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2009 in spaceflight

2009 in spaceflight
The Hubble Space Telescope was serviced for the last time during the STS-125 mission
Orbital launches
First18 January
Last29 December
Total78
Successes73
Failures4
Partial failures1
Catalogued75
National firsts
Spaceflight New Zealand
Satellite Switzerland[1]
Orbital launch Iran[2]
Rockets
Maiden flightsDelta IV-M+ (5,4)
H-IIB
Naro-1
Taurus-XL 3110
Unha-2
RetirementsAriane 5GS
Falcon 1
Tsyklon-3
Crewed flights
Orbital9
Total travellers46
2009 in spaceflight
← 2008
2010 →

Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights, whilst the Tsyklon-3, Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service.[3][4] The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May, and in the last few months of the year, Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost, HTV-1, was conducted successfully.

Overview

An Iridium satellite

The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first spaceflight launch of the year was that of a Delta IV Heavy, carrying the USA-202 ELINT satellite, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 02:47 GMT on 18 January. This was also the first orbital launch of the year.

On 2 February, Iran conducted its first successful orbital launch,[2] when a Safir was used to place the Omid satellite into low Earth orbit.

At 16:56 GMT on 10 February, the first major collision between two satellites in orbit occurred, resulting in the destruction of Kosmos 2251 and Iridium 33, launched in 1993 and 1997 respectively. Up until the collision, Iridium 33 was operational, and an active part of the Iridium network of satellites, whilst Kosmos 2251 was an inactive piece of space junk.

On 25 August, the Russo- South Korean Naro-1 rocket made its maiden flight on 25 August, marking South Korea's first involvement in conducting a satellite launch attempt, however the rocket failed to reach orbit after its payload fairing malfunctioned.

HTV-1 arriving at the ISS

The first flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 carrier rocket was scheduled to occur in November, but was delayed to February 2010 to allow more time for preparations. The SpaceX Dragon, a commercial uncrewed logistics spacecraft which was developed as part of NASA's COTS programme, was also scheduled to make its first flight in 2009, however its launch has also slipped to 2010 as a result of knock-on delays. The first H-II Transfer Vehicle, HTV-1, was successfully launched on the maiden flight of the H-IIB carrier rocket on 10 September. The first Swiss satellite, SwissCube-1, was launched on 23 September aboard a PSLV.

On 18 December, the Ariane 5GS made its final flight, delivering the Helios-IIB satellite into a Sun-synchronous orbit. The last orbital launch of the year was conducted eleven days later, on 29 December, when a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage launched the DirecTV-12 satellite.

Space exploration

Although no planetary probes were launched in 2009, four astronomical observatories were placed into orbit. The Kepler spacecraft, which was launched by a Delta II on 7 March, entered an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit from where it will search for exoplanets. On 14 May, and Ariane 5ECA launched the Herschel and Planck spacecraft. Both were placed at the L2 Lagrangian point between the Earth and Sun, from where they will be used for astronomy. Herschel carries an infrared telescope whilst Planck carries an optical one. The fourth observatory to be launched was the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, which is a replacement for the Wide Field Infrared Explorer which failed shortly after launch. WISE was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit by a Delta II on 14 December, and will be used for infrared astronomy. Repairs made to the Hubble Space Telescope during STS-125 restored it to full operations after a series of malfunctions in 2008.

Two lunar probes were launched in 2009; the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite were launched on a single Atlas V rocket on 18 June. LRO entered selenocentric orbit and began a series of experiments, whilst LCROSS remained attached to the Centaur upper stage of the carrier rocket, and flew past the Moon. After orbiting the Earth twice, LCROSS separated from the upper stage and both it and the Centaur impacted the Cabeus crater at the South Pole of the Moon, on 9 October. By observing the Centaur's impact, LCROSS was able to confirm the presence of water on the Moon.[5] Several other Lunar probes ceased operations in 2009; Okina impacted the far side of the Moon on 12 February, Chang'e 1 was deorbited on 1 March, having completed its operations. Kaguya was also deorbited following a successful mission, impacting near Gill crater on 12 June. The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft failed on 29 August, having operated for less than half of its design life.

The Mars Science Laboratory and Fobos-Grunt missions to Mars had been scheduled for launch at the end of 2009, however both were delayed to 2011 to allow more time for the spacecraft to be developed. Fobos-Grunt, a sample return mission to Mars' natural satellite Phobos, would have carried the first Chinese planetary probe, Yinghuo-1.

Several flybys occurred in 2009, with Cassini continuing to orbit Saturn, passing close to a number of its natural satellites. In February, Dawn passed within 549 kilometres (341 mi) of Mars, during a gravity assist manoeuvre for its journey to the asteroid belt. In September, MESSENGER made its third and final flyby of Mercury before entering orbit in 2011. Whilst the primary objective of the flyby, achieving a gravitational assist, was successful, the spacecraft entered safe mode shortly before its closest approach, which prevented it recording data as it flew away from the planet.[6] In November, the Rosetta spacecraft performed its third and final gravity assist flyby of Earth.

Crewed spaceflight

Launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-125, the last Hubble servicing flight

Nine crewed launches occurred in 2009, the most since 1997. STS-119, using Space Shuttle Discovery, was launched on 15 March. It installed the last set of solar arrays on the International Space Station. Soyuz TMA-14, the 100th crewed Soyuz launch, delivered the Expedition 19 crew in March. In May, Space Shuttle Atlantis conducted the final mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope, STS-125. Several days later, Soyuz TMA-15 launched with the ISS Expedition 20 crew, brought the total ISS crew size up to six for the first time. This was also the 100th crewed spaceflight of the Soyuz programme, excluding the original Soyuz T-10 mission which failed to reach space. In July, Space Shuttle Endeavour delivered the final component of the Japanese Experiment Module on mission STS-127. STS-128, using Discovery in August, delivered supplies using the Leonardo MPLM. September saw the launch of Soyuz TMA-16, with the ISS Expedition 21 crew. This was the 100th crewed Soyuz mission reach orbit. In November, Space Shuttle Atlantis flew mission STS-129, delivering two EXPRESS Logistics Carriers to the ISS. The final crewed flight of the year, Soyuz TMA-17, was launched on 20 December with the ISS Expedition 22 crew.

The launch of Ares I-X

Although not a spaceflight in its own right, the Ares I-X test flight was conducted on 28 October, with the rocket lifting off from Launch Complex 39B of the Kennedy Space Center at 15:30 GMT. The flight was successful and reached an altitude of around 46 kilometres (29 mi), within the upper atmosphere. A parachute failure during descent resulted in some damage to the first stage, which was recovered.

Launch failures

OCO launches on a Taurus

Four orbital launch failures occurred in 2009. On 24 February, a Taurus-XL launched from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States, with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory. The payload fairing did not separate from the rocket, leaving the upper stage with too much mass to reach orbit. The stage, with spacecraft and fairing still attached, reentered the atmosphere, coming down off the coast of Antarctica. The second failure was a controversial North Korean launch attempt using an Unha rocket to launch the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 communications satellite. The launch was conducted on 5 April, and North Korea maintains that it successfully reached orbit, however no objects from the launch were tracked as having orbital velocity, and US radar systems tracking the rocket detected that it failed at around the time of third stage ignition, with debris falling in the Pacific Ocean.

A Soyuz-2.1a suffered a failure during the launch of Meridian 2 on 21 May, due to the premature cutoff of the second core stage of the carrier rocket. The satellite was placed in a lower than planned orbit, which it was initially expected to be able to correct by means of its onboard propulsion system, and the launch was reported to be a partial failure. By the time of the next Meridian launch in 2010 it had been confirmed that the satellite could not correct its own orbit, and that the mission was a failure.[7] On 25 August, the Naro-1 rocket was launched on its maiden flight, however one half of the payload fairing failed to separate, and it did not reach orbit.

On 31 August a Long March 3B placed the Palapa-D satellite into a lower than expected orbit after its third stage gas generator burned through, resulting in an engine failure at the start of the second burn.[8] The satellite was able to raise itself to its correct orbit at the expense of fuel which would have been used for five or six years of operations.[8]

Summary of launches

In total, seventy eight orbital launches were attempted in 2009, with seventy five catalogued as having reached orbit, and the three outright launch failures, including the North Korean launch, not being catalogued. This is an increase of nine attempts compared to 2008, and eight more launches reached orbit. This continues a four-year trend of increasing annual launch rates. The United States National Space Science Data Center catalogued 123 spacecraft placed into orbit by launches which occurred in 2009.[9]

Launch of a Delta IV-M+(4,2) EELV with GOES 14

Suborbital spaceflight in 2009 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. New Zealand's Ātea-1 sounding rocket was launched on 30 November, marking that country's first suborbital flight. Russia twice attempted launches of its Bulava missile, however both launches failed. The second failure, which occurred on 9 December, resulted in a spiral pattern which was observed in the sky over Norway. The SpaceLoft-XL rocket experienced another launch failure during its third flight, on 2 May. The payload section separated from the rocket whilst it was still burning, and as a result the vehicle did not reach space.[10] It had been carrying samples of cremated human remains for Celestis, and student experiments.

By country

China conducted six launches in 2009; satellite problems early in the year followed by the fallout of the August partial launch failure resulted in many planned launches slipping into 2010. Europe launched seven Ariane 5 rockets, six in the ECA configuration and one in the GS configuration. It had also intended to launch the first Vega rocket, however this was delayed due to ongoing development issues, which had already left the project several years behind schedule. India conducted two launches of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles, however the first flight of a new variant of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle with an Indian-built upper stage slipped into 2010. Japan conducted three launches; two using the H-IIA, plus the first H-IIB. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty nine launches, not including the international Sea and Land launch programmes, which conducted four, and the single Naro-1 launch conducted in cooperation with South Korea.

The United States made twenty four launch attempts, with the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles accounting for eight; the most EELV launches in a single year to date. Eight Delta II launches were also made, including its last mission with a GPS satellite, and its last flight with a payload for the United States armed forces. As the Delta II programme wound down, Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, one of the oldest operational launch pads in the world, was deactivated. SpaceX launched a single Falcon 1, which successfully placed an operational satellite into orbit for the first time. This was the final flight of the Falcon 1, which was subsequently retired from service in favour of the Falcon 1e.[4] At the start of the year, a mockup Falcon 9 was erected on its launch pad at Canaveral, however the type's maiden flight slipped into 2010.

Sea Launch only conducted a single launch in 2009; a Zenit-3SL launched Sicral 1B in April. In June, the company was declared bankrupt,[11] and subsequently it lost a number of launch contracts.[12] By the end of the year it was expecting to resume launches in 2010.[12] Its subsidiary, Land Launch, conducted three launches. Iran made its first successful indigenous orbital launch, however planned follow-up launches had not been conducted by the end of the year. North Korea made one launch which it claimed had successfully placed a satellite into orbit, however no such satellite was detected by any country capable of doing so. Israel was not reported to have scheduled or conducted an orbital launch attempt.

Orbital launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

18 January
02:47[13] 		United States Delta IV Heavy[14] United States Cape Canaveral SLC-37B United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-202 / Orion 6[15] NRO Geosynchronous ELINT In orbit Operational
NROL-26 mission.
23 January
03:54[17] 		Japan H-IIA 202 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan Mitsubishi
Japan Ibuki (GOSAT) JAXA Low Earth (SSO) Climatology In orbit Operational
Japan SDS-1 JAXA Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Successful[18]
Japan Sohla-1 (Maido-1) SOHLA[19] Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Successful[20]
Japan Raijin (Sprite-Sat)[21] Tohoku University Low Earth (SSO) Sprite research In orbit Spacecraft failure[16]
Japan Kagayaki[22] Sorun[23] Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Spacecraft failure[16]
Japan Hitomi (PRISM)[24] University of Tokyo Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
Japan Kukai (STARS)[25][26] Kagawa University Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Spacecraft failure[16]
Japan Kiseki (KKS-1)[27] TMCIT Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Spacecraft failure[16]
Raijin failed to respond to commands from ground following electromagnetic boom deployment, Kagayaki failed to contact ground, STARS tether deployment failed, Kiseki failed to respond to commands from ground.[16]
30 January
13:30[3] 		Ukraine Tsyklon-3 Russia Plesetsk Site 32/2 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Koronas-Foton Roscosmos / MEPhI / NIIEM[29] Low Earth[29] Heliophysics In orbit Spacecraft failure
Final flight of Tsyklon-3 rocket,[3] satellite problems during mid-2009, loss of signal in early December due to power system malfunction. Declared a total loss in April 2010.[28]

February

2 February
18:36[30] 		Iran Safir GBS.0092 Iran Semnan Iran ISA
Iran Omid[31] ISA Low Earth Technology demonstration 25 April Successful
First successful Iranian orbital launch[2]
6 February
10:22:01[32] 		United States Delta II 7320-10C United States Vandenberg SLC-2W United States United Launch Alliance
United States NOAA-19 (NOAA-N') NOAA / NASA Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Operational
10 February
05:49:46[33] 		Russia Soyuz-U Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress M-66 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 18 May
15:14:45		 Successful
ISS flight 32P
11 February
00:03[34] 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia Khrunichev
Russia Ekspress-AM44[35] RSCC Geosynchronous Communication In orbit Operational
Russia Ekspress-MD1 RSCC Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
12 February
22:09:00[36] 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
France Hot Bird 10 Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Netherlands NSS-9 SES New Skies Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
France Spirale-A CNES Highly elliptical Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
France Spirale-B CNES Highly elliptical Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
24 February
09:55:30[38] 		United States Taurus-XL 3110 United States Vandenberg LC-576E United States Orbital Sciences
United States OCO NASA Intended: Low Earth (SSO) Climatology 24 February Launch failure
Maiden flight of Taurus-XL 3110, payload fairing failed to separate, failed to reach orbit.[37] Satellite was to have been part of A-train constellation
26 February
18:29:55[39] 		Ukraine Zenit-3SLB Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 45/1 United Nations Land Launch
Canada Telstar 11N Telesat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
28 February
04:10 		Russia Proton-K / DM-2 Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/24 Russia Khrunichev
Russia Raduga-1 VKS Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

