Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

2000 Australian Grand Prix

2000 Australian Grand Prix
Race 1 of 17 in the 2000 Formula One World Championship
← Previous raceNext race →
Albert Park Circuit
Albert Park Circuit
Race details[1]
Date 12 March 2000
Official name 2000 Qantas Australian Grand Prix
Location Albert Park Circuit, Albert Park, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Course Temporary street circuit
Course length 5.303[2] km (3.295 miles)
Distance 58 laps, 307.574[3] km (191.118 miles)
Weather Sunny,[3] Air Temp: 20 °C
Pole position
Driver McLaren-Mercedes
Time 1:30.556[4]
Fastest lap
Driver Brazil Rubens Barrichello Ferrari
Time 1:31.481 on lap 41[3]
Podium
First Ferrari
Second Ferrari
Third Williams-BMW
Lap leaders

The 2000 Australian Grand Prix (officially known as the 2000 Qantas Australian Grand Prix)[5] was a Formula One motor race held on 12 March 2000 at the Albert Park Circuit in Albert Park, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia before a crowd of 124,300. It was the first race of the 2000 Formula One World Championship.[6] The 58-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Ferrari team after starting from third position. Schumacher's new teammate for the 2000 season, Rubens Barrichello finished second in the other Ferrari, with Ralf Schumacher third for BMW-Williams.[7]

Mika Häkkinen started on pole position in a McLaren, with teammate David Coulthard alongside him, but both retired with pneumatic valve failures.[8] Three drivers made their Grand Prix debut: future world champion Jenson Button in a BMW-Williams, Nick Heidfeld in a Prost and Gastón Mazzacane in a Minardi. Mazzacane and Button retired from their debut race, and Heidfeld finished ninth, two laps behind.[7][9]

Background

Heading into the first race of the 2000 Formula One World Championship, many were tipping Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher and 1999 World Drivers' Champion, McLaren's Mika Häkkinen as the main contenders to win the 2000 World Drivers' Championship.[10] Schumacher was favourite to win the Championship according to the bookmakers and by some former Formula One drivers,[11][12] including Schumacher's teammate from the 1999 season, and new Jaguar driver Eddie Irvine.[13] The last Drivers' Champion for Ferrari, Jody Scheckter, who did so in the 1979 season, also tipped Schumacher to win the Championship.[14]

Out of the 11 teams and 22 drivers on the starting grid, three drivers made their debut. Nick Heidfeld joined the Prost team alongside Jean Alesi.[15] The two replaced Prost's 1999 season line-up of Olivier Panis, who moved to McLaren as test driver and Jarno Trulli, who moved to Jordan alongside Heinz-Harald Frentzen following Damon Hill's retirement.[16][17] At the Minardi team, Gastón Mazzacane replaced Luca Badoer, who opted to continue as Ferrari test driver, a role he began in 1997.[18] The third rookie driver in the 2000 driver line-up was Jenson Button, who replaced Alessandro Zanardi at Williams. Button, at the time, became the youngest British driver ever to start a Formula One race.[19] Many observers and fellow drivers alike had differing opinions of Williams' choice to take Button on. Sauber driver Mika Salo stated that because of Button's inexperience, he could "hurt himself or somebody else".[20]

Practice

There were four practice sessions held before the Sunday race, two one-hour sessions on Friday and two 45-minute sessions on Saturday.[21] In the first practice session, held on a slippery track surface, Häkkinen set the fastest lap of 1 minute and 32.768 seconds, followed by Michael Schumacher, Rubens Barrichello, David Coulthard, Jacques Villeneuve, Ralf Schumacher, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, Jos Verstappen, Eddie Irvine and Alexander Wurz.[22] During the session, Ricardo Zonta and Heidfeld spun into a gravel trap beside the circuit, Johnny Herbert's car had a possible engine failure that cut out its ignition system,[22] and Michael Schumacher's driving was curtailed due to the on-board television camera mounted atop of his Ferrari melting a wiring loom.[23] Although he removed the left-rear wheel of his car in an sideways accident at the fast sweeping turn 14 midway through the second practice session because he missed the braking point, Michael Schumacher recorded the day's fastest lap of 1 minute and 32.130 seconds. Coulthard was second and Barrichello third. The rest of the top ten were Häkkinen, Villeneuve, Pedro Diniz, Frentzen, Wurz, Zonta and Irvine.[24]

In the third practice session, Michael Schumacher continued to run strongly with the fastest time of 1 minute and 30.439 seconds. Coulthard was 0.519 seconds behind in second place and Frentzen placed third. Fourth went to Barrichello and Trulli was fifth. Ralf Schumacher, Villeneuve, Herbert, Giancarlo Fisichella and Irvine followed in the top ten positions.[25] Häkkinen's engine failed mid-way through his first lap, necessitating two teams of McLaren mechanics to spend 42 minutes dismantling both his and teammate's Coulthard's rear of their cars to change their engines and gearboxes to enable driving in the second practice session later that day.[26] Michael Schumacher paced the final practice session with a lap of 1 minute and 30.390 seconds, ahead of Coulthard, Frentzen, Barrichello, Ralf Schumacher, Trulli, Pedro de la Rosa, Verstappen, Villeneuve and Herbert.[25] On his fourth lap, Button crashed into the turn ten right-hand side barrier at 160 mph (260 km/h) after clipping a kerb,[27] removing the rear wheels from his Williams and heavily damaging its bodywork.[27][28] The session was halted for ten minutes as track marshals extricated his car from the circuit.[28]

Qualifying

Saturday's afternoon qualifying session lasted for an hour. Each driver was limited to twelve laps, with the starting order decided by the drivers' fastest laps. During this session, the 107% rule was in effect, which necessitated each driver set a time within 107% of the quickest lap to qualify for the race.[21] Mika Häkkinen took pole position by three-tenths from teammate David Coulthard, after the pair locked out a McLaren front row to start the season. Michael Schumacher was disappointed with third after a spin by Coulthard had caused a red flag forcing him to abandon his final attempt.[4] Coulthard said that it "was not the intention" for him to disrupt Schumacher on his final flying lap. The top three qualifying places were identical to what they had been in the previous two years. Schumacher's new Ferrari teammate, Rubens Barrichello, qualified fourth, with the Jordans of Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Jarno Trulli behind him on the third row. Eddie Irvine qualified seventh for Jaguar, with Jacques Villeneuve, Giancarlo Fisichella and Mika Salo completing the top ten. Ralf Schumacher was eleventh for the Williams-BMW, with rookie teammate Jenson Button qualifying 21st for his first race, setting a lap time 1.6 seconds slower. Behind Button was another rookie, Gastón Mazzacane, and in front was Jaguar's Johnny Herbert. Button later described his qualifying session by saying "It can't get worse than this".[29]

Qualifying classification

Pos No Driver Constructor Time Gap
1 1 Finland Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Mercedes 1:30.556
2 2 United Kingdom David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes 1:30.910 +0.354
3 3 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari 1:31.075 +0.519
4 4 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Ferrari 1:31.102 +0.546
5 5 Germany Heinz-Harald Frentzen Jordan-Mugen-Honda 1:31.359 +0.803
6 6 Italy Jarno Trulli Jordan-Mugen-Honda 1:31.504 +0.948
7 7 United Kingdom Eddie Irvine Jaguar-Cosworth 1:31.514 +0.958
8 22 Canada Jacques Villeneuve BAR-Honda 1:31.968 +1.412
9 11 Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Benetton-Playlife 1:31.992 +1.436
10 17 Finland Mika Salo Sauber-Petronas 1:32.018 +1.462
11 9 Germany Ralf Schumacher Williams-BMW 1:32.220 +1.664
12 18 Spain Pedro de la Rosa Arrows-Supertec 1:32.323 +1.767
13 19 Netherlands Jos Verstappen Arrows-Supertec 1:32.477 +1.921
14 12 Austria Alexander Wurz Benetton-Playlife 1:32.775 +2.219
15 15 Germany Nick Heidfeld Prost-Peugeot 1:33.024 +2.468
16 23 Brazil Ricardo Zonta BAR-Honda 1:33.117 +2.561
17 14 France Jean Alesi Prost-Peugeot 1:33.197 +2.641
18 20 Spain Marc Gené Minardi-Fondmetal 1:33.261 +2.705
19 16 Brazil Pedro Diniz Sauber-Petronas 1:33.378 +2.822
20 8 United Kingdom Johnny Herbert Jaguar-Cosworth 1:33.638 +3.082
21 10 United Kingdom Jenson Button Williams-BMW 1:33.828 +3.272
22 21 Argentina Gastón Mazzacane Minardi-Fondmetal 1:34.705 +4.149
107% time: 1:36.895
Source:[30]

