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2008 German Grand Prix

2008 German Grand Prix
Race 10 of 18 in the 2008 Formula One World Championship
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Race details
Date 20 July 2008
Official name Formula 1 Grosser Preis Santander von Deutschland 2008
Location Hockenheimring, Hockenheim, Germany
Course Permanent racing facility
Course length 4.574 km (2.842 miles)
Distance 67 laps, 306.458 km (190.424 miles)
Weather Cloudy, later sunny[1]
Pole position
Driver McLaren-Mercedes
Time 1:15.666
Fastest lap
Driver Germany Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber
Time 1:15.987 on lap 52
Podium
First McLaren-Mercedes
Second Renault
Third Ferrari
Lap leaders

The 2008 German Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Grosser Preis Santander von Deutschland 2008)[2] was a Formula One motor race held on 20 July 2008 at the Hockenheimring, Hockenheim, Germany. It was the 10th race of the 2008 Formula One World Championship and was contested over 67 laps. It was won by Lewis Hamilton for the McLaren team after starting from pole position. Nelson Piquet Jr. finished second for Renault, with Felipe Massa third for Ferrari.

Hamilton maintained his startline advantage and led until he made his first pit stop on lap 18. As other cars made their pit stops, Hamilton regained the lead on lap 22. On lap 36, Timo Glock crashed, and the race was neutralized by the deployment of the safety car. Hamilton, on a two-stop strategy, did not stop to get more fuel during this period, while all the cars around him did. Thus, when he did eventually stop on lap 50, he rejoined the race in fifth position. In the closing stages of the race, Hamilton first overtook his teammate Heikki Kovalainen, then Massa, and finally Piquet, whilst also gaining a position due to Nick Heidfeld's late pit stop. This allowed him to take the lead again on lap 60, which he maintained to win the race.

The victory was Hamilton's second consecutive win, having won the preceding British Grand Prix at Silverstone. The win also put him ahead of his two main rivals in the Drivers' Championship, Kimi Räikkönen (who finished sixth) and Massa, who were on equal points with him before the race. After the race he was four points ahead of Massa, and seven ahead of Räikkönen. In the Constructors' Championship, McLaren drew closer to the two teams ahead of them, BMW Sauber and Ferrari. Ferrari still led by 15 points from McLaren, and 12 from BMW, whose drivers – Nick Heidfeld and Robert Kubica – finished fourth and seventh respectively.

Background

The Grand Prix was contested by 20 drivers, in ten teams of two.[3] The teams, also known as "constructors", were Ferrari, McLaren-Mercedes, Renault, BMW Sauber, Honda, Force India, Toyota, Red Bull Racing, Williams and Toro Rosso.[3] Tyre supplier Bridgestone selected the hard and medium tyres for the Grand Prix weekend.[4] Prior to the race, Lewis Hamilton, Kimi Räikkönen, and Felipe Massa led the Drivers' Championship jointly, all with 48 points. Behind them was Robert Kubica in fourth with 46 points for BMW Sauber, and his teammate Nick Heidfeld in fifth with 36 points.[5] In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari were leading with 96 points, 14 points ahead of BMW Sauber, who at this stage were ahead of McLaren, despite Hamilton tying for the lead of the Drivers' World Championship. This was due to Heikki Kovalainen's low point score of 24. Toyota were fourth, with 25 points, ahead of Red Bull by one point, who in turn were one further point ahead of Renault.[5]

Hamilton had won the preceding British Grand Prix by 68 seconds from Heidfeld and Honda's Rubens Barrichello. Of his championship rivals, Räikkönen had finished fourth, Kubica had retired, and Massa had had a nightmare of a race, spinning five times and finishing 13th.[6] In the run-up to the German Grand Prix, Hamilton had tested the McLaren MP4-23's new front wing – introduced at the British Grand Prix – extensively in the team's simulator, and then during a pre-race test session at the Hockenheim circuit.[7] Having honed the car's setup to his liking after initially finding the handling difficult, he used it in the race.[7] Kovalainen was not as comfortable with the car's handling and ran a greater front wing angle to produce more downforce, at the expense of having to run larger radiators due to the reduced airflow produced over the car.[7] This led to a slight reduction in his car's overall performance.[7] In other technical developments, Ferrari introduced revised bargeboards, exhaust exits and an altered windscreen for its F2008 car.[8] BMW Sauber added turning vanes to the top of its F1.08's nose, while Toyota removed some bodywork from its TF108's exhaust exits.[8] Honda also introduced new bargeboards for its RA108 chassis.[8] All of these changes were carried out with the aim of improving each car's aerodynamic performance.[8]