March

7 March
03:49:57[41] 		United States Delta II 7925-10L United States Cape Canaveral SLC-17B United States United Launch Alliance
United States Kepler NASA Heliocentric Exoplanetary science In orbit Operational
Exosolar planet research, operating in an Earth-trailing orbit[40]
15 March
23:43:44[42] 		United States Space Shuttle Discovery[43] United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-119[44] NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly[45][46] 28 March
19:13[47]		 Successful
United Nations ITS S6 Truss NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly In orbit Operational
Crewed flight with seven astronauts.
17 March
14:21[48] 		Russia Rokot / Briz-KM Russia Plesetsk Site 133/3[49] Europe Russia Eurockot
Europe GOCE ESA Low Earth Gravitational research 11 November 2013
00:16		 Successful
24 March
08:34:00[50] 		United States Delta II 7925-9.5 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-17A United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-203 (GPS IIR-20/M7) U.S. Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Partial spacecraft failure
Operational
26 March
11:49:06 		Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-14[14] Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 19 11 October
04:32		 Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts. First space tourist to make two flights.

April

3 April
16:24 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
France Eutelsat W2A Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
4 April
00:31[51] 		United States Atlas V 421 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-204 (WGS-2) U.S. Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
5 April
02:30:15[53] 		North Korea Unha-2 North Korea Tonghae North Korea KCST
North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 KCST Intended: Low Earth Technology demonstration 5 April Launch failure
North Korea claimed the launch was successful;[52] however, no objects were tracked in orbit.
14 April
16:16 		China Long March 3C China Xichang LA-2 China CNSA
China Compass-G2 CNSA Geosynchronous Navigation In orbit Spacecraft failure
Failed in orbit shortly after launch. Towed to a high graveyard orbit by Shijian-21 on 22 January 2022.[54]
20 April
01:15 		India PSLV-CA India Satish Dhawan SLP India ISRO
India RISAT-2 ISRO Low Earth Radar imaging 30 October 2022
00:06[55]		 Successful
India ANUSAT Anna University Low Earth Technology demonstration 18 April 2012 Successful
20 April
08:16 		Ukraine Zenit-3SL Norway Ocean Odyssey United Nations Sea Launch
Italy Sicral-1B ASI Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
22 April
02:55 		China Long March 2C China Taiyuan LC-1 China CASC
China Yaogan-6 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
29 April
16:58 		Russia Soyuz-U Russia Plesetsk Site 16/2 Russia VKS
Russia Kosmos 2450 (Kobal't-M) VKS Low Earth Optical reconnaissance 27 July Successful

May

5 May
20:24:25[14][51] 		United States Delta II 7920-10C United States Vandenberg SLC-2W United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-205 (STSS-ATRR) U.S. Air Force / MDA Low Earth (SSO) Missile defence
Technology demonstration		 In orbit Operational
7 May
18:37 		Russia Soyuz-U Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress M-02M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 13 July
16:28:47		 Successful
ISS flight 33P
11 May
18:01 		United States Space Shuttle Atlantis[43] United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-125[56] NASA[57] Low Earth (HST) HST servicing flight[58][59] 24 May
15:39		 Successful
Crewed flight with seven astronauts, final Space Shuttle mission to the Hubble Space Telescope.
14 May[60]
13:12 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
Europe Herschel[61] ESA Sun–Earth L2 Infrared astronomy In orbit Operational
Europe Planck[62] ESA Sun–Earth L2 Space telescope In orbit Operational
16 May
00:57 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
Bermuda ProtoStar II ProtoStar Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
19 May
23:55 		United States Minotaur I United States MARS LP-0B United States Orbital Sciences
United States TacSat-3 USAF-RL Low Earth Technology demonstration 30 April 2012 Successful
United States PharmaSat NASA Low Earth Biological 14 August 2012 Successful
⚀ United States AeroCube 3 Aerospace Corporation Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 January 2011 Successful
⚀ United States HawkSat I[63] HISS Low Earth Technology demonstration[63][64] 4 September 2011 Successful
⚀ United States CP6[63] CalPoly Low Earth Technology demonstration 6 October 2011 Successful
All payloads except TacSat-3 and Pharmasat are CubeSats.
21 May
21:53 		Russia Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Meridian 2[66] VKS Intended: Molniya
Achieved: Medium Earth 		Communications 23 April 2021
04:48[69]		 Launch failure[68]
Core vehicle second stage shut down five seconds early,[65] attempt to compensate using Fregat resulted in propellent depletion during second of three burns[66] Satellite reached a lower orbit than expected, and despite being expected to be recoverable to fully operational status[67] was unable to recover.[68]
27 May
10:34:42 		Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-15 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 20 1 December
07:17		 Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts, established first permanent six-man crew on the ISS.

June

18 June[70]
21:32 		United States Atlas V 401 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States LRO NASA Selenocentric Lunar orbiter In orbit Operational
United States LCROSS NASA High Earth (TLI) Lunar impactor 9 October
11:37		 Successful
LCROSS observed the upper stage impacting the Cabeus crater on the Moon at 11:31 on 9 October shortly before its own impact into the same crater. The LCROSS spacecraft confirmed the presence of water at the Lunar South Pole.[5]
21 June
21:50 		Ukraine Zenit-3SLB Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 45/1 United Nations Land Launch
Malaysia MEASAT-3a MEASAT Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
27 June
22:51[71] 		United States Delta IV-M+ (4,2) United States Cape Canaveral SLC-37B United States United Launch Alliance
United States GOES-O (GOES-14) NOAA / NASA Geosynchronous Meteorology In orbit Operational
30 June
19:10 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
United States Sirius FM-5 (RadioSat-5) Sirius XM Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