Warm-up

In Sunday morning's half an hour warm-up session, Barrichello paced the field with a time of 1 minute and 31.225 seconds. He was 1.573 seconds faster than Button in second place who had a small oil leak and fire in the pit lane. The two McLarens were third and fourth, with Häkkinen ahead of Coulthard. Verstappen was fifth and Fisichella sixth. Jean Alesi, Michael Schumacher, de la Rosa and Salo completed the top ten going into the race.[31]

Race

The race began before a total of 124,300 people at 14:00 local time.[32] 21 of the 22 cars started on the grid, with Prost driver Alesi the only car to start from the pit lane.[33] Häkkinen converted his pole position from qualifying to lead into the first corner at the start of the race. Coulthard and Schumacher remained in second and third place respectively, but Barrichello was overtaken by Frentzen into turn one, dropping him down to fifth place. Trulli rounded out the top six places at the end of lap 1.[33] At the back of the field, Button gained six positions, moving from 21st to 15th position.[29][34] This was partially due to a collision between Minardi driver Marc Gené and rookie Heidfeld, which left Gené last in the order as he had to pit for repairs.[2]

Jaguar driver Johnny Herbert was the first person to retire, retiring with clutch problems on lap 2. By lap 4, the two McLarens of Häkkinen and Coulthard, along with Schumacher, were already pulling away from Frentzen's Jordan, who was five seconds behind Schumacher. On lap 7, the front suspension on the Arrows car of Pedro de la Rosa failed, sending him into a tyre barrier. Herbert's teammate, Irvine spun trying to avoid the Arrows car. Irvine could not get the Jaguar going again as it suffered an engine failure.[33] Both retired from the race. The safety car was deployed to slow the other cars down so the marshals could clear up the wreckage.[34][35]

When the green flag was given at the end of lap 10, Coulthard slowed dramatically and came in for a pit stop with engine problems. Coulthard returned to the track, but the problem continued and forced his retirement on lap 11. Schumacher was now promoted to second, with Frentzen in third place. Barrichello was in fourth place, with Trulli fifth. Behind the top five, BAR driver Jacques Villeneuve was in sixth place, heading a queue of cars down to 12th place Button.[33] Häkkinen retired on lap 18, with the same problem as his teammate; a double retirement almost identical to the 1999 race.[34] With Häkkinen's retirement, Schumacher led by 16.5 seconds from Frentzen in second. Schumacher made his one and only pit stop on lap 29, giving Frentzen the lead. Schumacher rejoined the track in third, just in front of Trulli.[33][35] Barrichello was the next driver of the front running cars to pit on lap 33, but the Ferrari team switched him to a two stop strategy so that he could move ahead of Frentzen.[35]

Trulli retired his Jordan car on lap 36 with gearbox problems. The retirements and pit stops moved Button up the order, putting the Williams driver in third place before his pit stop on lap 36.[33][34] Frentzen also made a pit stop on lap 36, but the Jordan mechanics experienced problems while refuelling the car, costing Frentzen over ten seconds in the stop. Frentzen rejoined the track in sixth, however retired three laps later with gearbox problems.[34][35] Barrichello took the lead on lap 45, overtaking teammate Schumacher before making his second pit stop. Barrichello rejoined the track second.[35]

The retirements of the McLaren and Jordan team cars elevated Ralf Schumacher, Button's Williams teammate, into third position. Villeneuve was fourth, Giancarlo Fisichella was fifth in the Benetton, with Button sixth.[33] With 11 laps remaining Button retired from the race with an engine failure.[29] Ricardo Zonta, in a BAR, was promoted to sixth, but was overtaken by Salo with a few laps remaining.[33] Schumacher won the race after 58 laps in a time 1:34:01.987, twelve seconds ahead of second placed Barrichello, who completed a Ferrari one-two finish. Ralf Schumacher was classified third, with Villeneuve close behind in fourth, giving BAR their first ever points in Formula One.[35] Fisichella finished fifth, with Salo initially classified as sixth in the Sauber. However, a few hours after the race, Salo was disqualified from the race for a bodywork infringement, promoting Zonta into sixth position.[33]

Post-race

After the race, Michael Schumacher said:

I was driving pretty easily from the beginning, I was saving my tyres, saving my fuel, ready for the final moments when the pit stops came and I had to attack. Unfortunately the two guys in front of me broke down. I would have preferred to race them to the end, to prove how good we really are.[35]