Practice

Three practice sessions were held before the Sunday race – two on Friday, and a third on Saturday. The Friday morning and afternoon sessions each lasted 90 minutes. The third session was held on Saturday morning and lasted an hour.[9] During the first practice session the track was wet following early-morning rain, and shortly after the session started, further precipitation made the track even wetter, although it did begin to dry out as the session progressed.[10] Hamilton was fastest in this session ahead of his teammate Kovalainen.[10] The Ferraris of Massa and Räikkönen came third and fifth respectively, with Renault's Fernando Alonso sandwiched between them in fourth place.[10] Kubica spun off the track and Sébastien Bourdais had a mechanical problem with his flywheel sensor towards the end of the session.[11] Both ended up at the bottom of the timesheets as a result of these problems.[10]

Friday's second session was held in dry conditions.[12] Hamilton again set the fastest time. Massa and Räikkönen improved to second and third positions, pushing Kovalainen down to fourth.[12] Mark Webber set the fifth-fastest time, after earlier having electrical and clutch problems with the car.[13] Alonso, Nico Rosberg, Kubica, Heidfeld and David Coulthard made up the rest of the top ten.[12] In the final practice session on Saturday – which was held in dry conditions – Kovalainen was fastest, ahead of Massa and teammate Hamilton.[14] Alonso continued his strong practice form, finishing fourth, with Toro Rosso's Sebastian Vettel making it to fifth position. Kubica once again was at the bottom of the table, this time due to a transmission problem.[14]

Qualifying

"What a lap! My first run during [the third session of qualifying] wasn’t bad, but my final lap was very smooth and I expected to set an even better time. The wind made today's conditions quite tricky and sometimes it was difficult to stay on the racing line, particularly in the stadium section – where the wind seemed to change a couple of times. The team did a really good job to adjust to these conditions and to prepare the car perfectly. We’ve been fast and consistent all weekend, we have good pace, and I'm confident for tomorrow."

Lewis Hamilton, following the third qualifying session.[15]

The qualifying session on Saturday afternoon was split into three parts. The first part ran for 20 minutes, and cars that finished the session 16th or lower were eliminated from qualifying. The second part of qualifying lasted 15 minutes and eliminated cars that finished in positions 11 to 15. The final part of qualifying determined the positions from first to tenth, and decided pole position. Cars which failed to make the final session could refuel before the race, so ran lighter in those sessions. Cars which competed in the final session of qualifying were not allowed to refuel before the race, and as such carried more fuel than in the previous sessions.[9]

Hamilton took pole position for the ninth time in his career with a lap time of 1:15.666, having beaten Massa by two-tenths of a second in his final lap of the third session.[16] Kovalainen, coming back after an error during his first run, qualified third, with Jarno Trulli taking fourth position.[16] Alonso and Räikkönen were close together in fifth and sixth positions, with just 0.004 seconds separating them.[16] Kubica took a comfortable seventh, half a second quicker in the third session than eighth-placed Webber.[16] Vettel and Coulthard completed the top ten.[16][17] Timo Glock took 11th place on the grid for Toyota, seven places behind his teammate Trulli. He was immediately in front of compatriots Heidfeld and Rosberg. Jenson Button and Bourdais took 14th and 15th positions respectively.[16] Both Heidfeld and Button later said that they suffered from tyre problems during the session.[15]

Completing the field, Kazuki Nakajima was 16th, Nelson Piquet Jr. 17th, Rubens Barrichello 18th, whilst the Force Indias of Adrian Sutil and Giancarlo Fisichella brought up the rear of the grid in 19th and 20th positions.[16] Piquet later complained that he was blocked during his first-session run by Vettel: "During my lap, Vettel was in front of me, which unsettled me a little, although the FIA felt that he did not impede me."[15] Kovalainen was, however, penalized by the stewards and fined 5,000 for using a refuelling system during qualifying which had not been approved by the FIA.[18]