July

1 July
17:52[72] 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
United States TerreStar-1 TerreStar Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
6 July
01:26 		Russia Rokot / Briz-KM Russia Plesetsk Site 133/3 Russia VKS
Russia Kosmos 2451 (Rodnik) VKS Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Kosmos 2452 (Rodnik) VKS Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
Russia Kosmos 2453 (Rodnik) VKS Low Earth Communications In orbit Operational
14 July
03:35[73] 		United States Falcon 1 Marshall Islands Omelek United States SpaceX
Malaysia RazakSat-1 (MACSat) ATSB Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Spacecraft failure
Final flight of Falcon 1.[4]
15 July[71]
22:03 		United States Space Shuttle Endeavour[44] United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-127 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 31 July
14:48		 Successful
United Nations JEM-EF JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly In orbit Operational
United States AggieSat 2 NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration 17 March 2010
18:26[74]		 Partial spacecraft failure
Successful
United States BEVO-1 NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration Partial spacecraft failure
Successful
United States Castor[75] NRL Low Earth Atmospheric science 18 August 2010
17:48[76]		 Successful
United States Pollux[75] NRL Low Earth Atmospheric science 29 March 2010 Successful
Crewed flight with seven astronauts, AggieSat 2 and BEVO-1 collectively designated Dragonsat, Castor and Pollux collectively designated ANDE-2, both deployed on 30 July; Dragonsat at 12:34:30 UTC and ANDE-2 at 17:23:02; Dragonsat satellites failed to separate from each other.
21 July
03:57:43 		Russia Kosmos-3M Russia Plesetsk Site 132/1 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Kosmos 2454 (Parus) VKS Low Earth Navigation
Communications		 In orbit Operational
Russia Sterkh-1 Roscosmos Low Earth Communications
Search and rescue		 In orbit Spacecraft failure
24 July
10:56:51 		Russia Soyuz-U Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress M-67 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 27 September
10:19:11		 Successful
Final flight of original Progress-M; ISS flight 34P
29 July
18:46 		Ukraine Dnepr Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 109/95 Russia ISC Kosmotras
United Arab Emirates DubaiSat-1 EIAST Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Spain Deimos-1 Deimos Space Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
United Kingdom UK-DMC 2 BNSC (2009-2010)
UKSA (2010—) 		Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Spain Nanosat 1B INTA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Argentina AprizeSat-3 LatinSat Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational
Argentina AprizeSat-4 LatinSat Low Earth (SSO) Communications In orbit Operational

August

11 August
19:47 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
China AsiaSat 5 AsiaSat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
17 August
10:35:00 		United States Delta II 7925-9.5 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-17A United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-206 (GPS IIR-21/M8) U.S. Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Final launch from SLC-17A,[50] final GPS IIR launch, final flight of Delta II 7925
21 August
22:09 		European Union Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
Japan JCSAT-12 SKY Perfect JSAT Group Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Australia Optus D3 Optus Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
25 August[80]
08:00 		Russia South Korea Naro-1 South Korea Naro[81] Russia South Korea Khrunichev / KARI[81]
South Korea STSAT-2A KARI[82] Intended: Low Earth Technology demonstration 25 August Launch failure[83]
Maiden flight of Naro-1,[77] first South Korean orbital launch attempt (with Russian assistance). First flight of Angara Universal Rocket Module (used as first stage), half of payload fairing failed to separate, failed to reach orbit.[78][79]
29 August
03:59 		United States Space Shuttle Discovery United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-128[84] NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 11 September
00:53		 Successful
Italy United States Leonardo MPLM ASI / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics Successful
Crewed flight with seven astronauts.
31 August
09:28[85] 		China Long March 3B China Xichang China CASC
Indonesia Palapa-D Indosat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Partial launch failure
Operational[86]
Third stage failed during restart[85] due to gas generator burn-through.[8]

September

8 September
21:35 		United States Atlas V 401 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-207 (PAN) NRO Geosynchronous Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
10 September
17:01:46[87] 		Japan H-IIB Japan Tanegashima LA-Y2 Japan JAXA[88]
Japan HTV-1 JAXA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 1 November
21:26		 Successful
Maiden flight of H-IIB and H-II Transfer Vehicle, first launch from LA-Y2.
17 September
15:55:07[89][90] 		Russia Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Meteor-M No.1 Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Successful
Russia BLITS Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Geodesy, satellite laser ranging In orbit Operational
RussiaEuropean Union IRIS[91] NPO Lavochkin / EADS Astrium Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 12 March 2021[92] Successful
Russia Sterkh-2 Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Communications
Search and rescue		 In orbit Spacecraft failure[93]
South Africa SumbandilaSat[94] Stellenbosch Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration 10 December 2021 Spacecraft failure; Partial success
Russia UGATUSAT[95] UGATU Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Spacecraft failure[96]
Russia Universitetsky-Tatyana-2[97] MSU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Spacecraft failure; Partial success
Meteor M-1 was a replacement for Meteor-3M No.1. IRIS intentionally remained attached to upper stage.
17 September
19:19:19 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
Canada Nimiq 5 Telesat Canada Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational[98]
23 September
06:21[99] 		India PSLV-CA India Satish Dhawan FLP India ISRO
India Oceansat-2 ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Oceanography In orbit Operational
Germany Rubin 9.1 OHB-System Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Successful
Germany Rubin 9.2 OHB-System Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Successful
⚀ Germany BeeSat-1 TU Berlin Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
⚀ Turkey ITU-pSat1 ITU Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
⚀ Switzerland SwissCube-1 EPFL Low Earth (SSO) Atmospheric science In orbit Operational
⚀ Germany UWE-2 Würzburg Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
First Swiss satellite, Rubin payloads intentionally remained attached to upper stage.
25 September
12:20[100] 		United States Delta II 7920-10C United States Cape Canaveral SLC-17B United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-208 (STSS-Demo 1) U.S. Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration
Missile defence		 In orbit Successful[101]
United States USA-209 (STSS-Demo 2) U.S. Air Force Low Earth Technology demonstration
Missile defence		 In orbit Successful[101]
30 September
07:14 		Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-16 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 21 18 March 2010 Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts

October

1 October
21:59[102] 		Europe Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
Spain Amazonas-2 Hispasat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Germany COMSATBw-1 Bundeswehr Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
8 October
18:51[103] 		United States Delta II 7920 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W United States United Launch Alliance
United States WorldView-2 DigitalGlobe Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
15 October
01:14 		Russia Soyuz-U Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress M-03M Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics 27 April 2010
18:50:56		 Successful
ISS flight 35P
18 October
16:12 		United States Atlas V 401 United States Vandenberg SLC-3E United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-210 (DMSP-5D3 F18) U.S. Air Force / NOAA Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology In orbit Operational
29 October
20:00 		European Union Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
Norway Thor-6 Telenor Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Netherlands NSS-12 SES World Skies Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

November

2 November
01:50 		Russia Rokot / Briz-KM Russia Plesetsk Site 133/3 Europe Russia Eurockot[104]
Europe SMOS[105] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
Europe Proba-2 ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
10 November[51]
14:22 		Russia Soyuz-U Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Progress M-MIM2 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Orbital tug 8 December
05:27[106]		 Successful
United Nations Poisk (MRM-2) Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly In orbit Operational
ISS flight 5R
12 November
02:45[107] 		China Long March 2C China Jiuquan LA-4 China CASC
China Shijian 11-01 CASC Low Earth (SSO) Technology demonstration In orbit Operational
16 November[71]
19:28 		United States Space Shuttle Atlantis[44] United States Kennedy LC-39A United States United Space Alliance
United States STS-129 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly 27 November
14:44[108]		 Successful
United Nations ExPRESS-1 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics In orbit Operational
United Nations ExPRESS-2 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics In orbit Operational
Crewed flight, launching with six astronauts, and landing with seven.
20 November
10:44 		Russia Soyuz-U Russia Plesetsk Site 16/2 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Kosmos 2455 (Lotos-S) VKS Low Earth ELINT In orbit Operational
23 November
06:55[109] 		United States Atlas V 431 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United Nations Intelsat 14 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
24 November
14:19[110] 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced[111] Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
France Eutelsat W7 Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
28 November[112]
01:21 		Japan H-IIA 202 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan Mitsubishi
Japan IGS Optical 3[113] CSICE Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Successful[114]
30 November
21:00[115] 		Ukraine Zenit-3SLB[116] Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 45/1 United Nations Land Launch
United Nations Intelsat 15 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

December

6 December
01:47[117] 		United States Delta IV-M+ (5,4) United States Cape Canaveral SLC-37B United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-211 (WGS-3) U.S. Air Force Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Successful
Maiden flight of Delta IV-M+ (5,4), final Block I WGS satellite.
9 December
08:42[118] 		China Long March 2D China Jiuquan SLS-2 China CASC
China Yaogan-7 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
14 December
10:38[119] 		Russia Proton-M / DM-2 Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 81/24 Russia Khrunichev
Russia Kosmos 2456 (Glonass-M 730) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Russia Kosmos 2457 (Glonass-M 733) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
Russia Kosmos 2458 (Glonass-M 734) VKS Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
14 December
14:09[120] 		United States Delta II 7320 United States Vandenberg SLC-2W United States United Launch Alliance
United States WISE NASA Low Earth (SSO) Infrared astronomy In orbit Operational
15 December
02:31[121] 		China Long March 4C China Taiyuan LC-2 China CASC
China Yaogan-8 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
China Xiwang 1 CNSA Low Earth (SSO) Amateur radio In orbit Operational
18 December
16:26 		Europe Ariane 5GS France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
France Helios IIB DGA Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
Final flight of Ariane 5GS.
20 December
21:52 		Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 Russia Roscosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-17 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 22 2 June 2010
03:25		 Successful
Crewed flight with three cosmonauts.
29 December
00:22 		Russia Proton-M / Briz-M Enhanced Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia United States International Launch Services
United States DirecTV-12 DirecTV Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational

Suborbital flights

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat) 		Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
26 January
00:15[122] 		Japan S-310 Norway Andøya LA-U3 Japan ISAS
Japan Delta-2 JAXA/Nagoya[122][123][124] Suborbital Auroral[122] 26 January Successful
29 January
09:49 		Canada Black Brant IX United States Poker Flat United States NASA
United States ACES-I[125] University of Iowa Suborbital Auroral 09:59 Successful
29 January
09:51 		Canada Black Brant VB United States Poker Flat United States NASA
United States ACES-II[125] University of Iowa Suborbital Auroral 10:01 Successful
13 February[126] United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United States USS Alabama, Pacific Ocean United States U.S. Navy
U.S. Navy Suborbital Missile test 13 February Successful
18 February
09:52:00[127] 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Poker Flat United States NASA
Clemson Suborbital Atmospheric 18 February Successful
18 February
10:29:00[127] 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Poker Flat United States NASA
Clemson Suborbital Atmospheric 18 February Successful
18 February
10:59:00[127] 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Poker Flat United States NASA
Clemson Suborbital Atmospheric 18 February Successful
18 February
11:47:00[127] 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Poker Flat United States NASA
Clemson Suborbital Atmospheric 18 February Successful
25 February
10:45[128] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands LC-36 United States NASA
United States CIBER Caltech Suborbital IR Astronomy[129] 10:55 Successful
February[30] United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United States Submarine, Pacific Ocean United States U.S. Navy
U.S. Navy Suborbital Missile test February Successful
6 March
10:54[130] 		India Dhanush India Ship, Indian Ocean India DRDO
DRDO Suborbital Target 6 March Successful
Target for successful Prithvi interceptor test, apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi)[130]
18 March[131]
00:25[66] 		United States TRBM FTT-10a United States USS Tripoli, Barking Sands United States U.S. Army
U.S. Army/MDA Suborbital Target 18 March Successful
Intercepted by THAAD launched at 00:30 UTC[131][66]
18 March[131]
00:30[66] 		United States THAAD FTT-10a United States Barking Sands United States U.S. Army
U.S. Army/MDA Suborbital ABM test 18 March Successful
Intercepted target missile[131]
18 March[131]
00:30[66] 		United States THAAD FTT-10a United States Barking Sands United States U.S. Army
U.S. Army/MDA Suborbital ABM test 18 March Successful
Backup interceptor, destroyed by range safety after first missile succeeded[132]
20 March
11:04 		Canada Black Brant XII United States Poker Flat United States NASA
United States Cascades-2 Dartmouth Suborbital Auroral 20 March Successful
25 March
13:25[133] 		United States Hera United States Fort Wingate LC-96 United States U.S. Army
U.S. Army Suborbital Target 25 March Successful
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 test, interceptor failed
7 April Israel Blue Sparrow Israel F-15 Eagle, Israel Israel Israeli Air Force
Israeli Air Force Suborbital Arrow-2 target 7 April Successful
Arrow-2 target, successfully intercepted
7 April Israel Arrow-2 Israel Negev Israel Israel Aerospace Industries
IAI/Israeli Defense Forces Suborbital ABM Test 7 April Successful
Successful intercept of a Blue Sparrow target over the Mediterranean
10 April
09:10 		Russia RS-12M Topol Russia Plesetsk Russia RVSN RF
RVSN RF Suborbital Missile test 10 April Successful
17 April
11:17[134] 		United States FalconLaunch United States White Sands United States US Air Force Academy
United States FalconLAUNCH VII US Air Force Academy Suborbital Technology demonstration 17 April Successful
Apogee: 108 kilometres (67 mi),[134] first student-built rocket to reach space
2 May
14:02[citation needed] 		United States SpaceLoft XL United States Spaceport America United States UP Aerospace
United States SL-3 NMSGC Suborbital Student research 2 May Launch failure[136]
United States Discovery Celestis Suborbital Space burial
Failed to reach space due to premature payload separation whilst rocket was still burning[10][135][136]
7 May
02:42:00[137] 		United States Terrier-Orion[137] Australia Woomera Australia DSTO
AustraliaUnited States HiFIRE 0 DSTO/AFRL Suborbital Technology demonstration 7 May Successful
19 May
04:36 		India Agni II India Integrated Test Range India Indian Army/DRDO
Indian Army/DRDO Suborbital Missile test +127 seconds Launch failure
Loss of control, landed in sea 203 kilometres (126 mi) downrange[138]
20 May[66] Iran Sejjil-2 Iran Semnan Iran IRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 20 May Successful
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi)
22 May
10:32[139] 		United States Nike-Orion Sweden Esrange European Union EuroLaunch
Germany MAPHEUS DLR Suborbital Technology demonstration 22 May Successful
Apogee: 140.8 kilometres (87.5 mi)[139]
26 May United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United Kingdom HMS Victorious United Kingdom Royal Navy
Royal Navy Suborbital Missile test 26 July Successful
28 May
16:52 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Wallops Island United States NASA
United States SOAREX VII NASA Suborbital 28 May Successful
29 May United States Improved Orion Brazil Alcântara Brazil AEB
Brazil Maracati 1 INPE Suborbital Microgravity 29 May Successful
6 June United States Terrier-Lynx United States San Nicolas United States U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital YAL-1 target 6 June Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
13 June United States Terrier-Lynx United States San Nicolas United States U.S. Air Force
U.S. Air Force Suborbital YAL-1 target 13 June Successful
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
26 June
09:30 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Wallops Island LA-2 United States NASA
United States RockOn! University of Colorado Suborbital Student research 09:45 Successful
27 June
07:30 		Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands LC-36 United States NASA
United States DICE University of Colorado Suborbital UV Astronomy 07:40 Spacecraft failure[140]
29 June
10:01 		United States LGM-30G Minuteman III United States Vandenberg United States U.S. Air Force
United States GT-199GM U.S. Air Force Suborbital Missile test 29 June Successful
5 July[141] North Korea Hwasong-7 North Korea Kittaeryong North Korea Korean People's Army Strategic Force
North Korea Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 5 July Successful
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi).
5 July[141] North Korea Hwasong-7 North Korea Kittaeryong North Korea Korean People's Army Strategic Force
North Korea Korean People's Army Strategic Force Suborbital Missile test 5 July Successful
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi).
13 July
01:20[142] 		Russia R-29RMU Sineva Russia K-84 Ekaterinburg Russia VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 13 July Successful
Carried ten re-entry vehicles, impacted Kura Test Range
13 July
23:50[142] 		Russia R-29RMU Sineva Russia K-117 Bryansk, North Pole Russia VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 14 July Successful
Carried ten re-entry vehicles, impacted Chizha test site
16 July[143] Russia RSM-56 Bulava Russia TK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea Russia VMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 16 July Launch failure
First stage malfunction[143]
22 July
03:40 		United States LRALT C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean United States MDA
MDA/IMDO Suborbital ABM target 22 July Successful
Target for Arrow test, interceptor launch scrubbed
31 July
03:40 		FTM-17 United StatesKauai United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 31 July Successful
Target for Stellar Avenger test, intercept successful
31 July
03:42 		United States RIM-161 SM-3 FTM-17 United States USS Hopper United States MDA
United States Stellar Avenger MDA Suborbital ABM test 31 July Successful
31 July
04:00[142] 		FTM-17 United StatesKauai United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 31 July Successful
Radar target for exercise after Stellar Avenger, not intercepted
11 August
04:50 		Canada Black Brant IX United StatesSan Nicolas United States NASA
United States MARTI U.S. Air Force Suborbital ABL target 11 August Successful
17 August
12:52:00[144] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States Wallops Island United States NASA
United States IRVE-II NASA Suborbital Technology demonstration 17 August Successful
23 August
16:01[145] 		United States LGM-30G Minuteman III United States Vandenberg United States U.S. Air Force
United States GT-200GM U.S. Air Force Suborbital Missile test 23 August Successful[145]
Travelled 6,743 kilometres (4,190 mi) downrange[145]
3 September[146] United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United States USS West Virginia, Eastern Range United States U.S. Navy
U.S. Navy Suborbital Missile test 3 September Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
4 September[146] United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United States USS West Virginia, Eastern Range United States U.S. Navy
U.S. Navy Suborbital Missile test 4 September Successful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
14 September
17:40[140] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands LC-36 United States NASA
United States HERSCHEL NRL Suborbital Solar 14 September Successful
19 September
23:32 		Canada Black Brant XII United States Wallops Island LP-1 United States NASA
United States CARE[147] NRL Suborbital Aeronomy 19 September Successful
27 September[146] Iran Shahab 1 IranIran IranIRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 27 September Successful
Part of Great Prophet IV exercise, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
27 September[146] Iran Shahab 2 IranIran IranIRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 27 September Successful
Part of Great Prophet IV exercise, apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi)
28 September[146] Iran Shahab 3 IranIran IranIRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 28 September Successful
Part of Great Prophet IV exercise, apogee: 500 kilometres (310 mi)
28 September[146] Iran Sejjil-1 IranIran IranIRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 28 September Successful
Part of Great Prophet IV exercise, apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi)
6 October[148] Russia R-29R Volna Russia K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk RussiaVMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 6 October Successful
Carried four re-entry vehicles
7 October[148] RussiaR-29R Volna Russia K-44 Ryazan, Sea of Okhotsk RussiaVMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 7 October Successful
Carried four re-entry vehicles
12 October IndiaPrithvi 2 IndiaOdisha India Indian Air Force
Indian Air Force Suborbital Target 12 October Successful
16 October[148] United States ARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole) United StatesKauai United StatesMDA
United StatesFTX-06 Event 2 MDA Suborbital ABM target 16 October Successful
Radar target, not intercepted
16 October[148] United StatesARAV-B (Terrier-Oriole) United StatesKauai United StatesMDA
United StatesFTX-06 Event 3 MDA Suborbital ABM target 16 October Successful
Radar target, not intercepted
28 October
04:00[148] 		JFTM-3 United StatesKauai United StatesMDA
JMSDF/MDA Suborbital ABM target 28 October Successful
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi), intercepted by SM-3
28 October
04:04[148] 		United StatesRIM-161 SM-3 JFTM-3 Japan JDS Myōkō, Pacific Ocean JapanJMSDF
JMSDF Suborbital ABM test 28 October Successful
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi), intercepted target
1 November[148] RussiaR-29RMU Sineva RussiaK-117 Bryansk, Barents Sea RussiaVMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 1 November Successful
Carried four re-entry vehicles
5 November[148] United States ARAV-C (Talos-Castor) United StatesKauai United StatesMDA
United StatesFTX-06 Event 4 MDA Suborbital ABM target 5 November Successful
Radar target, not intercepted
14 November
02:30[149] 		Canada Black Brant IX United States White Sands LC-36 United States NASA
United States CyXESS Colorado Suborbital X-ray astronomy[150] 14 November Successful
22 November
11:15[151] 		Brazil VSB-30 Sweden Esrange European Union EuroLaunch
European Union TEXUS-46 ESA Suborbital Microgravity 22 November Successful
Apogee: 252 kilometres (157 mi)[113]
23 November
14:20[citation needed] 		India Agni II India Integrated Test Range India Indian Army/DRDO
Indian Army/DRDO Suborbital Missile test 23 November Launch failure
Loss of control after second stage separation[citation needed]
29 November
09:00[151] 		Brazil VSB-30 Sweden Esrange Europe EuroLaunch
European Union TEXUS-47 ESA Suborbital Microgravity 29 November Successful
Apogee: 264 kilometres (164 mi)[113]
30 November
01:38[113] 		New Zealand Ātea-1 New Zealand Great Mercury Island New Zealand Rocket Lab
New Zealand Manu Karere Rocket Lab Suborbital Test flight 30 November Successful
Apogee: 120 kilometres (75 mi),[113] maiden flight of Ātea-1, first spaceflight to be conducted by New Zealand
9 December
06:45[113] 		Russia RSM-56 Bulava RussiaTK-208 Dmitri Donskoi, White Sea RussiaVMF
VMF Suborbital Missile test 9 December Launch failure
Loss of control during third stage burn,[113] caused spiral patterns in the sky above Norway
10 December
11:35[113] 		Russia RS-12M Topol Russia Kapustin Yar Russia RVSN RF
RVSN RF Suborbital Missile test 10 December Successful
11 December United States LRALT FTT-11 C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean United StatesMDA
MDA/IMDO Suborbital ABM target 11 December Launch failure
Target for THAAD
13 December India Dhanush India INS Subhadra India Indian Navy
Indian Navy Suborbital Target 13 December Successful
16 December[113] Iran Sejjil-2 Iran Iran Iran IRGC
IRGC Suborbital Missile test 16 December Successful
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi)
17 December
03:25 		United States Terrier-Orion United States Wallops Island United States NASA
United States HAROH[152] ERAU Suborbital Aeronomy 17 December Successful
19 December[153] United States UGM-133 Trident II D5 United States USS Alaska United States US Navy
U.S. Navy Suborbital Test flight 19 December Successful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation
24 December[154] Russia R-36M2 Voyevoda Russia Dombarovsky Russia RVSN RF
RVSN RF Suborbital Missile test 24 December Successful