Race classification

Pos. No. Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
1 3 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari 58 1:34:01.987 3 10
2 4 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Ferrari 58 +11.415 4 6
3 9 Germany Ralf Schumacher Williams-BMW 58 +20.009 11 4
4 22 Canada Jacques Villeneuve BAR-Honda 58 +44.447 8 3
5 11 Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Benetton-Playlife 58 +45.165 9 2
6 23 Brazil Ricardo Zonta BAR-Honda 58 +46.468 16 1
7 12 Austria Alexander Wurz Benetton-Playlife 58 +46.915 14
8 20 Spain Marc Gené Minardi-Fondmetal 57 +1 Lap 18
9 15 Germany Nick Heidfeld Prost-Peugeot 56 +2 Laps 15
Ret 10 United Kingdom Jenson Button Williams-BMW 46 Engine 21
Ret 16 Brazil Pedro Diniz Sauber-Petronas 41 Transmission 19
Ret 21 Argentina Gastón Mazzacane Minardi-Fondmetal 40 Gearbox 22
Ret 5 Germany Heinz-Harald Frentzen Jordan-Mugen-Honda 39 Hydraulics 5
Ret 6 Italy Jarno Trulli Jordan-Mugen-Honda 35 Engine 6
Ret 14 France Jean Alesi Prost-Peugeot 27 Hydraulics PL
Ret 1 Finland Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Mercedes 18 Engine 1
Ret 19 Netherlands Jos Verstappen Arrows-Supertec 16 Suspension 13
Ret 2 United Kingdom David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes 11 Engine 2
Ret 18 Spain Pedro de la Rosa Arrows-Supertec 6 Suspension/Accident 12
Ret 7 United Kingdom Eddie Irvine Jaguar-Cosworth 6 Spun off 7
Ret 8 United Kingdom Johnny Herbert Jaguar-Cosworth 1 Clutch 20
DSQ 17 Finland Mika Salo Sauber-Petronas 58 Bodywork infringement (+45.624) 10
Source:[7]

Championship standings after the race

Note: Only the top 5 positions are show for both sets of standings.