Qualifying classification

Pos No Driver Constructor Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Grid
1 22 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes 1:15.218 1:14.603 1:15.666 1
2 2 Brazil Felipe Massa Ferrari 1:14.921 1:14.747 1:15.859 2
3 23 Finland Heikki Kovalainen McLaren-Mercedes 1:15.476 1:14.855 1:16.143 3
4 11 Italy Jarno Trulli Toyota 1:15.560 1:15.122 1:16.191 4
5 5 Spain Fernando Alonso Renault 1:15.917 1:14.943 1:16.385 5
6 1 Finland Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 1:15.201 1:14.949 1:16.389 6
7 4 Poland Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 1:15.985 1:15.109 1:16.521 7
8 10 Australia Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 1:15.900 1:15.481 1:17.014 8
9 15 Germany Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:15.532 1:15.420 1:17.244 9
10 9 United Kingdom David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 1:15.975 1:15.338 1:17.503 10
11 12 Germany Timo Glock Toyota 1:15.560 1:15.508 11
12 3 Germany Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 1:15.596 1:15.581 12
13 7 Germany Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 1:15.863 1:15.633 13
14 16 United Kingdom Jenson Button Honda 1:15.993 1:15.701 14
15 14 France Sébastien Bourdais Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:15.927 1:15.858 15
16 8 Japan Kazuki Nakajima Williams-Toyota 1:16.083 16
17 6 Brazil Nelson Piquet Jr. Renault 1:16.189 17
18 17 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Honda 1:16.246 18
19 20 Germany Adrian Sutil Force India-Ferrari 1:16.657 19
20 21 Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Force India-Ferrari 1:16.963 20
Source:[19]

Race

Lewis Hamilton won the race from pole position, overcoming a late race safety car period in the process.

At the start, Hamilton, Massa and Kovalainen all maintained their grid positions. Hamilton quickly began to pull away from the other cars, at the rate of about half a second per lap.[20] Behind the leading trio, Kubica passed Räikkönen off the grid, and went on to pass both Alonso and Trulli at the hairpin (turn 4), when Alonso's own attempted pass on Trulli delayed both drivers.[21] The fight for fourth position continued in the early stages of the race. Kubica ran wide at the final corner on lap four, impeding Trulli and therefore allowing Alonso to attempt an overtaking manoeuvre on the Toyota down the main straight. However, Trulli held on to his position, and Alonso was instead passed by Räikkönen, moving him down to sixth position. At the back of the field, Nakajima spun his Williams but recovered back onto the track and continued in the race.[22]

At the first round of pit stops, Hamilton had a lead of nearly 20 seconds over Massa, and fuelled longer than all the other drivers in the points-scoring positions when he pitted on lap 18. Coming out of the pits, Hamilton made an error and was passed by Trulli. The two drivers then nearly collided at the hairpin, with Hamilton holding back for the rest of the lap waiting for Trulli to pit.[22] Trulli's teammate Glock stayed out on the track longer than all of the other drivers except Barrichello and Piquet, meaning that when he pitted, he was actually in third position and rejoined the race in eighth. Hamilton regained the lead by lap 22 after Massa, Kovalainen, Trulli and Räikkönen made their pit stops, and had in the region of an 11-second lead over Massa at the half-way stage of the race.[22] Behind the leaders, fourth-placed Kubica was beginning to catch Kovalainen in third, while Trulli, Räikkönen, Alonso and Vettel battled over the final four point-scoring places.[22]

On the 36th lap, Glock's right-rear suspension failed coming out of the final corner.[22] He spun through 180 degrees before hitting the pit wall with a strong rearward impact, with debris flying across the track.[21] The car, pointing the wrong way, rolled to a stop on the grass. A dazed Glock extracted himself before being treated at the medical centre. The safety car was deployed after the accident.[22] When the pit lane opened on lap 38, most drivers headed in, including all of the leaders except Hamilton.[22] McLaren believed that Hamilton had enough fuel to stay out, the plan being for him to then rapidly pull away from his heavily fuelled rivals, after the safety car went in. Hamilton needed to build up enough of a lead to rejoin still in first position, following his final pit stop.[23] This would prove to be very risky, as Massa rejoined in fourth position, fuelled to the finish.[21]

