the 1920s, p. 180 ISBN 0595481264
^ Johnston, Scott D.; 'Robert La Follette and the Socialists: Aspects of the 1924 Presidential Campaign Reexamined'; Social Science, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Spring 1975), pp. 69-77
^ Parrish, Michael E.; Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920-1941, pp. 70-71 ISBN 0393311341
^ ^a ^b Melcher, Daniel P.; 'The Challenge to Normalcy: The 1924 Election in California'; Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Summer 1978), pp. 155-182
^ Newman, Roger K.; The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American Law, p. 153 ISBN 0300113005
^ Stark, Rodney and Christiano, Kevin J.; 'Support for the American Left, 1920-1924: The Opiate Thesis Reconsidered'; Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 31, No. 1 (March, 1992), pp. 62-75
^ Tucker, Garland; High Tide of American Conservatism: Davis, Coolidge, and the 1924 Election, p. 191 ISBN 193711029X
^ Melcher, Daniel; "The Politics of Discontent: California Politics, 1920-1932,' (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 1975), pp. 152-156, 164-173.
^ Statement of Vote at General Election held on November 4, 1924 in the State of California. Sacramento, California. pp. 4–11. Retrieved July 16, 2024.

[2] Although La Follette ran under his own Progressive Party nationally, he ran in California under the endorsement of the Socialist Party of America and the "Committee for Progressive Political Action".

[18] This stated total might be a mistake. Edward's county figures add up to 18,436 and there is no obvious county(s) where the given figure is too high. If 18,436 is in fact the correct total, then that would make Edward the highest Prohibition elector and thus Faris should be credited with 18,436 votes in California

[19] Based on totals for highest elector on each ticket

[20] Based on the highest elector on each ticket

[21] Margin over Davis

[1] "Historical Voter Registration and Participation in Statewide General Elections 1910-2018" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Retrieved May 5, 2022.

[3] Burnham, Walter Dean; 'The System of 1896: An Analysis'; in The Evolution of American Electoral Systems, pp. 178-179 ISBN 0313213798

[SystemII-4] Burnham Walter Dean; 'The "System of 1896" and the American Electorate', in Critical elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics (1970), pp. 74-79

[5] Bentele, Keith G. and O'Brien, Erin E.; 'Jim Crow 2.0? Why States Consider and Adopt Restrictive Voter Access Policies', p. 1092; in Perspectives on Politics, Vol. 11, No. 4 (December 2013), pp. 1088-1116

[6] Faykosh, Joseph D., Bowling Green State University; The Front Porch of the American People: James Cox and the Presidential Election of 1920 (thesis), p. 68

[7] Hennings, Robert E.; 'California Democratic Politics in the Period of Republican Ascendancy'; Pacific Historical Review, vol. 31, no. 3 (August 1962), pp. 267-280

[Progressives-8] Shover, John L.; 'The California Progressives and the 1924 Campaign', in California Historical Quarterly, vol. 51, no. 1 (Spring, 1972), pp. 59-74

[Others-9] Richardson, Danny G.; Others: "Fighting Bob" La Follette and the Progressive Movement: Third-Party Politics in the 1920s, p. 180 ISBN 0595481264

[10] Johnston, Scott D.; 'Robert La Follette and the Socialists: Aspects of the 1924 Presidential Campaign Reexamined'; Social Science, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Spring 1975), pp. 69-77

[Anxious-11] Parrish, Michael E.; Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920-1941, pp. 70-71 ISBN 0393311341

[Challenge-12] Melcher, Daniel P.; 'The Challenge to Normalcy: The 1924 Election in California'; Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Summer 1978), pp. 155-182

[13] Newman, Roger K.; The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American Law, p. 153 ISBN 0300113005

[14] Stark, Rodney and Christiano, Kevin J.; 'Support for the American Left, 1920-1924: The Opiate Thesis Reconsidered'; Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 31, No. 1 (March, 1992), pp. 62-75

[15] Tucker, Garland; High Tide of American Conservatism: Davis, Coolidge, and the 1924 Election, p. 191 ISBN 193711029X

[16] Melcher, Daniel; "The Politics of Discontent: California Politics, 1920-1932,' (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, San Diego, 1975), pp. 152-156, 164-173.

[17] Statement of Vote at General Election held on November 4, 1924 in the State of California. Sacramento, California. pp. 4–11. Retrieved July 16, 2024.

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1924 United States presidential election in California

Results

Results by county

Counties that flipped from Republican to Socialist

See also

Notes

References

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