References

  1. ^ "2000 Australian Grand Prix". Motor Sport. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  2. ^ a b "GRAND PRIX RESULTS: AUSTRALIAN GP, 2000". GrandPrix.com. Inside F1, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  3. ^ a b c "Michael Schumacher Wins the Australian GP". Atlas F1 and Reuters. Haymarket Publications. 12 March 2000. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  4. ^ a b "Hakkinen Sets 22nd Pole in Qualifying – Australian GP". Atlas F1 and Reuters. Haymarket Publications. 11 March 2000. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  5. ^ "Australia". Formula1.com. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  6. ^ Tytler, Ewan. "The Australian GP Preview". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  7. ^ a b c "2000 Australian Grand Prix". The Official Formula 1 Website. Formula One Management. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  8. ^ Mossop, James (13 March 2000). "Australian Grand Prix: Ferrari off to a flyer". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 November 2002.
  9. ^ "Slow starters, or dream debuts?". The Official Formula 1 Website. Formula One Management. 13 March 2007. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  10. ^ "Australian GP Preview Homepage". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  11. ^ "Schumacher Bookie's Favourite to Win Drivers' Title". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. 3 March 2000. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  12. ^ The F1 Rumours Team. "The Grapevine – Rumours and speculation in the world of Formula One". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2008.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Allsop, Derick (1 March 2000). "Irvine provides new spin on McLaren rival". The Independent. Independent News and Media. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2008.[dead link]
  14. ^ Gordon, Ian (4 March 2000). "Schumacher can Scheck in for title". The Independent. Independent News and Media. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2008.[dead link]
  15. ^ "Prost Signs Heidfeld". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. 27 August 1999. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  16. ^ Fearnley, Paul (22 October 1999). "Pitpass: Ollie taks test". F1 Racing (November 1999). Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom: Haymarket Magazine: 21. ISSN 1361-4487.
  17. ^ Fearnley, Paul (18 February 2000). "2000 Preview". F1 Racing (March 2000). Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom: Haymarket Magazine: 54–86. ISSN 1361-4487.
  18. ^ "Minardi Announce Mazzacane as Second Driver". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. 14 February 2000. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  19. ^ "Williams Launch New Car; Button Replaces Zanardi". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. 24 January 2000. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  20. ^ McRae, Donald (11 March 2000). "Moment of truth for Button, the most hyped driver since Senna". guardian.co.uk. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  21. ^ a b Domenjoz, Luc, ed. (2000). "Sporting regulations". Formula 1 Yearbook 2000–2001. Bath, Somerset: Parragon. pp. 220–221. ISBN 0-75254-735-6 – via Internet Archive.
  22. ^ a b "Friday First Free Practice – Australian GP". Atlas F1. 10 March 2000. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  23. ^ "Australian Grand Prix; Rookie Button gets bird". The Advertiser. 11 March 2000. p. 152. Retrieved 27 February 2019 – via Infotrac Newsstand.
  24. ^ "Friday Second Free Practice – Australian GP". Atlas F1. 10 March 2000. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  25. ^ a b "Top Six: Session Times: Free 2". Gale Force F1. 11 March 2000. Archived from the original on 27 February 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  26. ^ "Two engines changed by McLaren mechanics in record time". Formula1.com. 11 March 2000. Archived from the original on 17 December 2000. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  27. ^ a b "New boy Button crashes in Grand Prix practice". F1Racing.net. 11 March 2000. Archived from the original on 18 March 2005. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  28. ^ a b "Button crashes in Saturday's First Free Practice". Atlas F1. 11 March 2000. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  29. ^ a b c Benson, Andrew (13 March 2000). "Button bright in baptism of fire". guardian.co.uk. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  30. ^ F1, STATS. "Australia 2000 – Qualifications • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ "Sunday Warm-Up – Australian GP". Atlas F1. 12 March 2000. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  32. ^ D'Alessio, Paolo (October 2000). "Australian GP". Formula 1 2000: World Championship Yearbook: The Complete Record of the Grand Prix Season. Stillwater, Minnesota: Voyageur Press. p. 169. ISBN 0-89658-499-2.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lupini, Michele. "The Australian GP Review". Atlas F1. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  34. ^ a b c d e Windsor, Peter; Clarkson, Tom (17 March 2000). "Schuey's confidence repaid". F1 Racing (March 2000). Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom: Haymarket Magazine: 136–143. ISSN 1361-4487.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g Henry, Alan (13 March 2000). "Ferrari fire as Button comes undone". guardian.co.uk. Guardian News and Media. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  36. ^ a b "Australia 2000 – Championship • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
Previous race:
1999 Japanese Grand Prix
FIA Formula One World Championship
2000 season
Next race:
2000 Brazilian Grand Prix
Previous race:
1999 Australian Grand Prix
Australian Grand Prix Next race:
2001 Australian Grand Prix

37°50′59″S 144°58′06″E / 37.84972°S 144.96833°E / -37.84972; 144.96833

Read more information:

Bangladesh Government ministry that has responsibilities for the health of the Bangladeshi people People's Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfareস্বাস্থ্য ও পরিবার কল্যাণ মন্ত্রণালয় (Sbāsthya ō paribār kalyāṇ Montronaloya)Government Seal of BangladeshAgency overviewJurisdictionGovernment of BangladeshHeadquartersDhakaAnnual budget$3.85 billion (2021-22)Minister responsibleSamanta Lal Sen, MinisterAgenc…

Aiuraあいうら MangaPengarangChamaPenerbitKadokawa ShotenMajalah4-Koma Nano AceTerbit2011 – 2014Volume7 Seri animeSutradaraRyōsuke NakamuraMusikShūsei Murai ? studio = Liden FilmsSaluranasliTV Tokyo, AT-X  Portal anime dan manga Aiura (あいうらcode: ja is deprecated ) adalah serial manga yonkoma Jepang yang ditulis dan diilustrasikan oleh Chama. Manga ini pertama kali diterbitkan pada niconico Seiga. Manga ini telah diadaptasikan ke serial anime.[1] Karakter ini aiura…

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi RiauPeriode 2019-2024JenisJenisUnikameral Jangka waktu5 tahunSejarahDidirikan13 November 1967Sesi baru dimulai6 September 2019PimpinanKetuaYulisman, S.Sia (Golkar) sejak 17 Desember 2020 Wakil Ketua IH. Syafaruddin Poti, S.H.b (PDI-P) sejak 15 Februari 2021 Wakil Ketua IIH. Agung Nugroho, S.E.c (Demokrat) sejak 17 Desember 2020 Wakil Ketua IIIHardianto, S.E. (Gerindra) sejak 7 Oktober 2019 KomposisiAnggota65Partai & kursiPemerintah (49)…

