This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in Latin music in the 1970s, namely in Ibero-America (including Spain and Portugal). This includes recordings, festivals, award ceremonies, births and deaths of Latin music artists, and the rise and fall of various subgenres in Latin music from 1970 to 1979.
Overview
By 1975, music market analysts predicted an 8 to 10% growth of Latin music internationally.[1] This growth also expanded into the United States which led to record labels of promoting Latin artists in the country. According to Billboard's Marv Fisher, " international labels are increasingly involved throughout Latin America".[2]
Latin pop
Spanish singer Julio Iglesias was among the pioneers of the balada craze of the 1970s. He would eventually be recognized as the best selling male Latin artist of all time by the Guinness World Record in 2013.
Mexican singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel was one of the most prolific singers of the balada genre during the 1970s.
Latin America went through the balada craze with balladeers from both the region and Spain having a huge Latin audience. Artists include José José, Roberto Carlos, Juan Gabriel, and Julio Iglesias. The latter artist would later become the best-selling male Latin artist of all time.[3]
Regional Mexican
Vicente Fernández was the most popular ranchera singer during the 1970s.
Norteño group Los Tigres del Norte became well-known for their social commentary tracks.
Mariachi music in 1970s, while still popular in the Regional Mexican music field, was named "the last great decade for mariachi music" according to the Los Angeles Times critic Augustin Gurza.[4] The Mexican farmworkers movement since the 1960s led to the popularity corridos which dealt with their impoverished lives.[5] Most notably, norteño group Los Tigres del Norte emerged having performed songs that deal with social commentary.[6] Another emerging genre in the Regional Mexican field was Tejano.[7]Rigo Tovar modernized the Mexican style of cumbia by combining it with rock including utilizing an electric guitar and a synthesizer.[8]
Salsa music was the dominant genre in the tropical field in the 1970s. Fania Records was the prime record label for popularizing and defining salsa music with artists such as Celia Cruz, Rubén Blades, Héctor Lavoe, and Willie Colón.[9] The Colombian vallenato remains popular in the country with artists such as Diomedes Diaz.[10] Likewise, the country's cumbia expanded its popularity outside of country into other Latin American nations including Mexico. Like its Mexican counterpart, the Colombia cumbia saw changes in the genre with the use of a bass guitar, organ, and less emphasis on brass instruments.[11]
Nueva canción
During the 1970s in Latin America, the 1960s music influence remained strong and two styles developed from it one that followed the European and North American trends and Nueva Canción that focused on the renewal of folklore including Andean music and cueca. Some bands such as Los Jaivas from Chile mixed both streams and created a syncretism between folklore and progressive rock. The Nueva Canción movement got an even more marked protest association after all countries in the Southern Cone became (or were already) military dictatorships in the 1970s. In Chile, the Nueva canción styles developed through the 1970s would remain popular until the return to democracy in 1990.
Rock en español
El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006
In the 1970s, rock en Español began to emerge (especially in Argentina), and as imitation bands became fewer, rock music started to develop more independently from the outside, although many rock bands still preferred to sing in English. The Argentine defeat in the Falklands War in 1982 followed by the fall of the mhilitary junta that year diminished need of Nueva Canción as protest music there in favour of other styles.
Jorge Ben's Fôrça Bruta's fusion of Trio Mocotó's groove and Ben's more rockish guitar proved to be a distinctive feature of what critics and musicians later called samba rock.[12] The 1970s also saw the rise of Música popular brasileira, a form of protest songs against the Brazilian military dictatorship. Among the key musicians in the genre was Chico Buarque who was exiled from the country.[13]
November 11 – Billboard magazine announces a new section on its printed magazines titled "Latin Music Spotlight" (later known as "Latin Notas"), which covers three pages of Latin music-related news[15]
December 9 – The first Latin albums chart are compiled by Billboard,under the title the Hot Latin LP's, which surveys sales of Latin LP's in selected regions in the United States including Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, New York, and Texas.[17]
May 17 – The Recording Academy announces that it will include a new category for Latin music for the following Grammy Awards. This marks the first time that a Grammy Award is presented for Latin music.[18]
April 17 – Billboard tracks sales of LP's in Puerto Rico for the first time.[20]
July 31 – Billboard divides Latin LP's into two separate genres for the first time into "Pop LP's" and "Salsa LP's" for the selected regions of the US.[21]
The following is a list of the top 5 best-selling Latin albums of 1977 in the United States divided into the categories of Latin pop and salsa, according to Billboard.[22]
The following is a list of the top 5 best-selling Latin albums of 1978 in the United States divided into the categories of Latin pop and salsa, according to Billboard.[23]
The following is a list of the top 5 best-selling Latin albums of 1979 in the United States divided into the categories of Latin pop and salsa, according to Billboard.[24]
^Parahyba, Jõao (21 September 2005). "Uma Noite Ben Jor". Trip (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
^"The Latin Explosion Is Here!". Billboard. Vol. 84, no. 46. Prometheus Global Media. November 11, 1972. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
^"Hot Latin LP's in Los Angeles". Billboard. Vol. 84, no. 50. Prometheus Global Media. December 9, 1972. p. 10. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
^"Hot Latin LP's". Billboard. April 17, 1976. p. 72.
^"Hot Latin LPs"(PDF). Billboard. July 31, 1976. p. 58. Archived(PDF) from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
^"1977 year-end charts"(PDF). Billboard. December 24, 1977. Archived(PDF) from the original on October 12, 2022. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
^"1978 year end charts"(PDF). Billboard. December 23, 1978. p. TIA-74. Archived(PDF) from the original on October 12, 2022. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
^"1979 year end charts"(PDF). Billboard. December 22, 1979. Archived(PDF) from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
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