Deep space rendezvous

Date Spacecraft Event Remarks
7 February Cassini 50th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 960 kilometres (600 mi)
12 February[155] Okina Lunar impact Farside of the Moon
17 February Dawn Flyby of Mars Gravity assist, closest approach 549 kilometres (341 mi) at 00:28 GMT
1 March[156] Chang'e 1 Lunar impact Deorbited at 07:36 and impacted at 08:13[156]
27 March Cassini 51st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 960 kilometres (600 mi)
4 April Cassini 52nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 4,150 kilometres (2,580 mi)
20 April Cassini 53rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,600 kilometres (2,200 mi)
5 May Cassini 54th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,244 kilometres (2,016 mi)
21 May Cassini 55th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 965 kilometres (600 mi)
6 June Cassini 56th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 965 kilometres (600 mi)
10 June[157] Kaguya Lunar Impact at 18:25 UTC, around Gill crater.
22 June Cassini 57th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955 kilometres (593 mi)
23 June LRO Selenocentric orbit insertion Orbital insersion burn lasted from 09:47 to 10:26 UTC
23 June LCROSS/Centaur Lunar flyby Gravity assist to align for impact in October, closest approach: 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) at 10:30:33 UTC
8 July Cassini 58th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 965 kilometres (600 mi)
24 July Cassini 59th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955 kilometres (593 mi)
9 August Cassini 60th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 970 kilometres (600 mi)
25 August Cassini 61st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 970 kilometres (600 mi)
17 September Artemis P1 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 43,875 kilometres (27,263 mi) at 00:49 UTC[158]
30 September MESSENGER 3rd flyby of Mercury Gravity assist, closest approach: 229 kilometres (142 mi)[159]
9 October AV-020 Centaur Lunar impact 2,000-kilogram (4,400 lb) upper stage of the Atlas V rocket used to launch LRO and LCROSS. Impacted Cabeus crater[5] at Lunar South Pole.[160] Impact occurred at 11:31 UTC, and was observed by LCROSS.
LCROSS (S-S/C) Lunar impact 700-kilogram (1,500 lb) shepherding spacecraft. Detached from Centaur at 01:50 UTC, and impacted same crater at 11:37.
12 October Cassini 62nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,300 kilometres (810 mi)
2 November Cassini 7th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 103 kilometres (64 mi)
13 November Rosetta 3rd flyby of Earth Gravity assist
21 November Cassini 8th flyby of Enceladus Closest approach: 1,607 kilometres (999 mi)
8 December Artemis P1 Lunar flyby Closest approach: 16,101 kilometres (10,005 mi) at 01:25 UTC[158]
12 December Cassini 63rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 4,850 kilometres (3,010 mi)
28 December Cassini 64th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 955 kilometres (593 mi)
Distant, non-targeted flybys of Dione, Mimas, Rhea, Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
10 March
16:22 		4 hours
49 minutes 		21:11 Expedition 18
ISS Pirs 		Russia Yuri Lonchakov
United States Michael Fincke 		Installed the EXPOSE-R experiment, removed tape straps from a docking target on the Pirs docking compartment, inspected and photographed the exterior of the Russian portion of the station.[161][162]
19 March
17:16 		6 hours
7 minutes 		23:23 STS-119
ISS Quest 		United States Steven Swanson
United States Richard R. Arnold 		Installed the S6 truss to the S5 truss, connected S5/S6 umbilicals, released launch restraints, removed keel pins, stored and removed thermal covers, and deployed the S6 photovoltaic radiator.[163]
21 March
16:51 		6 hours
30 minutes 		23:21 STS-119
ISS Quest 		United StatesSteven Swanson
United States Joseph M. Acaba 		Advanced preparation of worksite for STS-127, installation of an unpressurised cargo carrier attachment system on the P3 truss, installation of a Global Positioning System antenna to the Kibo laboratory, and infrared imagery of panels of the radiators on the P1 and S1 trusses.[164][165] Cargo carrier installation unsuccessful
23 March
15:37 		6 hours
27 minutes 		22:04 STS-119
ISS Quest 		United StatesJoseph M. Acaba
United StatesRichard R. Arnold 		Relocation of a crew equipment cart, complete the deployment of a cargo carrier, lubricated the station robotic arm's latching end effector B snare bearings, and finish swapping electrical relays to the station's gyroscopes.[166] Cargo carrier deployment unsuccessful
14 May
12:52 		7 hours
20 minutes 		20:12 STS-125
Atlantis 		United States John M. Grunsfeld
United States Andrew J. Feustel 		HST servicing: Replaced the WFPC-2 with WFC-3, replaced the Science Instrument Command and Data Handling Unit, lubricated three shroud doors, installed SCM.[167][168][169]
15 May
12:49 		7 hours
56 minutes 		20:46 STS-125
Atlantis 		United States Michael J. Massimino
United States Michael T. Good 		HST servicing: Replaced rate sensing gyroscopes, removed one of two batteries.[170][171]
16 May
13:35 		6 hours
36 minutes 		20:11 STS-125
Atlantis 		United StatesJohn M. Grunsfeld
United StatesAndrew J. Feustel 		HST servicing: Replaced COSTAR with COS. Repaired ACS, performed get-ahead tasks from EVA-5.[172]
17 May
13:45 		8 hours
2 minutes 		21:47 STS-125
Atlantis 		United StatesMichael J. Massimino
United StatesMichael T. Good 		HST servicing: Repaired Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph.[173]
18 May
13:20 		7 hours
2 minutes 		20:22 STS-125
Atlantis 		United StatesJohn M. Grunsfeld
United StatesAndrew J. Feustel 		HST servicing: Final HST servicing EVA, final EVA from Space Shuttle. Replaced second battery, installed FGS-3, replaced some insulation and a low-gain antenna cover.[174][175][176]
5 June
07:52 		4 hours
54 minutes 		12:46 Expedition 20
ISS Pirs 		Russia Gennady Padalka
United States Michael R. Barratt 		Prepared the Zvezda service module transfer compartment for the arrival of the Poisk module, installed docking antenna for the module, photographed antenna for evaluation on the ground, and photographed the Strela-2 crane. First use of the Orlan-MK spacesuit.[177][178]
10 June
06:55 		12 minutes 07:07 Expedition 20
ISS Zvezda 		RussiaGennady Padalka
United StatesMichael R. Barratt 		Internal spacewalk in the depressurised Zvezda transfer compartment, replaced one of the Zvezda hatches with a docking cone, in preparation for the docking of Poisk, later this year.[179]
18 July
16:19 		5 hours
32 minutes 		21:51 STS-127
ISS Quest 		United States David Wolf
United States Timothy L. Kopra 		JEF installed and P3 nadir UCCAS deployed. S3 zenith outboard PAS deploy postponed due to time constraints.
20 July
15:27 		6 hours
53 minutes 		22:20 STS-127
ISS Quest 		United StatesDavid Wolf
United States Thomas Marshburn 		Transferred Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs) from the Shuttle Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) to the External Stowage Platform-3 (ESP-3). Transferred materials included a spare high-gain antenna, cooling-system pump module and spare parts for the Mobile Servicing System. JEF Visual Equipment (JEF-VE) installation on the forward section was postponed due to time constraints.
22 July
14:32 		5 hours
59 minutes 		20:31 STS-127
ISS Quest 		United StatesDavid Wolf
United States Christopher Cassidy 		JPM preparation work, ICS-EF MLI, and P6 battery replacement (2 of 6 units). EVA was cut short due to high levels of CO2 in Cassidy's suit.
24 July
13:54 		7 hours
12 minutes 		21:06 STS-127
ISS Quest 		United StatesChristopher Cassidy
United StatesThomas Marshburn 		P6 battery replacement (final 4 of 6).
27 July
11:33 		4 hours
54 minutes 		16:27 STS-127
ISS Quest 		United StatesChristopher Cassidy
United StatesThomas Marshburn 		SPDM thermal cover adjustment, Z1 patch panel reconfiguration, JEM visual equipment (JEM-VE) installation (forward and aft), and JEM-LTA reconfigurations. S3 Nadir PAS (outboard) deployment postponed to later mission.
1 September
21:49 		6 hours
35 minutes 		2 September
04:24 		STS-128
ISS Quest 		United States John D. Olivas
United States Nicole P. Stott 		Prepared for the replacement of an empty ammonia tank on the station's port truss by releasing its bolts. Retrieved the MISSE-6 and EuTEF experiments mounted outside Columbus, and stowed them in the Shuttle's payload bay for their return to Earth. Nicole Stott becomes the tenth woman to conduct a spacewalk.
3 September
22:13 		6 hours
39 minutes 		4 September
04:51 		STS-128
ISS Quest 		United StatesJohn D. Olivas
Sweden Christer Fuglesang 		Removed the new ammonia tank from the shuttle's payload bay and replaced it with the used tank from the station. The new tank, weighing about 1,800 pounds (820 kg), was the most mass ever moved by spacewalking astronauts. With this spacewalk, Christer Fuglesang became the first person, who is not from either an American or Russian space program, to have participated in four or more spacewalks.
5 September
20:39 		7 hours
1 minute 		6 September
03:40 		STS-128
ISS Quest 		United StatesJohn D. Olivas
SwedenChrister Fuglesang 		Prepared for the arrival of Tranquility by attaching cables between the starboard truss and Unity, the area where Tranquility will be installed. The spacewalkers also replaced a communications sensor device, installed two new GPS antennas, deployed the PAS on the S3 truss, and replaced a circuit breaker.
19 November
14:24 		6 hours
37 minutes 		21:01 STS-129
ISS Quest 		United States Michael Foreman
United States Robert Satcher 		Installed a spare antenna on the station's truss and a bracket for ammonia lines on Unity. Lubricated the grapple mechanism on the Payload Orbital Replacement Unit Attachment Device on the Mobile Base System and lubricated the snares of the hand of the station's Japanese robotic arm. Deployed the S3 outboard Payload Attach System.
21 November
14:31 		6 hours
8 minutes 		20:39 STS-129
ISS Quest 		United StatesMichael Foreman
United States Randolph Bresnik 		Installed the GATOR (Grappling Adaptor to On-Orbit Railing) bracket to Columbus and an additional ham radio antenna. Installed on the truss an antenna for wireless helmet camera video. Relocated the Floating Potential Measurement Unit that records electrical potential around the station as it orbits the Earth. Deployed two brackets to attach cargo on the truss.
23 November
13:24 		5 hours
42 minutes 		19:06 STS-129
ISS Quest 		United StatesRobert Satcher
United StatesRandolph Bresnik 		Installed a new High Pressure Gas Tank (HPGT) on the Quest airlock. Installed MISSE-7A and 7B on ELC-2. Strapped two micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) shields to External Stowage Platform #2. Relocated foot restraint, released a bolt on Ammonia Tank Assembly, installed insulated covers on cameras on mobile servicing system and Canadarm 2's end effector. Worked heater cables on docking adapter.

Orbital launch statistics

By country

China: 6Europe: 7India: 2Iran: 1Japan: 3North Korea: 1South Korea: 1Russia: 27Ukraine: 6USA: 24
Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures 		Remarks
 China 6 5 0 1
 Europe 7 7 0 0
 India 2 2 0 0
 Iran 1 1 0 0 First successful orbital launch[2]
 Japan 3 3 0 0
 North Korea 1 0 1 0
 South Korea 1 0 1 0 With Russian assistance
 Russia 27 26 1 0
 Ukraine 6 6 0 0
 United States 24 23 1 0
World 78 73 4 1

By rocket

By family

By type

By configuration

By launch site

5
10
15
20
25
30
China
France
India
International waters
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Marshall Islands
North Korea
Russia
South Korea
United States
Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  Kazakhstan 24 24 0 0
Cape Canaveral  United States 11 11 0 0
Jiuquan  China 2 2 0 0
Kennedy  United States 5 5 0 0
Kwajalein  Marshall Islands 1 1 0 0
Kourou  France 7 7 0 0
MARS  United States 1 1 0 0
Ocean Odyssey United Nations International 1 1 0 0
Naro  South Korea 1 0 1 0 First launch
Plesetsk  Russia 8 7 1 0
Satish Dhawan  India 2 2 0 0
Semnan  Iran 1 1 0 0
Taiyuan  China 2 2 0 0
Tanegashima  Japan 3 3 0 0
Tonghae  North Korea 1 0 1 0
Vandenberg  United States 6 5 1 0
Xichang  China 2 1 0 1
Total 78 73 4 1

By orbit

  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Geosychronous
    (transfer)
  •   Inclined GSO
  •   High Earth
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regime Launches Successes Failures Accidentally
achieved 		Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 45 42 3 0 14 to ISS
Medium Earth / Molniya 4 3 1 1
Geosynchronous / GTO 26 26 0 0
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1 1 0 0
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer 2 2 0 0
Total 78 74 4 1

See also

References

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link‍]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link‍]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link‍]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
  • "Rocket Launch Manifest". Next Spaceflight.
Generic references:

Spaceflight portal

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Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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