Never Dies the Dream AuthorMargaret LandonCountryUSALanguageEnglishGenreHistorical fictionPublished1949PublisherDoubledayPages309 Never Dies the Dream is a 1949 novel by Margaret Landon.[1] The books centers around India Severn, an upright missionary assisting the waifs of Bangkok. She comes to the aid of an American widow of a Siamese prince.[2][3] References ^ Landon, Margaret (November 11, 1949). Never Dies the Dream. Doubleday – via Google Books. ^ Martin, Jane …

Ekonomi   Ekonomi menurut kawasan  Afrika · Amerika Amerika Selatan · Asia Eropa · Oseania Kategori umum Ekonomi mikro · Ekonomi makro Sejarah pemikiran ekonomi Metodologi  · Pendekatan heterodoks Bidang dan subbidang Perilaku  · Budaya  · Evolusi Pertumbuhan  · Pengembangan  · Sejarah Internasional · Sistem ekonomi Keuangan dan Ekonomi keuangan Masyarakat dan Ekonomi keseja…

Contoh pengarsipan sampel benih dalam sebuah bank benih Bank benih adalah sebuah fasilitas penyimpanan benih yang akan digunakan di kemudian hari ketika dibutuhkan atau dalam kondisi darurat. Benih yang disimpan merupakan benih tanaman pangan yang saat ini sedang ditanam dan benih tumbuhan langka yang terancam punah. Benih tanaman pangan disimpan dengan alasan yang beragam, mulai dari preservasi varietas tertentu, seperti varietas kerabat liar tanaman pertanian yang mungkin memiliki kode genetik…

Leonardo DiCaprioDiCaprio tahun 2019LahirLeonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio11 November 1974 (umur 49)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktorproduser filmTahun aktif1989–sekarangOrganisasi Appian Way Productions Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation GelarUtusan Perdamaian PBB (ditunjuk pada tahun 2014)Situs web Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (lahir 11 November 1974) adalah seorang aktor dan produser film asal Amerika Serikat. Dikenal karena karyanya dalam film bio…

Libro dei morti: sono visibili, seduti e in dimensione ridotta, alcuni dei 42 giudici di Maat (dal Papiro di Ani). British Museum, Londra. I giudici di Maat sono divinità egizie appartenenti alla religione dell'antico Egitto, 42 deità giudicanti, divinità minori della giustizia (Maat) che, secondo la visione teologica egizia, avrebbero partecipato alla psicostasia e al giudizio di Osiride nell'aldilà[1][2][3]. Indice 1 Descrizione 1.1 Confessioni negative e pesatura d…

Université Paris-Nanterre Universitas Paris-Nanterre (Prancis: Université Paris-Nanterrecode: fr is deprecated ) adalah universitas riset publik di Prancis. Universitas mengkhususkan diri dalam ilmu ekonomi, manusia dan sosial, hukum, sastra, psikologi dan ilmu politik.[1] Universitas adalah pewaris fakultas sastra dan ilmu manusia yang didirikan pada tahun 1964 dan fakultas hukum dan ekonomi yang didirikan pada tahun 1966 untuk mengurangi kemacetan di Sorbonne. Lulusan terkenal Cheng …

الاتحاد الإستوني لكرة القدم الاسم المختصر EJL الرياضة كرة القدم أسس عام 1921 (منذ 103 سنوات) المقر تالين  الانتسابات الفيفا : 1923 UEFA  : 1992 رمز الفيفا EST  الموقع الرسمي www.jalgpall.ee تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الشعار السابق للاتحاد تأسس الاتحاد الأستوني لكرة القدم في عام 1921م وانضم إل…

منتخب لاتفيا لكرة الطائرة للرجال كونفدرالية الاتحاد الأوروبي لكرة الطائرة [الإنجليزية] الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية المشاركات 0 بطولة أوروبا المشاركات 1 (أولها في سنة 1995) أفضل نتيجة المركز الحادي عشر (1995) الطقم الأساسي الطقم الاحتياطي الموقع الرسمي volejbols.lv تعديل مصدري - تعديل …

Strada statale 637di Frosinone e di GaetaDenominazioni successiveStrada regionale 637 di Frosinone e di Gaeta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Lazio DatiClassificazioneStrada statale InizioFrosinone FineFondi Lunghezza52,045[1] km Provvedimento di istituzioneD.M. 19/08/1971 - G.U. 262 del 15/10/1971[2] GestoreANAS (1971-2002) Manuale La ex strada statale 637 di Frosinone e di Gaeta (SS 637), ora strada regionale 637 di Frosinone e di Gaeta (SR 637)[3], era una…

Magdalena Andersson Pemimpin Partai Demokrat SosialPetahanaMulai menjabat 4 November 2021Sekretaris JenderalTobias Baudin PendahuluStefan LöfvenPenggantiPetahanaPerdana Menteri SwediaMasa jabatan30 November 2021 – 18 Oktober 2022Penguasa monarkiCarl XVI GustafWakilMorgan Johansson PendahuluStefan LöfvenPenggantiUlf KristerssonMenteri KeuanganMasa jabatan3 Oktober 2014 – 30 November 2021Penguasa monarkiCarl XVI GustafPerdana MenteriStefan Löfven PendahuluAnders BorgPe…

Boeing 727Boeing 727-200 milik maskapai Merpati Nusantara AirlinesTipePesawat jet berbadan sempitTerbang perdana9 Februari 1963Diperkenalkan1 Februari 1964 dengan Eastern AirlinesStatusTidak aktif Produksi, dalam pelayanan terbatas untuk kargo dan eksekutifPengguna utamaKelowna Flightcraft Air CharterPengguna lainCargojet AirwaysIran Aseman AirlinesKalitta ChartersMerpati Nusantara AirlinesTahun produksi1963–1984Jumlah produksi1,831 unitHarga satuan$4.25 juta (inisial), $22 juta (1982) Boeing …

Establishment that serves coffee Café redirects here. Not to be confused with Cafeteria or Cafe (British). For other uses, see Café (disambiguation) and Coffeehouse (disambiguation). The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the o…

Census designated place in California, United StatesMuir BeachCensus designated placeMuir Beach as seen from the beach in December 2013Location in Marin County and the state of CaliforniaMuir Beach CDP, CaliforniaCoordinates: 37°51′44″N 122°34′53″W / 37.86222°N 122.58139°W / 37.86222; -122.58139Country United StatesState CaliforniaCountyMarinGovernment • TypeCommunity Services District • Board membersSee Directors •…

Mekar SidamanikNagoriKantor Pangulu Nagori Mekar SidamanikNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenSimalungunKecamatanSidamanikKode pos21171Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Mekar Sidamanik merupakan salah satu nagori yang ada di kecamatan Sidamanik, kabupaten Simalungun, provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Pemerintahan Nagori Mekar Sidamanik terdiri dari Huta (dusun) Afd A Sidamanik, Afd B Sidamanik, dan huta lainnya. lbsKecamatan Sidamanik, Kabupaten Simalung…

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la politique. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Dans un système parlementaire, l'opposition désigne le ou les groupes parlementaires qui ne soutiennent pas le gouvernement. Dans certains pays, l'opposition parlementaire jouit d'un statut propre, notamment dans les pays utilisant le système de Westminster. Dans ces derniers, le parti d'opposition le plus import…

Ini adalah nama Batak Angkola, marganya adalah Siregar. Oki Doni Siregar Wakil Wali Kota Tebing Tinggi ke-2PetahanaMulai menjabat 2014PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurTengku Erry NuradiEdy RahmayadiWali KotaUmar Zunaidi Hasibuan PendahuluIrham TaufikPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir29 Januari 1969 (umur 55)Kuala Simpang, Aceh Tamiang, AcehKebangsaanIndonesiaSuami/istriNila ErwitaSunting kotak info • L • B Ir.H.Oki Doni Siregar,MM (lahir 29 Januari 1969) adalah Wakil W…

American politician This article is about the Utah legislator. For the Irish Gaelic footballer, see Greg Hughes (Gaelic footballer). For the radio broadcaster, see Gregg Hughes. Greg HughesSpeaker of the Utah House of RepresentativesIn officeJanuary 26, 2015 – December 31, 2018Preceded byBecky LockhartSucceeded byBrad WilsonMember of the Utah House of Representativesfrom the 51st districtIn officeJanuary 1, 2003 – December 31, 2018Preceded byJohn SwallowSucceede…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya