Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

2023 Russia–Africa Summit

For the 2019 event, see 2019 Russia–Africa Summit.

2023 Russia–Africa Summit
Host countryRussia
Date27–28 July 2023
MottoFor peace, security and development
Venue(s)Expoforum
CitiesSaint Petersburg
ParticipantsVladimir Putin
African leaders
Follows2019 Russia–Africa Summit
WebsiteOfficial website

The second Russia–Africa Summit was held at the Expo Forum in St. Petersburg on 27 and 28 July 2023, following its postponement, having been originally scheduled for October 2022 at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[1][2][3]

Attended by 49 delegations,[4] only 17 heads of state participated in the summit, with 43 previously attending in the first summit in 2019.[5][6]

The summit was attended by Yevgeny Prigozhin – leader of Wagner Group at the time – in one of his first, and final, public appearances in Russia since launching an unsuccessful rebellion. His Wagner mercenaries have supported the interests of the Russian government in several African countries.[7][8]

Putin said that Russia has written off $23 billion of African debt.[9]

Attendees

Delegations participating in the 2023 Russia–Africa Summit
  •   Head of state or government
  •   Ministers or ambassadors

Hosts

Other African countries

Heads of state

Other representatives

Organizations and other attendees

Countries that did not participate

According to several sources, a Nigerien delegation was unable to attend due to an ongoing coup d'état.[56][57][58] William Ruto, president of Kenya, refused to attend the summit and opted for the African Union (AU) to represent Kenya instead, with a spokesperson saying that he wanted to convey the message to the AU "to carry the wishes of the country at the Summit". He however subsequently attended the Saudi-Africa summit in November 2023 later in the year and the Italy-Africa summit in February 2024 despite saying he wouldn't in leu of AU representation[59]

The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a disputed state which is a member of the African Union, did not participate due to a lack of diplomatic relations with Russia.[60]

Russian invasion of Ukraine and Black Sea Grain Initiative

Further information: Black Sea Grain Initiative and World food crises (2022–present)
See also: Famine in northern Ethiopia (2020–present) § Effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 16 May 2023, South African president Cyril Ramaphosa announced that the leaders of African countries came up with a new initiative for peace in Ukraine.[61] In June 2023, a delegation from Africa, including representatives from South Africa, Egypt, Senegal, Congo-Brazzaville, Comoros, Zambia, and Uganda, visited Ukraine and Russia to call for peace.[62] On 17 June 2023, Ramaphosa and other African leaders met Russian President Vladimir Putin in St. Petersburg. Ramaphosa called on Putin to end the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[63] but Putin rejected the delegation's peace plan based on accepting Ukraine's internationally recognized borders.[64] According to South African professor William Gumede, of the University of the Witwatersrand, the African peace initiative was treated with "disdain and disrespect" by Putin. Gumede said the visiting African leaders perceived that Kyiv being bombed during their visit to Ukraine was "humiliating... and then in Russia, Putin didn't even bother to listen to the delegation, basically interrupting them before they'd even finished speaking, implying there was no point in discussing anything as the war would continue."[65]

During the Russian-African summit, president Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo urged Putin that the Russian invasion of Ukraine must end and that the African peace plan should not be underestimated.[66][67] Ramaphosa called for peace in Ukraine and expressed concern about food security and rising fertilizer prices.[68] Without specifically mentioning the Russian invasion of Ukraine or any other war, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni said that the "only justified wars are the just wars, like the anti-colonial wars. Wars of hegemony will fail and waste time and opportunity. Dialogue is the correct way."[69]

Zimbabwean president Emmerson Mnangagwa voiced support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine, saying that he and Putin "discussed the need for prosperity through peace as well as how our countries can work together to assure food security across the continent", adding that the "victims of sanctions must cooperate".[70][71] Malian military leader Assimi Goïta and Central African president Faustin-Archange Touadéra, whose countries are increasingly reliant on Wagner Group mercenaries, also expressed support for Russia, with Touadéra saying that Russia "had helped to save its democracy and prevent a civil war", according to Reuters.[72] Eritrean president Isaias Afwerki openly denied the existence of the Russo-Ukrainian War during a meeting with Putin.[73][74]

Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and other African leaders urged Vladimir Putin to renew the grain deal and allow Ukraine to export grain via the Black Sea route.[75][76][77] On 17 July 2023, Putin withdrew from a deal that allowed Ukraine to export grain across the Black Sea despite a wartime blockade,[78] risking deepening the global food crisis and antagonizing neutral countries in the Global South.[79] Following Putin's withdrawal from the grain deal, Russia launched a series of attacks on the Ukrainian port cities of Odesa and Mykolaiv.[80][81] The Kenyan government called Putin's decision to block grain exports from Ukraine "a stab in the back" and said that the resulting rise in global food prices "disproportionately impacts countries in the Horn of Africa already impacted" by the worst drought in four decades.[8][78]

Putin offered to send "free supplies of 25,000 to 50,000 tonnes of grain" to six countries to make up for the withdrawal from the previous grain deal. The countries that were to receive free grain included allies of Russia: Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Eritrea, Mali, and Zimbabwe, as well as war torn Somalia.[82]

Summit events

26 July

During the sidelines of the summit, Putin held several bilateral meetings, including with Ethiopian prime minister Abiy Ahmed, and Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, discussing trade, nuclear energy and other topics.[83][84][85]

Putin also talked to Dilma Rousseff, former President of Brazil and concurrent chairperson of the BRICS New Development Bank.[86]

27 July

During a plenary session, Putin spoke under a theme of "Technology and Security in the Name of Sovereign Development for the Benefit of Humankind". The session was chaired by Irina Abramova [ru], the director of the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.[87][88]

Before the plenary session, Putin met with Comorian president Azali Assoumani, also serving as the concurrent Chairperson of the African Union, and Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson of the African Union Commission.[89] He later met with presidents Filipe Nyusi of Mozambique, and Évariste Ndayishimiye of Burundi.[90][91]

After these meetings, Putin had a working breakfast with the heads of African regional organisations including the African Union, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, the East African Community, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the Economic Community of Central African States, the Economic Community of West African States, and the African Export-Import Bank.[92]

Putin and Zimbabwean president Emmerson Mnangagwa held a bilateral meeting to discuss Russia–Zimbabwe relations, during which he offered Mnangagwa a helicopter.[71] He also met with Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni.[70]

28 July

Many agreements were signed with participating African countries on this date. Leaders from the Comoros, Cameroon, Uganda, Libya, and the Republic of the Congo, alongside African Union Commission chairperson Moussa Faki, were among representatives giving remarks, with emphasized calls to Putin for an end to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[93][72] The summit concluded with a final declaration, as well as an official plan for implementing a Partnership Forum for 2023-2026 and a number of other documents.[94]

A bilateral meeting between Putin and Eritrean president Isaias Afwerki was held after the end of the summit.[73]

A confirmed sighting of Wagner Group leader Yevgeny Prigozhin in the aftermath of the failed mutiny emerged, showing him meeting with Freddy Mapouka, a presidential advisor in the Central African Republic, and the head of the Cameroonian version of pro-Russian media outlet Afrique Media, at the Trezzini Palace hotel in St. Petersburg during the 2023 Africa-Russia summit.[95]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Russia-Africa Summit to take place in St Petersburg from 27–28 July". African Business. 19 July 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  2. ^ Diallo, Mariama (20 July 2023). "Ukraine War Looms Large Over Russia-Africa Summit". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Rabat and Moscow Discuss Bilateral Ties and Upcoming Russia-Africa Summit – The North Africa Post". The North Africa Post. 20 July 2023. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  4. ^ "Russia-Africa Summit: African leaders arrive in St. Petersburg". Africanews. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  5. ^ Gigova, Radina; Chernova, Anna; Tanno, Sophie; Princewill, Nimi (27 July 2023). "Isolated Putin tries to shore up African support as Kremlin seethes over poor summit turnout". CNN. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  6. ^ Bastmeijer, Joost (27 July 2023). "Oekraïne-oorlog werpt schaduw op Rusland-Afrikatop: de helft van Afrikaanse staatshoofden blijft thuis". de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Wagner boss Prigozhin appears on sidelines of Russia-Africa summit in St Petersburg". Financial Times. 27 July 2023.
  8. ^ a b Wolff, Stefan (28 July 2023). "Russia-Africa summit: Putin offers unconvincing giveaways in a desperate bid to make up for killing the Ukraine grain deal". The Conversation.
  9. ^ "Putin writes-off $23bn to further cozy up with Africa". Business Day. 28 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Comorian president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  11. ^ "President of Burkina Faso first leader to arrive in Russia to attend Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  12. ^ "Burundi's president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Cameroon's leader arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  14. ^ "CAR president, delegation arrive in St. Petersburg to participate in Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  15. ^ "Congo Republic's president arrives in St Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Egyptian president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  17. ^ "President of Eritrea arrives in St. Petersburg for participation in Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  18. ^ "President of Guinea-Bissau arrives in St. Petersburg to attend Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Russia–Africa Summit". Kremlin Presidential Office. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Mali's interim president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  21. ^ "President of Mozambique arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  22. ^ "President of Senegal arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  23. ^ "South African president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  24. ^ "Ugandan president, delegation arrive in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  25. ^ "Zimbabwean president arrives at Russia-Africa summit in St. Petersburg". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  26. ^ "Algerian prime minister arrives in St Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Angolan delegation arrives in St. Petersburg to take part in Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  28. ^ "Benin delegation headed by top diplomat arrives at Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  29. ^ "Prime Minister of Ethiopia arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  30. ^ "Chad's delegation arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  31. ^ "DRC delegation being headed by defense minister at summit in St. Petersburg". TASS. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  32. ^ "Delegation of Djibouti arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  33. ^ "Russia and Equatorial Guinea discuss cooperation within OPEC+, exploration". TASS. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  34. ^ "Foreign minister of Guinea arrives in St. Petersburg to take part in Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  35. ^ "Ghanaian delegation arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  36. ^ "High-ranking Gambian delegation arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  37. ^ "Senate speaker leads Madagascar delegation to Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  38. ^ "Deputy Prime Minister of Malawi heads his country's delegation at summit in St. Petersburg". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  39. ^ "Delegation of Mauritania arrives at the Russia-Africa summit in St. Petersburg". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  40. ^ "Moroccan delegation led by the prime minister arrives for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  41. ^ "Moroccan Delegation Participates in Second Russia-Africa Summit 2023". BNN. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  42. ^ "Nigerian delegation led by vice president arrives for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  43. ^ "Somalia's delegation arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  44. ^ "Premier of Tanzania arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Foreign Minister of Rwanda to lead delegation of his country at Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  46. ^ "Delegation from Seychelles first to arrive in Russia to attend Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  47. ^ "South Sudan's vice president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  48. ^ "Putin hosts African leaders in St-Petersburg for the second Russia-Africa summit". Radio France Internationale. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  49. ^ "FM discusses with Russian counterpart in Moscow means of importing grain at preferential prices". Agence Tunis Afrique Presse. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  50. ^ "Zambian delegation led by foreign minister lands in St. Petersburg to attend summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  51. ^ a b c "Heads of African organizations arrive in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  52. ^ "Putin holding meeting with head of BRICS New Development Bank". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  53. ^ "Afreximbank president arrives in St. Petersburg for Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  54. ^ "Russia signs memorandum of cooperation with Central African countries". TASS. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  55. ^ "Ex-Austrian foreign minister to participate in Russia-Africa Summit". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  56. ^ "Niger : ce que l'on sait de la tentative de coup d'Etat en cours contre le président Mohamed Bazoum" [Niger: what we know about the ongoing coup attempt against President Mohamed Bazoum]. Franceinfo (in French). 26 July 2023. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  57. ^ "Niger soldiers declare coup on national TV". BBC News. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  58. ^ "Niger's president 'held by guards' in apparent coup attempt". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  59. ^ "Kenya President Ruto to skip Russia-Africa Summit". The East African. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  60. ^ "Russia-Africa Summit Excludes Polisario Despite Strong Algeria-Russia Ties". Morocco World News. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  61. ^ "African Nations Plan Russia-Ukraine Peace Mission, Ramaphosa Says". Bloomberg. 16 May 2023.
  62. ^ "Ukraine war must end, South African President Ramaphosa tells Putin". BBC. 18 June 2023. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  63. ^ "South Africa's Ramaphosa tells Vladimir Putin to stop war in Ukraine as African delegation arrives in Moscow to plead for peace". Sky News. 18 June 2023.
  64. ^ "Putin rebuts key elements of African peace plan for Ukraine". Reuters. 18 June 2023.
  65. ^ "Russia-Africa summit hosted by Putin draws small crowd, reflecting Africa's changing mood on Moscow". CBS News. 28 July 2023.
  66. ^ "Congo Republic leader urges end to Russia-Ukraine conflict". Reuters. 28 July 2023.
  67. ^ "African leaders press Putin on grain deal and peace plan for Ukraine". Swissinfo. 28 July 2023.
  68. ^ "South Africa's president raises food security concerns in Russia-Africa summit". Africanews. 29 July 2023.
  69. ^ "Putin woos African leaders at a summit in Russia with promises of expanding trade and other ties". Reuters. 28 July 2023.
  70. ^ a b "Zimbabwe and Uganda leaders meet with Russian President Putin". Africanews. 28 July 2023.
  71. ^ a b "Putin offers Zimbabwe a presidential helicopter". Africanews. Agence France-Presse. 27 July 2023. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023.
  72. ^ a b "African leaders tell Putin: 'We have a right to call for peace'". Reuters. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  73. ^ a b "Eritrean, Burkina Faso leaders align with Russia, deny Putin's terrorist war". TVP World. 29 July 2023. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  74. ^ "Conflict in Ukraine de facto West's war on Russia — Eritrean president". TASS. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  75. ^ "Russia urged to renew Ukraine grain deal at Africa summit". BBC News. 28 July 2023.
  76. ^ "African leaders tell Putin: 'We have a right to call for peace'". Reuters. 29 July 2023.
  77. ^ "Russia seeks to boost ties with Egypt, Algeria at Africa summit". Al-Monitor. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  78. ^ a b "Putin tightens grip on Africa after killing Black Sea grain deal". Politico. 19 July 2023.
  79. ^ "By pulling out of the Ukrainian grain deal, Russia risks alienating its few remaining partners". AP News. 21 July 2023.
  80. ^ "Ukraine: Guterres 'strongly condemns' Russian attacks on Odesa and other ports". UN News. 20 July 2023.
  81. ^ "African Leaders Press Putin on Grain Deal, Ukraine War". VOA News. 28 July 2023.
  82. ^ "Putin promises free grain at Africa summit". France 24. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  83. ^ "Putin meets with Ethiopian PM on sidelines of Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  84. ^ "Egyptian president says all Russia's initiatives on cooperation with Africa welcome". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  85. ^ "Ethiopian Prime Minister calls Russia a 'brotherly' nation". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  86. ^ "Putin holding meeting with head of BRICS New Development Bank". TASS. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  87. ^ "Plenary session of the Russia-Africa Economic and Humanitarian Forum". Kremlin Presidential Office. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  88. ^ "Trade between Russia, Africa totals $18 bln, which is result of Sochi summit — Putin". TASS. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  89. ^ "Meeting with Chairperson of the African Union, President of the Union of the Comoros Azali Assoumani and Chairperson of the African Union Commission Moussa Faki Mahamat". Kremlin Presidential Office. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  90. ^ "Meeting with President of Mozambique Filipe Jacinto Nyusi". Kremlin Presidential Office. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  91. ^ "Meeting with President of the Republic of Burundi Evariste Ndayishimiye". Kremlin Presidential Office. 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  92. ^ "Working breakfast with heads of African regional organisations". Kremlin Presidential Office. 27 July 2023.
  93. ^ "Putin promises grains, debt write-off as Russia seeks Africa allies". Al Jazeera. 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  94. ^ "Putin, African leaders adopt final declaration of Russia-Africa summit". TASS. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  95. ^ "Prigozhin: Wagner boss spotted in Russia during Africa summit". BBC. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.

Read other articles:

Du fait de cuisine

Du fait de cuisine adalah frasa dalam bahasa Prancis yang berarti tentang praktik memasak atau dalam hal memasak. Du fait de cuisine (Tentang seni memasak) merupakan buku masak dari Abad Pertengahan Akhir, yang ditulis tahun 1420 sebagai bagian kompetisi dengan Kadipaten Burgundia.[1] Penulisnya adalah Maistre Chiquart, kepala koki dari Amadeus VIII, Adipati Savoy.[2] Lihat pula Apicius Le Ménagier de Paris Le Viandier Liber de Coquina Masakan abad pertengahan The Forme of Cury …

Taman bumi

Peta letak Geopark di dunia berdasarkan data keilmuan dan kebudayaan UNESCO Global Geoparks Network - GGN. Taman bumi adalah wilayah terpadu yang terdepan dalam perlindungan dan penggunaan warisan geologi dengan cara yang berkelanjutan, dan mempromosikan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat yang tinggal di sana.[1] Terdapat istilah taman bumi dunia/global serta juga taman bumi nasional. Konsep Sebuah Taman Bumi Global adalah area terpadu dengan warisan geologi yang sangat signifikan di dunia…

Akademi Seni Budaya dan Warisan Kebangsaan

Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak dikembangkan, artikel ini akan dihapus. Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Akademi Seni Budaya dan Warisan Kebangsaan – berita&#…

Adrafinil

Wakefulness-promoting drug AdrafinilClinical dataTrade namesOlmifonOther namesCRL-40028AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug NamesRoutes ofadministrationOralATC codeN06BX17 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status AU: S4 (Prescription only) US: Unapproved New Drug (as defined by 21 U.S. Code § 321(p)(1)). Use in dietary supplements, food, or medicine is unlawful; otherwise uncontrolled.[1][2][3][4] Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailability80%Metabolism75% (liver)M…

Ilmari Juutilainen

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Ilmari JuutilainenJulukanIlluLahir(1914-02-21)21 Februari 1914LieksaMeninggal21 Februari 1999(1999-02-21) (umur 85)TuusulaPengabdianFinlandiaDinas/cabangAngkatan Udara FinlandiaLama dinas1932–1947PangkatSotilasmestari (Sersan Mayor)KesatuanLe…

بنجامين تاكر

بنجامين تاكر   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 أبريل 1854 [1]  دارتموث  الوفاة 22 يونيو 1939 (85 سنة) [1]  موناكو  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا  المهنة صحفي،  وفيلسوف،  واقتصادي،  ومترجم،  ولاسلطوي  ال…

Daniel F. Tiemann

American politician Daniel Fawcett Tiemann (January 9, 1805 – June 29, 1899)[1] was Mayor of New York City from 1858 to 1860. He was a founding trustee of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art.[2] Life Tiemann was an industrialist, who lived in Manhattanville where he owned D.F. Tiemann & Company Paint & Color Works, which manufactured pigments and paints. This business had been started originally in 1804 by his father, I. Anthony Tiemann, with his bro…

Victoria College, Jersey

Boys' school in Jersey, Channel Islands Victoria CollegeAddressLe Mont MillaisSaint Helier, JE1 4HTJerseyCoordinates49°11′08″N 2°05′48″W / 49.1856°N 2.0966°W / 49.1856; -2.0966InformationTypeGovernment fee-paying selective schoolMottoLatin: Amat Victoria Curam(Victory favours preparation)Religious affiliation(s)Christian; non-denominational[2]Established1852; 172 years ago (1852)Local authorityGovernment of JerseyChair of governorsRic…

Daftar Menteri Besar Johor

Menteri Besar Johorمنتري بسار جوهرPetahanaOnn Hafiz Ghazisejak 15 Maret 2022GelarYang Amat Berhormat(Yang Terhormat)AnggotaDewan Eksekutif Negara Bagian JohorAtasanDewan Undangan Negeri JohorKediamanSaujana, Johor Bahru, JohorKantorBangunan Dato' Jaafar Muhammad, Kota Iskandar, 79000 Iskandar Puteri, JohorDitunjuk olehIbrahim Ismailsebagai Sultan JohorMasa jabatan5 tahun atau kurang, dapat dipilih kembali untuk masa jabatan berikutnya (selama masih memiliki dukungan dan keperca…

Fort Worth, Texas

Pemandangan kota Fort Worth Fort Worth merupakan nama kota di Amerika Serikat. Letaknya di bagian selatan. Tepatnya di negara bagian Texas. Pada tahun 2004, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak 624.067 jiwa dengan memiliki luas wilayah 774,1 km². Kota ini memiliki angka kepadatan penduduk sebesar 705,7 jiwa/km². Kota ini merupakan kota terbesar kelima di negara bagian Texas dan merupakan kota terbesar ke 19 di Amerika Serikat. Kota kembar Mbabane, Eswatini Reggio Emilia, Italia Naga…

Hoffman Auto Showroom

Dealership in Manhattan, New York Interior of the Hoffman Auto Showroom, 1999, illustrating the spiral platform for vehicle display. The mirrored surfaces were not part of the original design, and were added in the early 1980s. The Hoffman Auto Showroom was an automobile dealership at 430 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright for notable European importer Max Hoffman in 1954, the glass and steel 3,600-square-foot (330 m2) space was located…

Taguig

Peta lokasi Taguig. Taguig adalah kota yang terletak di Metro Manila, Filipina. Kota ini memiliki populasi sebesar 613.343 jiwa. Kota ini memiliki 18 barangay. Pranala luar Philippine Standard Geographic Code Diarsipkan 2012-04-13 di Wayback Machine. 2000 Philippine Census Information lbsKota dan Munisipalitas Metro ManilaKotaCaloocan · Las Piñas · Makati · Malabon · Mandaluyong · Manila · Marikina · Muntinlupa ·…

Animal Politics EU

Group of animal-rights parties in European Union countries Animal Politics EU Founded2014IdeologyAnimal rights[1]Animal welfare[1]European Parliament groupThe Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGLEuropean Parliament1 / 705 Politics of European UnionPolitical partiesElections Former logo Animal Politics EU, formerly Euro Animal 7, is a group of animal rights parties in European Union countries. Goals This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help b…

Vice-Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines

Vice-Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the PhilippinesFlag of the Vice-Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the PhilippinesIncumbentLieutenant General Arthur Cordura, PAFsince November 25, 2022Department of National DefenseTypeMilitary LeadershipStatusActiveAbbreviationVCSAFPMember ofAFP Board of GeneralsReports toSecretary of National Defense (SND) Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (CSAFP)ResidenceCamp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, PhilippinesSeatCamp Gene…

Cherish (Madonna)

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento singoli pop non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Cherishsingolo discograficoScreenshot da una scena del videoclip musicale del branoArtistaMadonna Pubblicazione1º agosto 1989 Durata5:03 (Album Version)3:51 (Edit) Album di provenienzaLike a Prayer Genere[1&#…

OER Project

Project for global teaching of Big History This article is part of a series about Bill Gates Awards and honors Philanthropy Political positions Public image Residence Companies Traf-O-Data Microsoft (criticism) BEN Cascade Investment TerraPower Gates Ventures Charitable organizations Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Match for Africa The Giving Pledge OER Project Breakthrough Energy Mission Innovation Writings An Open Letter to Hobbyists The Road Ahead Business @ the Speed of Thought How to Av…

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） 土…

Eastern Orthodox Church

Second-largest Christian church This article is about the Eastern Orthodox Church as an institution. For its religion, doctrine and tradition, see Eastern Orthodoxy. For other uses of Orthodox Church, see Orthodox Church (disambiguation). For other uses of Greek Orthodox, see Greek Orthodox Church. Not to be confused with Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Christianity, or Eastern Catholic Churches. Orthodox Catholic ChurchSaint George's Cathedral, Istanbul, TurkeyClassificationEastern Orthodox…

Manchester Velodrome

National Cycling CentreManchester VelodromePanorama image of the Manchester VelodromeLocationStuart StreetManchesterEnglandM11 4DQCoordinates53°29′10″N 2°11′31″W / 53.486°N 2.192°W / 53.486; -2.192OwnerCity of ManchesterOperatorBritish CyclingCapacity3,500Field size250 metre trackConstructionOpened14 September 1994[3]ArchitectFaulknerBrowns ArchitectsServices engineerR.V. Webb (Velodrome track)[1][2]TenantsIneos Grenadiers (UCI ProTeam)…

Patricia Scotland

British Dominican barrister and Labour life peer (born 1955) Her Excellency The Right HonourableThe Baroness Scotland of AsthalPC KCScotland in 20186th Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of NationsIncumbentAssumed office 1 April 2016HeadElizabeth IICharles IIIChairJoseph Muscat (Malta)Theresa May (UK)Boris Johnson (UK)Paul Kagame (Rwanda)Preceded byKamalesh SharmaAttorney General for England and WalesIn office28 June 2007 – 11 May 2010Prime MinisterGordon BrownPreceded byPeter …

Characteristics of common wasps and bees
M1903 Springfield
The Grass Roots
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
Hawaiian language
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Toledo, Norte de Santander
Analisis kompleks
CXCL10
2006 RH7
2013 JQ22
Empat penjuru bumi
Homo rudolfensis
Keuskupan Bayonne, Lescar dan Oloron
General Film Company
Alexander D. Bannatyne
Gamma Centauri
Komunikasi analog
Shi Nai'an
2018 Fed Cup World Group II
Stephen R. Evans
Jerome Zerbe
The Grove, Narberth
Andrea Pasqualon
Dana alokasi umum
Hubungan Fiji dengan Indonesia
مركز التنس الأولمبي (ريو دي جانيرو)
العلاقات الأرجنتينية الطاجيكستانية
1977
Oriel College Boat Club
The Word of the Lord
Pengeboman Dresden pada Perang Dunia II
Reuba, Delima, Pidie
1904 Michigan gubernatorial election
Basilika Santa Lidwina dan Bunda Maria dari Rosario, Schiedam
Dozhd
Heiko Uecker
American herring gull
Asia Pacific Exchange and Co-operation Foundation
Mark Bloch (artist)
Crystal Tipps and Alistair
Mega Man
William Wordsworth
Harry Jelinek
Atherton delma
Template talk:Nuclear weapons
Kabupaten Sleman
Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation
Alto Beni Municipality
List of libraries in Lahore
Музыкальный слух
Goldman Sachs
(532037) 2013 FY27
Chicken Shop Date
Howard Johnson (baseball)
CSS Alabama
Steel City Wrestling
Girlfriends (magazine)
Rural Municipality of Minto-Odanah
Marie Louise
Asiatic Vespers
Bab Zeytun
Kahoolawe
Kristijan Bistrović
Hersbruck
Juventus Football Club 1946-1947
Haunted Honeymoon
Jordan's Principle
Украинцы в Молдавии
Gisik
Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley
Palma di Maiorca
Economic history of Ghana
1692 Jamaica earthquake
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran
Trichodysplasia spinulosa
White and Black in chess
ONE Fight Night 8
Euro 7 (Dutch TV channel)
Continental Speedway final
Conservative Friends of Turkey
By the Grace of God (film)
Rotation government
Marin City, California
Ingunn Bollerud
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Jalan Pondok Kelapa Raya (Jakarta)
1881 Buffalo mayoral election
Template talk:Environmental social science
Libya–Spain relations
Axidares of Armenia
Scout method
Cang County
4-8-4
The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Layar sabang
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Paint Rock, Alabama
Jeff Beck's Guitar Shop
Institute of Interim Management
Cosmopolitan Productions
Mousam River
William Burns Smith
Archives départementales de la Haute-Marne
Ottavio di Hannover
Rotula (anatomia)
Positive form
نجم بسجس 2019
Conservation movement
Gökhem
AIDA (misi antariksa)
Nicola Bertucci
Waterspout
Newsweek
Public holidays in Egypt
Strada
Sides Sudyarto DS
Liga Nacional de Básquetbol de Chile
Nanase Nishino
Apple Corps
Rancho San Francisquito (Munrás)
Masyarakat Internasional Kesadaran Kresna
Dae Wihae
2009–10 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team
Richard C. Tallman
Form und Zweck
Gunnison–Crested Butte Regional Airport
Unit of length
Vince Snowbarger
Lettres provinciales
Leaveland
Morzewo, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Tang campaign against Karakhoja
Plumbon, Suruh, Semarang
جلجدود
Cyclosa punjabiensis
List of The Simpsons episodes (seasons 1–20)
Polskie Radio
Fencing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Women's foil
2019–20 Liga Femenina de Baloncesto
2024–25 Accrington Stanley F.C. season
Liz Moeggenberg
Dorothea Thiess
1948 Fukui earthquake
Floc'h
9th Bangladesh National Film Awards
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Rumbi-Rumbia, Laonti, Konawe Selatan
Adam Žampa
Unshackled!
Ghana–Iran relations
ERBB4
1979 in Ireland
Dan people
1993 في كندا
Robert B. F. Peirce
German Valley, Illinois
Carnegie Ridge
1958 Davis Cup
Mrs. A. M. Palmer
Hardik Patel (cricketer)
Afon Cefni
Saint-Servan
Миларепа
Aled Thomas
Kugyō (priest)
La storia di un peccato
Glenn Hughes (musician)
Mayer State Park
Holiday village
Muhajir Cultural Day
Assaracus
Aliphatic compound
Modoinding, Minahasa Selatan
The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear
Template talk:Essendon AFL Women's player squad
Geary Boulevard
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ru/Национальный миф
国会山报
Template talk:Shopping centres in the Western Balkans
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Savona F.B.C.
COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand
KHCM-FM
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Yngve Gamlin
Environmental Science Services Administration
Icosahedral number
Template talk:NWA Hall of Fame
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001)
Bank Industri Negara
محرك بحث
Cromo
Patagonian tinamou
Douglas XP-48
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/ja/一ノ瀬陽鞠
Pope Agapetus I
Eccellenza Trentino-Alto Adige 1991-1992
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Muhtar Pasha
Melong
Battle of Prenzlau
Step on It! (1922 film)
Tenerife
Battle of Aljubarrota
Kootenay Indian Residential School
San Michele Cavana
Fabio Rampelli
Ibanez JEM
Tangle Lakes
Terry Crews
Directeur général
George F. Bond
Lise Deharme
Igapó
IJburg
William Van Mildert
Old Roach, Colorado
Aaron Lewis
Ikkyū (manga)
List of railway lines in Bangladesh
Finnish minelayer Keihässalmi
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana
Alpine skiing at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Shakshouka
Tonsura
Garam sendawa
Joe Hart
George Clint
Tyrebagger stone circle
Igor Žuržinov
Robert Hall (MP for Leeds)
The Stingiest Man in Town
Teloloapan (municipality)
Julio Gamboa
Otteri Nullah
العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الكوستاريكية
Stasiun Takaiwa (Nagano)
Kevin Ashcroft
Donald Blackwell
Sitgreaves Expedition
Max Schrems
Klaudia Fabová
Freezing drizzle
List of government schools in Hong Kong
Million Dollar Baby (Ava Max song)
Constant Kerneïz
川島芳子
Byzantine cuisine
ꬲ
Bal
World of Music, Arts and Dance
2001 Pan American Race Walking Cup
Greek National Road 38
Kákics
Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve 
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 

Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia

Portal : Agama
Agama
Portal : Bahasa
Bahasa
Portal : Biografi
Biografi
Portal : Budaya
Budaya
Portal : Ekonomi
Ekonomi
Portal : Elektronika
Elektronika
Portal : Film
Film
Portal : Filsafat
Filsafat
Portal : Geografi
Geografi
Portal : Indonesia
Indonesia
Portal : Ilmu
Ilmu
Portal : Lingkungan
Lingkungan
Portal : Masyarakat
Masyarakat
Portal : Matematika
Matematika
Portal : Militer
Militer
Portal : Mitologi
Mitologi
Portal : Musik
Musik
Portal : Olahraga
Olahraga
Portal : Pendidikan
Pendidikan
Portal : Politik
Politik
Portal : Sastra
Sastra
Portal : Sejarah
Sejarah
Portal : Seni
Seni
Portal : Teknologi
Teknologi
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya