1956 in literature

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1956.

Events

c. January – The first book in Ed McBain's long-running 87th Precinct police procedural series, Cop Hater, is published in the United States under Evan Hunter's new pseudonym.^[1]
February 2 – Eugene O'Neill's semi-autobiographical Long Day's Journey into Night (completed in 1942) receives a posthumous world première at the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Stockholm, in Swedish (Lång dags färd mot natt), directed by Bengt Ekerot and starring Lars Hanson. Its Broadway debut at the Helen Hayes Theatre on November 7 follows an American première at the Shubert Theatre (New Haven).^[2]
February 25 – The English poet Ted Hughes and American poet Sylvia Plath meet in Cambridge, England.^[3]
March 11 – The U.S. release of Sir Laurence Olivier's film version of Shakespeare's Richard III plays simultaneously on NBC network television and as afternoon matinée screenings in movie theaters. Its TV audience is put at 25–40 million – almost certainly the largest to date for a Shakespeare production.^[4]
March 19 – The widowed English author Aldous Huxley marries the Italian-American film-maker and author Laura Archera at a drive-in wedding chapel in Yuma, Arizona.^[5]
April 23 – The British author C. S. Lewis and American poet Joy Gresham have a civil marriage at Oxford register office.^[6]
May 8 – The first performance of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger is given by the newly formed English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre in London.^[7]^[8] Alan Bates has his first major role as Cliff. The press release describes Osborne as one of the angry young men of the time, a phrase used on July 26 in a Daily Express headline.
June 16 – Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath marry at St George the Martyr, Holborn in the London Borough of Camden.
June 21 – Playwright Arthur Miller appears before the House Un-American Activities Committee in Washington, D.C.
June 26 and August 23 – Books published by the discredited psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich are burned in the United States under a court injunction.
June – Nineteen-year-old Hunter S. Thompson is arrested as an accessory to robbery.
June 29 – Arthur Miller marries Marilyn Monroe in White Plains, New York.
July – After pleas by Israeli diplomats, the Romanian communist regime releases A. L. Zissu, formally sentenced to life imprisonment in 1954.^[9] Zissu emigrates to Israel, where he dies on September 6.^[10]
July 4 – The National Library of Scotland's first purpose-built premises open in Edinburgh.^[11]
July 8 – The drama series Armchair Theatre, produced by ABC Weekend TV for the ITV network in the United Kingdom, begins a twelve-year run.
August 14 – Iris Murdoch marries John Bayley at Oxford register office.
September 14 – Harold Pinter marries Vivien Merchant in a civil ceremony at Bournemouth, after they meet while touring in repertory theatre.
October – The Ladder becomes the first nationally distributed lesbian magazine in the United States.
November 1 – Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems, a signal work of the Beat Generation, is published by City Lights Bookstore in San Francisco.
December
- J. G. Ballard's first professional publications, the science fiction short stories "Escapement" and "Prima Belladonna", appear in this month's issues of New Worlds and Science Fantasy respectively.^[12]
- Martin Gardner begins his Mathematical Games column in Scientific American.
December 3 – The author Romain Gary wins the Prix Goncourt for Les Racines du ciel. He would later become the only person to win the prize twice, publishing La Vie devant soi under the pseudonym Émile Ajar in 1975.
unknown dates
- Finished in 1952, Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz's Cairo Trilogy (Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, Sugar Street), is first published.^[13]
- Sixteen-year-old Michael Moorcock becomes editor of Tarzan Adventures.
- Jorge Luis Borges becomes a professor of English and American literature at the University of Buenos Aires.^[14]

New books

Fiction

Nelson Algren – A Walk on the Wild Side
Eric Ambler – The Night-Comers
Kingsley Amis – That Uncertain Feeling
Poul Anderson – Planet of No Return
Charlotte Armstrong – A Dram of Poison
Isaac Asimov – The Naked Sun
James Baldwin – Giovanni's Room
Sybille Bedford – A Legacy
Saul Bellow – Seize the Day^[15]
Pierre Berton – The Mysterious North
Alfred Bester – The Stars My Destination (as Tiger! Tiger!)
W. E. Bowman – The Ascent of Rum Doodle
Pearl S. Buck – Imperial Woman
John Bude – A Telegram from Le Touquet
Anthony Burgess – Time for a Tiger
Albert Camus – The Fall (La Chute)
John Dickson Carr
- Patrick Butler for the Defense
- Fear is the Same (as Carter Dickson)
Henry Cecil – Friends at Court
Agatha Christie – Dead Man's Folly
Arthur C. Clarke – The City and the Stars
A. J. Cronin
- A Thing of Beauty
- Crusader's Tomb
Antonio di Benedetto – Zama^[16]
Cecil Day-Lewis – A Tangled Web
Nh. Dini – Dua Dunia (Two Worlds, stories)
Philip K. Dick
- The Man Who Japed
- The Minority Report
Gordon R. Dickson
- Alien From Arcturus
- Mankind on the Run
Alfred Döblin – Tales of a Long Night (Hamlet oder Die lange Nacht nimmt ein Ende)
Friedrich Dürrenmatt – A Dangerous Game (Die Panne – The Breakdown – or Traps)
Ian Fleming – Diamonds Are Forever
Naomi Frankel – Shaul ve-Yohannah (שאול ויוהאנה, "Saul and Joanna", publication begins)
Sarah Gainham – Time Right Deadly
Romain Gary – Les Racines du ciel
William Golding – Pincher Martin
Winston Graham – The Sleeping Partner
Walter Greenwood – Down by the Sea
Edward Grierson – The Second Man
Henri René Guieu – Les Monstres du Néant
Mark Harris – Bang the Drum Slowly
Frank Herbert – The Dragon in the Sea (first book publication)
Georgette Heyer – Sprig Muslin
Kathryn Hulme – The Nun's Story
James Kennaway – Tunes of Glory
Feri Lainšček – Petelinji zajtrk
Meyer Levin – Compulsion
C. S. Lewis – Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold
E. C. R. Lorac – Murder in Vienna
Rose Macaulay – The Towers of Trebizond
Ross Macdonald – The Barbarous Coast
Compton Mackenzie – Thin Ice
Ed McBain – Cop Hater
Naguib Mahfouz – Palace Walk (بين القصرين, Bein el-Qasrein, first of the Cairo Trilogy)
Ngaio Marsh – Off with His Head
Grace Metalious – Peyton Place
Yukio Mishima (三島由紀夫) – The Temple of the Golden Pavilion (金閣寺)
Gladys Mitchell – Twelve Horses and the Hangman's Noose
Nicholas Monsarrat – The Tribe that Lost its Head
Farley Mowat – Lost in the Barrens
Agnar Mykle – The Song of the Red Ruby (Sangen om den røde rubin)
Patrick O'Brian – The Golden Ocean
Edwin O'Connor – The Last Hurrah
Pier Paolo Pasolini – Ragazzi di vita
Mervyn Peake – Boy in Darkness
Mary Renault – The Last of the Wine
Kenneth Roberts – Boon Island
João Guimarães Rosa – The Devil to Pay in the Backlands (Grande Sertão: Veredas)
Françoise Sagan – A Certain Smile (Un certain Sourire)
Samuel Selvon – The Lonely Londoners
Irwin Shaw – Lucy Crown
Georges Simenon – The Little Man from Archangel (Le Petit Homme d'Arkhangelsk)
Khushwant Singh – Train to Pakistan
Rex Stout
- Might as Well Be Dead
- Three Witnesses
Julian Symons – The Paper Chase
A. E. van Vogt – The Wizard of Linn
Heimito von Doderer – Die Dämonen. Nach der Chronik des Sektionsrates Geyrenhoff (The Demons)
Angus Wilson – Anglo-Saxon Attitudes
P. G. Wodehouse – French Leave^[17]
Kateb Yacine – Nedjma
Frank Yerby – Captain Rebel
Eiji Yoshikawa (吉川英治) – The Heike Story: A Modern Translation of the Classic Tale of Love and War (Shin Heike monogatari, a retelling of The Tale of the Heike)
Francis Brett Young – Wistanslow

Children and young people

Rev. W. Awdry – Percy the Small Engine (eleventh in The Railway Series of 42 books by him and his son Christopher Awdry)
Polly Cameron – The Cat Who Thought He Was a Tiger
R. F. Delderfield – The Adventures of Ben Gunn
Fred Gipson – Old Yeller^[18]
Rumer Godden – The Fairy Doll
C. S. Lewis – The Last Battle^[19]
Alf Prøysen – Little Old Mrs Pepperpot (first in a long series of Mrs Pepperpot – Teskjekjerringa – books)
Maurice Sendak – Kenny's Window^[20]
Ian Serraillier – The Silver Sword^[21]
Dodie Smith – The Hundred and One Dalmatians^[22]
Virginia Sorensen – Miracles on Maple Hill^[23]
Eve Titus – Anatole (first in the Anatole and Basil series of 14 books)

Drama

Jean Anouilh – Pauvre Bitos, ou Le dîner de têtes (Poor Bitos)
Ferdinand Bruckner – The Fight with the Angel (Der Kampf mit dem Engel)
José Manuel Castañón – Moletú-Volevá
Agatha Christie and Gerald Verner – Towards Zero
Noël Coward – Nude with Violin
Friedrich Dürrenmatt – The Visit (Der Besuch der alten Dame)
Max Frisch – Philipp Hotz's Fury (Die Grosse Wut des Philipp Hotz)
Anna Langfus – Les Lepreux (The Lepers, first performed)
Hugh Leonard – The Birthday Party
Saunders Lewis – Siwan
Bruce Mason – The Pohutukawa Tree
Ronald Millar – The Bride and the Bachelor
Arthur Miller – A View from the Bridge (revised version)
Hugh Mills – The House by the Lake
Yukio Mishima – Rokumeikan
Heiner Müller and Inge Müller – Der Lohndrücker (The Scab, written)
Eugene O'Neill – Long Day's Journey into Night
John Osborne – Look Back in Anger
Arnold Wesker – Chicken Soup with Barley (written)

Poetry

Allen Ginsberg – Howl
Anne Morrow Lindbergh – The Unicorn and Other Poems
Harry Martinson – Aniara
Yevgeny Yevtushenko – Stantsiia Zima (Станция Зима, Zima Station, translated as Winter Station)

Non-fiction

Peter Frederick Anson – The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion^[24]
John G. Bennett – Dramatic Universe
Peter M. Blau – Bureaucracy in Modern Society
Gerald Durrell – My Family and Other Animals
Margery Fish – We Made a Garden
Georges Friedmann – Le travail en miettes (The Anatomy of Work)
Carl Gustav Jung – Mysterium Coniunctionis
A. J. Liebling – The Sweet Science
Norman Mailer – The White Negro
Karl Mannheim – Essays on the Sociology of Culture
C. Wright Mills – The Power Elite
Alva Myrdal and Viola Klein – Women's Two Roles: Home and Work
Octavio Paz – El arco y la lira
Lobsang Rampa – The Third Eye
Irving Stone – Men to Match My Mountains (Account of the opening of the American Old West, 1840–1900)
John Strachey – Contemporary Capitalism

Births

January 2 – Storm Constantine, British science fiction and fantasy author
January 4 – Sarojini Sahoo, Indian journalist, author, and poet
January 8 – Jack Womack, American novelist
January 10 – Antonio Muñoz Molina, Spanish novelist
January 21 – Ian McMillan, English poet^[25]
January 14 – Ronan Bennett, Northern Irish novelist
February 20 – François Bréda, Romanian essayist, poet, literary critic, literary historian, translator and theatrologist (died 2018)
February 26 – Michel Houellebecq, French novelist
March 3 – Frank Giroud, French comics writer (died 2018)^[26]
March 7 – Andrea Levy, English novelist (died 2019)^[27]
March 12 – Ruth Ozeki, American novelist and filmmaker
March 20
- Minken Fosheim, Norwegian actress and author (died 2018)
- Win Lyovarin, Thai novelist and short story writer
March 23 – Steven Saylor, American historical novelist
April 7 – Christopher Darden, African-American attorney, author, actor and lecturer^[28]
April 12 – Yasuo Tanaka, Japanese novelist and politician
April 29 – Alexander Jablokov, American writer and novelist^[29]
May 4 – David Guterson, American journalist and novelist
May 9 – Cindy Lovell, American educator and writer
May 18 – John Godber, English dramatist
May 20
- Boris Akunin, Russian novelist and essayist^[30]
- Ingvar Ambjørnsen, Norwegian author
June 9 – Patricia Cornwell, American crime novelist
June 25 – Anthony Bourdain, American chef, writer and television personality (died 2018)^[31]
June 26 – Davide Ferrario, Italian film director, screenwriter and author
June 29 – Richard Summerbell, Canadian mycologist, author and songwriter
July 2 – Cynthia Kadohata, Japanese-American children's writer
July 4 – Éric Neuhoff, French novelist
July 11 – Amitav Ghosh, Bengali Indian novelist^[32]
September 6 – Mai Yamani, Saudi Arabian independent scholar, author and anthropologist
October 9 – Robert Reed, American science fiction author
October 13 – Chris Carter, American screenwriter
October 16 - Meg Rosoff, American-British children's and young-adult writer
October 18 – Lucy Ellmann, Anglo-American novelist
October 21 – Carrie Fisher, American actress and novelist (died 2016)^[33]
November 11 – Tim Pears, English novelist
November 20 – Elena Gremina, Russian dramatist (died 2018)
November 26 – John McCarthy, English journalist and hostage
December 22 – Percival Everett, American writer and novelist
unknown dates
- James Aboud, Trinidad poet and judge^[34]
- James Belich, New Zealand historian^[35]
- Amy Gerstler, American poet^[36]

Deaths

January 13 – Wickham Steed, English journalist, editor and historian (born 1871)
January 14 – Sheila Kaye-Smith, English novelist (born 1887)
January 29 – H. L. Mencken, American journalist and English language scholar (born 1880)
January 31 – A. A. Milne, English children's author, novelist and dramatist (born 1882)
March 30 – Edmund Clerihew Bentley, English novelist and inventor of the clerihew (born 1875)
April 22 – Otto Roth, Hungarian Romanian politician, journalist, and literary promoter (born 1884 )
May 15 – Arthur Talmage Abernethy, American theologian and poet (born 1872)
May 20 – Max Beerbohm, English humorist (born 1872)
May 22 – Ion Călugăru, Romanian novelist, short story writer and journalist (born 1902)
June 7 – Julien Benda, French philosopher and novelist (born 1867)^[37]
June 22 – Walter de la Mare, English poet (born 1873)^[38]
June 24 – Nicos Nicolaides, Greek writer (born 1884)
July 7 – Gottfried Benn, German poet and essayist (born 1886)
July 8 – Giovanni Papini, Italian essayist, poet and novelist (born 1881)
August 14 – Bertolt Brecht, German dramatist (born 1898)
September 6
- Michael Ventris, English linguistic scholar (born 1922)
- A. L. Zissu, Romanian novelist and Zionist leader (born 1888)
September 12 – Hans Carossa, German novelist and poet (born 1878)
October 30 – Pío Baroja, Spanish novelist (born 1872)
December 6 - Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, the principal architect of the Constitution of India (born 1891)
December 13 – Arthur Grimble, Hong Kong-born English travel writer (born 1888)
December 25 – Robert Walser, Swiss novelist and poet writing in German (born 1878)

Awards

Carnegie Medal for children's literature: C. S. Lewis, The Last Battle^[39]
Deutscher Jugendbuchpreis (first award): Roger Duvoisin and Louise Fatio, Happy Lion (Der glückliche Löwe); Astrid Lindgren, Mio, My Son; and Kurt Lütgen, Kein Winter für Wölfe ("Two Against the Arctic: Story of a Restless Life between Greenland and Alaska")
Duff Cooper Prize: Alan Moorehead, Gallipoli
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Rose Macaulay, The Towers of Trebizond
James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: St John Greer Ervine, George Bernard Shaw
Madan Puraskar (first award): Satya Mohan Joshi, Hamro Lok Sanskriti; Chittaranjan Nepali, Janaral Bhimsen Thapa Ra Tatkalin Nepal; and Bala Ram Joshi, Adhikbibhav Sthirbidhoot Utpadhak
Newbery Medal for children's literature: Jean Lee Latham, Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
Nobel Prize in Literature: Juan Ramón Jiménez
Premio Nadal: José Luis Martín Descalzo, La frontera de Dios
Prix Goncourt: Romain Gary for The Roots of Heaven
Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich, Diary of Anne Frank
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: MacKinlay Kantor, Andersonville
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Elizabeth Bishop, Poems – North & South
Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Edmund Blunden

Notes

Hahn, Daniel (2015). The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature (2nd ed.). Oxford. University Press. ISBN 9780198715542.

References

^ MacDonald, Erin (April 30, 2012). Ed McBain/Evan Hunter: A Literary Companion. McFarland. p. 86. ISBN 978-0786489480. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ "Shubert Theater". New Haven: CAPA. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
^ Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984). A Book of Days for the Literary Year. London; New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-01332-2.
^ "Richard III Review". Screenonline. British Film Institute. Retrieved 2006-07-08.
^ Huxley, Laura (1969). This Timeless Moment. ISBN 0-89087-968-0.
^ 42, St Giles'. Hooper, Walter (1998-06-23). C. S. Lewis: A Complete Guide to His Life and Works. p. 79. ISBN 9780060638801. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
^ Nastasă, Lucian (2003). "Studiu introductiv". In Andreescu, Andreea; Nastasă, Lucian; Varga, Andrea (eds.). Minorități etnoculturale. Mărturii documentare. Evreii din România (1945–1965). Cluj-Napoca: Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center. p. 30.
^ Glass, Hildrun (2010). "Câteva note despre activitatea lui Avram L. Zissu". In Rotman, Liviu; Crăciun, Camelia; Vasiliu, Ana-Gabriela (eds.). Noi perspective în istoriografia evreilor din România. Bucharest: Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Editura Hasefer. pp. 166–167.
^ "Bute Collection for Scotland: Library Opening by The Queen". The Times. No. 53575. London. 1956-07-05. p. 12.
^ Weber, Bruce (2009-04-21). "J. G Ballard, Novelist, Is Dead at 78". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
^ Ed. Mohit K. Ray (September 2007). The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 336. ISBN 978-81-269-0832-5.
^ Adrian Lennon (1992). Jorge Luis Borges. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7910-1236-9.
^ "Books Today". The New York Times: 32. November 15, 1956.
^ Kunkel, Benjamin (16 January 2017). "A Neglected South American Masterpiece". Retrieved 13 March 2018 – via www.newyorker.com.
^ Mordue, Terry (19 July 2019). "Wodehouse's Books: A Detailed Bibliography, with Notes". Madame Eulalie. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
^ Gipson, Fred (October 1, 1990). Old Yeller. Perfection Learning. ISBN 978-0812416336.
^ Hahn 2015, p. 410
^ Hahn 2015, p. 526
^ Hahn 2015, p. 528
^ Hahn 2015, p. 541
^ Hahn 2015, p. 545
^ *The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1956. LCCN 56000287.
^ "Ian McMillan" Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Forbes, British Council, 2002
^ "BD : l'auteur Frank Giroud (Le Décalogue) est mort à 62 ans". Le Progres. July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
^ Innes, Lyn (15 February 2019). "Andrea Levy obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
^ "Christopher Darden 1957–". Biography. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2023.
^ Contemporary Authors. Gale Research Company. 1994. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-8103-5552-1.
^ Чхартишвили, Григорий. Collection of materials by Lenta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 26 November 2009.
^ Hayward, Tim (June 9, 2018). "Anthony Bourdain obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
^ Ghosh, Amitav Archived 5 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Ryan Gilbey (27 December 2016). "Carrie Fisher obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
^ Tony Kellman (1992). Crossing Water: Contemporary Poetry of the English-speaking Caribbean. Greenfield Review Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-912678-85-6.
^ Roger Robinson; Nelson Wattie (1998). The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-19-558348-9.
^ Catherine Cucinella; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (2002). Contemporary American Women Poets: An A-to-Z Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-313-31783-5.
^ Murray, Christopher John (2013). Encyclopedia of Modern French Thought. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-135-45564-4.
^ James Campbell, A kind of magic, The Guardian, 10 June 2006.
^ Hahn 2015, p. 660

[1] MacDonald, Erin (April 30, 2012). Ed McBain/Evan Hunter: A Literary Companion. McFarland. p. 86. ISBN 978-0786489480. Retrieved 8 January 2018.