Piquet, on a one-stop strategy after his poor qualifying performance, had fortuitously pitted immediately prior to the safety car's deployment and was also fuelled to the end of the race.[21][22] Promoted to third place from 14th beforehand following the pit stops, he was set to take the lead once Hamilton and Heidfeld (who also had not pitted under the safety car conditions) pitted for their final stops.[24] Further back, Vettel squeezed past Alonso at the pit exit, pushing him over the white line separating the pit lane exit from the track. Alonso complained over his radio but no action was taken against either driver.[22] Meanwhile, Räikkönen dropped several places to 11th, having had to queue behind Massa at the second pit stops.[22]

Nelson Piquet finished in second position, despite qualifying in 17th.

When the safety car came in on lap 42, Hamilton led, while Heidfeld and Piquet were running second and third.[22] Behind them were Massa, Kubica, Kovalainen, Trulli, Vettel, Alonso, Webber, Rosberg and Räikkönen.[20] Webber's Red Bull had been dripping oil for a couple of laps after picking up debris from Glock's crash, and on lap 40 he pulled out of the race.[22][25] Räikkönen quickly passed Rosberg, and then overtook the squabbling Vettel and Alonso on the way down to the hairpin, while Hamilton desperately tried to pull away at the front.[22] Räikkönen passed Trulli two laps later, while Kovalainen overtook Kubica for fifth place. Coulthard and Barrichello collided on the 48th lap with both cars pitting for repairs.[22] Barrichello retired three laps later due to damage sustained as a result of the incident. Hamilton pitted on lap 50, coming out behind Heidfeld, Piquet, Massa and Kovalainen.[21][22] Kovalainen let his teammate past at the hairpin one lap later, meaning that Hamilton was now fourth. On lap 52, Heidfeld set a new fastest lap time of 1:15.987. He was the only driver to go under one minute 16 seconds during the Grand Prix.[26] At the end of the following lap, Heidfeld entered the pits with a sizeable gap over Piquet, returning to the field comfortably ahead of Kovalainen, but behind Hamilton.[25]

Hamilton's speed allowed him to quickly catch Massa in second position, with Piquet in the lead by a further three seconds. On lap 57, Hamilton passed Massa at the hairpin. Massa appeared to have the inside line covered, but he was not fully committed to the line into the braking zone, giving Hamilton the chance to take second position.[21] Three laps later, he used a similar overtaking move to overtake Piquet, although the Renault driver put up a greater fight than Massa had.[21] Hamilton led easily to the finish, although Piquet kept within six seconds of him.[21] Heidfeld threatened a slowing Massa in the last laps, while Räikkönen was able to pass Kubica for sixth place on lap 60.[22]

Hamilton took the chequered flag first, while Piquet enthusiastically celebrated his drive from 17th to second, just 5.5 seconds behind.[22] Massa held on to take third ahead of Heidfeld, Kovalainen, Räikkönen, and Kubica.[22] Vettel secured eighth – the last points-scoring position – for Toro Rosso, ahead of Trulli in ninth, and Rosberg in 10th.[22] Alonso finished 11th, ahead of Bourdais.[22] Coulthard was 13th, Fisichella 14th, Nakajima 15th, Sutil 16th and Button was last of the classified finishers in 17th.[22] A record of sixteen drivers finished on the lead lap, beating the previous highest number of fourteen at the 1999 Belgian Grand Prix.[27]

Post-race

Following the podium ceremony, in which two Brazilian drivers participated for the first time since the 1991 Belgian Grand Prix,[24] the top three finishers appeared in the obligatory press conference. Hamilton said that the decision to not make a pit stop during the safety car period was the team's decision: "We had two very comfortable, two very decent stints and the team opted for me to stay out. I guess they thought I could pull out a gap but it was a 23 second gap I needed and I only had seven laps or something, so I don't know how that worked out."[28] Hamilton added that he felt that things looked good for the rest of the season, stating that "if we [McLaren] can continue with this momentum we have got we are looking very good".[28]

Ron Dennis, McLaren's team principal, also commented on the pit stop decision:

The deployment of the Safety Car presented us with a difficult decision: should we or should we not bring Lewis in for a pitstop? We decided that, since he still had quite a lot of fuel on board, we would leave him out until lap 50. We'd expected the track to be cleared of debris a little faster than it was, which would have allowed the Safety Car to come in a bit earlier. As a result, Lewis was unable to rejoin the race in the lead.[23]

Piquet was delighted with his drive to second after qualifying 17th, saying:

I am obviously very happy! After qualifying yesterday I was thinking that my weekend was over, but we opted for an aggressive strategy in the race and the team made some great decisions when the safety car came out. Then I had to concentrate to keep my pace up and look after my tyres as much as possible towards the end of the race. I knew that Lewis was much faster than me, so I did not want to take any pointless risks. This second place today is a great reward for the whole team.[29]

Felipe Massa was third after being unable to match Hamilton's pace.

Although Piquet's result was fortuitous, Renault Engineering Director, Pat Symonds, subsequently praised him for stepping up to the job of staying with the leaders in the final stint of the race.[30] Meanwhile, Massa commented that his car was not in good order during the race: "It was just slow with difficult stability and also on braking I think I had a little problem as well and lost a lot of performance. I didn’t have the car to fight. I tried but it was not possible."[28] Teammate Räikkönen also struggled with low grip and hot brakes for the duration of the race, while Kovalainen and Kubica had problems with their tyres.[25]

Fisichella was penalised 25 seconds for unlapping lead cars during the safety car period, which dropped him from 14th to 16th position.[31] The stewards issued the following statement about the decision: "While the safety car was deployed, the driver of car 21 [Fisichella] chose to enter the pits before 'Lapped cars may now overtake' was shown on the timing monitors. Having done so the driver of car 21 on leaving the pitlane should then not have unlapped himself."[31]

The treatment of Glock after his crash caused Toyota some concern.[32] Toyota did not think that normal FIA procedure had been followed. After crashes, drivers are normally taken out of the car in their seat, whereas Glock was unstrapped and then hauled out by the marshals.[32] Glock stayed in hospital overnight for observation, but was released the next day with no injuries. Toyota subsequently confirmed that the failed suspension component had already completed a full race distance at the previous Grand Prix, and resolved to adjust its checking procedures.[24]

The new gap between Hamilton and Massa in the Drivers' Championship after the race stood at four points in Hamilton's favour.[27] In the Constructors' Championship, McLaren somewhat caught up on Ferrari, although the gap between the two teams was still sizeable at 19 points. McLaren were ten points behind BMW coming into the race and the deficit was reduced to three due to the race result.[27]

Race classification

Pos No Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
1 22 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes 67 1:31:20.874 1 10
2 6 Brazil Nelson Piquet Jr. Renault 67 +5.586 17 8
3 2 Brazil Felipe Massa Ferrari 67 +9.339 2 6
4 3 Germany Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 67 +9.825 12 5
5 23 Finland Heikki Kovalainen McLaren-Mercedes 67 +12.411 3 4
6 1 Finland Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 67 +14.403 6 3
7 4 Poland Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 67 +22.682 7 2
8 15 Germany Sebastian Vettel Toro Rosso-Ferrari 67 +33.299 9 1
9 11 Italy Jarno Trulli Toyota 67 +37.158 4
10 7 Germany Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 67 +37.625 13
11 5 Spain Fernando Alonso Renault 67 +38.600 5
12 14 France Sébastien Bourdais Toro Rosso-Ferrari 67 +39.111 15
13 9 United Kingdom David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 67 +54.971 10
14 8 Japan Kazuki Nakajima Williams-Toyota 67 +1:00.003 16
15 20 Germany Adrian Sutil Force India-Ferrari 67 +1:09.488 19
16 21 Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Force India-Ferrari 67 +1:24.093 20
17 16 United Kingdom Jenson Button Honda 66 +1 Lap 14
Ret 17 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Honda 50 Collision damage 18
Ret 10 Australia Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 40 Oil leak 8
Ret 12 Germany Timo Glock Toyota 35 Suspension/Crash 11
Source:[21][33]

Championship standings after the race

  • Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hughes, Emlyn (2008-07-20). "Live: Weather Forecasts and Reports - F1 2008 German Grand Prix". Autosport. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  2. ^ "German". Formula1.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-06. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b "2008 German Grand Prix Race Classification". FIA. Archived from the original on 2009-02-14. Retrieved 2009-02-26.
  4. ^ "German GP: Bridgestone preview". Motorsport.com. 17 July 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b Henry, Alan, ed. (December 2008). Autocourse 2008-09. CMG Publishing. pp. 180–181. ISBN 978-1-905334-31-5.
  6. ^ Benson, Andrew (2008-07-06). "British Grand Prix". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  7. ^ a b c d Hughes, Mark (July 2008). "Top Pass; Top Class". Autosport. 193 (4). Haymarket: 32.
  8. ^ a b c d Piola, Giorgio; Hughes, Mark; Anderson, Gary (July 2008). "Tech Focus: German GP Technical Updates". Autosport. 193 (4). Haymarket: 38–39.
  9. ^ a b "2008 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  10. ^ a b c d Beer, Matt (2008-07-18). "Hamilton tops first practice - Germany". autosport.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  11. ^ "Germany Friday quotes: Toro Rosso". autosport.com. 2008-07-18. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  12. ^ a b c Beer, Matt (2008-07-18). "Hamilton also dominates second practice". autosport.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  13. ^ "Germany Friday quotes: Red Bull". autosport.com. 2008-07-18. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  14. ^ a b "Final practice - Kovalainen takes his turn at the top". Formula1.com. 2008-07-19. Archived from the original on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
  15. ^ a b c "Qualifying - selected driver quotes". Formula1.com. 2008-07-19. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g "2008 German Grand Prix Qualifying times". Official Formula 1 Website. 2008-07-19. Archived from the original on 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
  17. ^ "Hamilton puts McLaren on pole in Germany". Formula1.com. 2008-07-19. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  18. ^ "Kovalainen fined for rules breach". ITV-F1.com. 2008-07-19. Archived from the original on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  19. ^ "2008 German Grand Prix qualifying results". BBC Sport. 2008-07-19. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  20. ^ a b "German GP - Sunday - Race Report". Grandprix.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i Benson, Andrew (2008-07-20). "German Grand Prix". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2009-02-21.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Creighton, Geoff; Hughes, Emlyn (2008-07-20). "Live:Raceday at Hockenheim". Autosport.com. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
  23. ^ a b "GrandPrix.com - German GP quotes". GrandPrix.com. 2008-07-20. Archived from the original on 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  24. ^ a b c Henry, Alan, ed. (December 2008). Autocourse 2008-09. CMG Publishing. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-905334-31-5.
  25. ^ a b c Henry, Alan, ed. (December 2008). Autocourse 2008-09. CMG Publishing. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-905334-31-5.
  26. ^ "FORMULA 1 GROSSER PREIS SANTANDER VON DEUTSCHLAND 2008 Fastest laps". The Official Formula One website. 2008-07-20. Archived from the original on 2009-06-09. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  27. ^ a b c d e Henry, Alan, ed. (December 2008). Autocourse 2008-09. CMG Publishing. pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-1-905334-31-5.
  28. ^ a b c "FIA post-race press conference - Germany". The Official Formula 1 Website. 2008-07-20. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  29. ^ "German Grand Prix - selected driver quotes". The Official Formula 1 Website. 2008-07-20. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  30. ^ Cooper, Adam (July 2008). "From The Pit Wall: Pat Symonds". Autosport. 193 (4). Haymarket: 11.
  31. ^ a b Elizalde, Pablo (2008-07-20). "Fisichella handed 25-second penalty". Autosport.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  32. ^ a b "Toyota concern over Glock rescue". Yahoo.com. 2008-07-22. Archived from the original on July 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
  33. ^ "Formula 1 Grosser Preis Santander von Deutschland 2008". The Official Formula 1 Website. 2008-07-20. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
  34. ^ a b "Germany 2008 - Championship • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

External links

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2008 British Grand Prix
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2008 Hungarian Grand Prix
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2006 German Grand Prix
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2009 German Grand Prix

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Šumadija, region geografis Peta distrik Šumadija Šumadija (Шумадија) adalah region geografis di Serbia. Wilayah ini dipenuhi hutan, yang merupakan asal nama region ini (Šuma - hutan). Kota Kragujevac adalah pusat wilayah ini, dan pusat administratif Distrik Šumadija di Serbia Tengah. Pranala luar Stragari - village in Šumadija Diarsipkan 2009-02-01 di Wayback Machine. [1] Diarsipkan 2017-10-01 di Wayback Machine. Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat Serbia ini adalah sebuah rintis…

Perfilman Bollywood 1920-an 1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930-an 1930 1931 1932 1933 19341935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940-an 1940 1941 1942 1943 19441945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950-an 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960-an 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970-an 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980-an 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990-an 1990 1991 1992 1993 19941995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000-an 2000 2001 2002 2…

DæmonicusEpisode The X-FilesNomor episodeMusim 9Episode 3SutradaraFrank SpotnitzPenulisFrank SpotnitzKode produksi9ABX03Tanggal siar2 Desember 2001Durasi44 menitKronologi episode ← SebelumnyaNothing Important Happened Today II Selanjutnya →4-D Dæmonicus adalah episode ketiga dari musim kesembilan dari serial televisi fiksi ilmiah Amerika SerikatThe X-Files dan episode ke-185 secara keseluruhan dari acara tersebut. Episode tersebut pertama kali disiarkan dalam saluran Fox di …

Matius 16Potongan naskah Papirus Magdalen berisi Injil Matius, yang ditulis sekitar tahun 50-70 M.KitabInjil MatiusKategoriInjilBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian BaruUrutan dalamKitab Kristen1← pasal 15 pasal 17 → Matius 16 (disingkat Mat 16) adalah pasal keenam belas Injil Matius pada Perjanjian Baru dalam Alkitab Kristen, yang diyakini disusun menurut catatan Matius, salah seorang dari Keduabelas Rasul Yesus Kristus.[1][2][3][4] Teks Naskah aslinya di…

Calcaire perforé, Prádena de la Sierra, Ségovie, Espagne. La lecture du paysage révèle les différentes formations géologiques qui s'expriment par leurs morphologies : les calcaires, roches cohérentes, forment ici des falaises abruptes qui, à l'affleurement, présentent des strates plus ou moins épaisses et déformées. Les niveaux plus tendres donnent des vires boisées au niveau desquelles les roches plus friables subissent une érosion mécanique qui se manifeste par un fort rav…

1956 American epic Western drama film For the Off-Broadway musical, see Giant (musical). GiantTheatrical release poster by Bill GoldDirected byGeorge StevensScreenplay by Fred Guiol Ivan Moffat Based onGiant1952 novelby Edna FerberProduced by George Stevens Henry Ginsberg Starring Elizabeth Taylor Rock Hudson James Dean Carroll Baker Jane Withers Chill Wills Mercedes McCambridge Sal Mineo Dennis Hopper Elsa Cárdenas Earl Holliman CinematographyWilliam C. MellorEdited by William Hornbeck Philip …

A ''unit process'' is one or more grouped operations in a manufacturing system that can be defined and separated from others. In life-cycle assessment (LCA) and ISO 14040,[1] a unit process is defined as smallest element considered in the life cycle inventory analysis for which input and output data are quantified. See also Unit operation References ^ ISO Online Browsing Platform (OBP)-ISO 14040:2006(en) vteChemical engineering topicsHistory History of chemical engineering Concepts Unit …

1841 Connecticut gubernatorial election ← 1840 April 5, 1841 1842 →   Nominee William W. Ellsworth Francis H. Nicoll Party Whig Democratic Popular vote 26,986 21,388 Percentage 55.79% 44.21% Governor before election William W. Ellsworth Whig Elected Governor William W. Ellsworth Whig Elections in Connecticut Federal government U.S President 1788–89 1792 1796 1800 1804 1808 1812 1816 1820 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840 1844 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 …

The 2023 term of the Supreme Court of the United States began October 2, 2023, and will conclude October 7, 2024. This is the second term of Associate Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson's tenure on the Court. Ketanji Brown Jackson 2023 term statistics (in progress) 1 Majority or Plurality 4 Concurrence 0 Other 1 Dissent 0 Concurrence/dissent Total = 6 Bench opinions = 4 Opinions relating to orders = 2 In-chambers opinions = 0 Unanimous opinions: 1 Most joined by: Sotomayor, Kagan (2) Least joined by:…

Ndoci op het Eurovisiesongfestival van 2007 Frederik Ndoci (Shkodër, 9 februari 1960) is een Albanees zanger. In 1989 won hij de 28ste editie van het Festivali i këngës, een Albanees muziekfestival, met het lied Toka e diellit. In 2006 won hij opnieuw, dit keer aan de zijde van zijn vrouw Aida met het lied Balada e Gurrit. Sinds 2003 is het festival een voorronde van het Eurovisiesongfestival en Frederik en Aida vertegenwoordigden Albanië dan ook op het Eurovisiesongfestival 2007 in Helsinki…

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أغسطس 2018) يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم ف…

Ini adalah nama Korea; marganya adalah Kim. Kim Jae-hwanKim Jae-hwan pada tahun 2017Nama asal김재환Lahir27 Mei 1996 (umur 27)Wonju, Gangwon, Korea SelatanKebangsaanKorea SelatanPekerjaanPenyanyiTahun aktif2017 (2017)–sekarangAgenCJ E&MKarier musikGenreK-popInstrumenVokalLabelSWING Entertainment (2019–sekarang)Artis terkaitWanna OneTanda tangan Nama KoreaHangul김재환 Hanja金在煥[1] Alih AksaraKim Jae-hwanMcCune–ReischauerGim Chaehwan Templat:Korean m…

Syair Dunia MayaAlbum studio karya Sujiwo TejoDirilisJuni 2005Direkam?Durasi?Produser?Kronologi Sujiwo Tejo Pada Sebuah Ranjang(2001)Pada Sebuah Ranjang2001 Syair Dunia Maya (2005) Yaiyo(2007)Yaiyo2007 Syair Dunia Maya ialah album musik karya Sujiwo Tejo. Album ini dirilis pada tahun 2005 yang merupakan album ketiga. Daftar lagu Hujan Deras Melati Syair Dunia Maya Blakothang Panakawan dan Saya Dewi Ruci Ma Tingkah-Tingkah Cinta Tanpa Tanda Zen Die Aku Lala Padamu Pranala luar Album Sujiwo Te…

National association football team Brunei Under-23Nickname(s)Tabuan Muda(Young Wasps)AssociationFootball Association of Brunei DarussalamHead coachAtsushi Hanita[1]CaptainNazhan ZulkifleHome stadiumHassanal Bolkiah National StadiumFIFA codeBRU First colours Second colours Biggest win Brunei 2–1 Philippines  (Jakarta, Indonesia; November 2011)Biggest defeat Syria 11–0 Brunei  (Zarqa, Jordan; 9 September 2023)SEA GamesAppearances6 (first in 2001)Best resultGroup Sta…

Sukhoi Su-57Sukhoi Su-57 Pada Agustus 2019TipePesawat tempur multiperan silumanProdusenKomsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production AssociationPerancangSukhoiTerbang perdana29 Januari 2010[1][2][3]StatusOperasional [4]Pengguna utamaAngkatan Udara RusiaTahun produksi2010–SekarangJumlah produksi21(5 Prototype)Biaya programUS$10 Miliar (Rp155,62 Triliun)[5][6][7]Harga satuanSu-57: $47,5 juta (Rp735,19 Miliar) Su-57E: $57 juta (Rp887,03 Miliar)[…

Terminal KarangplosoTerminal penumpang tipe CKenampakan pembagian lajur tiap trayek pada peron angkutan pedesaan Terminal Karangploso, 2022.LokasiJalan Diponegoro, Dusun Karangploso, Desa Girimoyo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Kodepos 65152 IndonesiaKoordinat7°53′32″S 112°35′37″E / 7.89222°S 112.59361°E / -7.89222; 112.59361Koordinat: 7°53′32″S 112°35′37″E / 7.89222°S 112.59361°E / -7.89…

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