[2] "Shubert Theater". New Haven: CAPA. 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-10-31.

[3] Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984). A Book of Days for the Literary Year. London; New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-01332-2.

[4] "Richard III Review". Screenonline. British Film Institute. Retrieved 2006-07-08.

[5] Huxley, Laura (1969). This Timeless Moment. ISBN 0-89087-968-0.

[6] 42, St Giles'. Hooper, Walter (1998-06-23). C. S. Lewis: A Complete Guide to His Life and Works. p. 79. ISBN 9780060638801. Retrieved 2011-12-03.

[Pocket_On_This_Day-7] Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.

[8] The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.

[9] Nastasă, Lucian (2003). "Studiu introductiv". In Andreescu, Andreea; Nastasă, Lucian; Varga, Andrea (eds.). Minorități etnoculturale. Mărturii documentare. Evreii din România (1945–1965). Cluj-Napoca: Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center. p. 30.

[10] Glass, Hildrun (2010). "Câteva note despre activitatea lui Avram L. Zissu". In Rotman, Liviu; Crăciun, Camelia; Vasiliu, Ana-Gabriela (eds.). Noi perspective în istoriografia evreilor din România. Bucharest: Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Editura Hasefer. pp. 166–167.

[11] "Bute Collection for Scotland: Library Opening by The Queen". The Times. No. 53575. London. 1956-07-05. p. 12.

[12] Weber, Bruce (2009-04-21). "J. G Ballard, Novelist, Is Dead at 78". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-10-15.

[13] Ed. Mohit K. Ray (September 2007). The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 336. ISBN 978-81-269-0832-5.

[Lennon1992-14] Adrian Lennon (1992). Jorge Luis Borges. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-7910-1236-9.

[15] "Books Today". The New York Times: 32. November 15, 1956.

[16] Kunkel, Benjamin (16 January 2017). "A Neglected South American Masterpiece". Retrieved 13 March 2018 – via www.newyorker.com.

[17] Mordue, Terry (19 July 2019). "Wodehouse's Books: A Detailed Bibliography, with Notes". Madame Eulalie. Retrieved 19 July 2019.

[18] Gipson, Fred (October 1, 1990). Old Yeller. Perfection Learning. ISBN 978-0812416336.

[19] Hahn 2015, p. 410

[20] Hahn 2015, p. 526

[21] Hahn 2015, p. 528

[22] Hahn 2015, p. 541

[23] Hahn 2015, p. 545

[24] *The Call of the Cloister: Religious Communities and Kindred Bodies in the Anglican Communion. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1956. LCCN 56000287.

[25] "Ian McMillan" Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Peter Forbes, British Council, 2002

[26] "BD : l'auteur Frank Giroud (Le Décalogue) est mort à 62 ans". Le Progres. July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 15, 2018.

[27] Innes, Lyn (15 February 2019). "Andrea Levy obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 February 2019.

[28] "Christopher Darden 1957–". Biography. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved December 13, 2023.

[29] Contemporary Authors. Gale Research Company. 1994. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-8103-5552-1.

[30] Чхартишвили, Григорий. Collection of materials by Lenta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 26 November 2009.

[31] Hayward, Tim (June 9, 2018). "Anthony Bourdain obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved June 4, 2021.

[32] Ghosh, Amitav Archived 5 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica

[33] Ryan Gilbey (27 December 2016). "Carrie Fisher obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

[Kellman1992-34] Tony Kellman (1992). Crossing Water: Contemporary Poetry of the English-speaking Caribbean. Greenfield Review Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-912678-85-6.

[35] Roger Robinson; Nelson Wattie (1998). The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature. Oxford University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-19-558348-9.

[36] Catherine Cucinella; Emmanuel Sampath Nelson (2002). Contemporary American Women Poets: An A-to-Z Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-313-31783-5.

[37] Murray, Christopher John (2013). Encyclopedia of Modern French Thought. Routledge. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-135-45564-4.

[38] James Campbell, A kind of magic, The Guardian, 10 June 2006.

[39] Hahn 2015, p. 660

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1956 in literature

Events

New books

Fiction

Children and young people

Drama

Poetry

Non-fiction

Births

Deaths

Awards

Notes

References

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