2024 Presidential Tour of Turkey

2024 Presidential Tour of Turkey
2024 UCI ProSeries
Race details
Dates	21–28 April 2024
Stages	8
Distance	1,179.4 km (732.8 mi)
Winning time	25h 53' 09"
Results
	Winner
	Second
	Third
	Points
	Mountains
	Sprints
	Team
	← 2023 2025 →

The 2024 Presidential Tour of Turkey is a road cycling stage race that is being held between 21 and 28 April 2024 in Turkey. It is the 61th edition of the Presidential Tour of Turkey.

Teams

Four UCI WorldTeams, nine UCI ProTeams, and twelve UCI Continental teams made up the 25 teams that participate in the race.^[1]

UCI WorldTeams

UCI ProTeams

UCI Continental Teams

Route

Stage characteristics and winners^[2]
Stage	Date	Course	Distance		Stage winner
1	21 April	Antalya to Antalya	134.7 km (83.7 mi)	Flat stage	Fabio Jakobsen (NED)
2	22 April	Kemer to Kaş	190.6 km (118.4 mi)	Medium-mountain stage	Max Kanter (GER)
3	23 April	Fethiye to Marmaris	147.4 km (91.6 mi)	Hilly stage	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)
4	24 April	Marmaris to Bodrum	137.9 km (85.7 mi)	Medium-mountain stage	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)
5	25 April	Bodrum to Kuşadası	177.9 km (110.5 mi)	Hilly stage	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)
6	26 April	Kuşadası to Manisa	160.1 km (99.5 mi)	Mountain stage	Frank van den Broek (NED)
7	27 April	İzmir to İzmir	125.4 km (77.9 mi)	Hilly stage	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)
8	28 April	Istanbul to Istanbul	105.4 km (65.5 mi)	Medium-mountain stage	Stage neutralized
Total			1,179.4 km (732.8 mi)

Stages

Stage 1

21 April 2024 — Antalya to Antalya, 134.7 km (83.7 mi)

Stage 1 Result^[3]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Fabio Jakobsen (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	2h 56' 14"
2	Sasha Weemaes (BEL)	Bingoal WB	+ 0"
3	Simon Dehairs (BEL)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 0"
4	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 0"
5	Léo Bouvier (FRA)	Bike Aid	+ 0"
6	Daniel Babor (CZE)	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	+ 0"
7	Jensen Plowright (AUS)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 0"
8	Davide Persico (ITA)	Bingoal WB	+ 0"
9	Reinardt Janse van Rensburg (RSA)	China Glory–Mentech Continental Cycling Team	+ 0"
10	Timothy Dupont (BEL)	Tarteletto–Isorex	+ 0"

General classification after Stage 1^[3]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Fabio Jakobsen (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	2h 56' 04"
2	Sasha Weemaes (BEL)	Bingoal WB	+ 4"
3	Simon Dehairs (BEL)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 6"
4	Tomasz Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 8"
5	Filippo Ridolfo (ITA)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 9"
6	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 10"
7	Léo Bouvier (FRA)	Bike Aid	+ 10"
8	Daniel Babor (CZE)	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	+ 10"
9	Jensen Plowright (AUS)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 10"
10	Davide Persico (ITA)	Bingoal WB	+ 10"

Stage 2

22 April 2024 — Kemer to Kaş, 190.6 km (118.4 mi)

Stage 2 Result^[4]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Max Kanter (GER)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	4h 43' 16"
2	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 0"
3	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	+ 0"
4	Davide Ballerini (ITA)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 0"
5	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 0"
6	David González (ESP)	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	+ 0"
7	Lyu Xianjing (CHN)	China Glory–Mentech Continental Cycling Team	+ 0"
8	Danny van Poppel (NED)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 0"
9	Rory Townsend (IRL)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 0"
10	Marcin Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 0"

General classification after Stage 2^[4]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	7h 39' 24"
2	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	+ 2"
3	David Lozano (ESP)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 3"
4	Tomasz Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 4"
5	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 6"
6	Davide Ballerini (ITA)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 6"
7	Rory Townsend (IRL)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 6"
8	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 6"
9	Matyáš Kopecký (CZE)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 6"
10	Kenneth Van Rooy (BEL)	Bingoal WB	+ 6"

Stage 3

23 April 2024 — Fethiye to Marmaris, 147.4 km (91.6 mi)

Stage 3 Result^[5]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	3h 24' 57"
2	Enrico Zanoncello (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 0"
3	Max Kanter (GER)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 0"
4	Matyáš Kopecký (CZE)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 0"
5	Iúri Leitão (POR)	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	+ 0"
6	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 0"
7	Sebastián Mora (ESP)	Burgos BH	+ 0"
8	Kenneth Van Rooy (BEL)	Bingoal WB	+ 0"
9	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 0"
10	Rory Townsend (IRL)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 0"

General classification after Stage 3^[5]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	11h 04' 17"
2	Enrico Zanoncello (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 4"
3	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 4"
4	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	+ 6"
5	Filippo Conca (ITA)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 7"
6	David Lozano (ESP)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 7"
7	Tomasz Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 8"
8	Willie Smit (RSA)	China Glory–Mentech Continental Cycling Team	+ 9"
9	Rory Townsend (IRL)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 10"
10	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 10"

Stage 4

24 April 2024 — Marmaris to Bodrum, 137.9 km (85.7 mi)

Stage 4 Result^[6]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	3h 29' 42"
2	Danny van Poppel (NED)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 0"
3	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 0"
4	Sebastian Nielsen (DEN)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 0"
5	Matyáš Kopecký (CZE)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 0"
6	Max Kanter (GER)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 0"
7	Thomas Joseph (BEL)	Tarteletto–Isorex	+ 0"
8	Lander Loockx (BEL)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 0"
9	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 0"
10	Marco Tizza (ITA)	Bingoal WB	+ 0"

General classification after Stage 4^[6]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	14h 33' 55"
2	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 4"
3	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 4"
4	Danny van Poppel (NED)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 8"
5	Filippo Conca (ITA)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 11"
6	David Lozano (ESP)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 11"
7	Tomasz Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 12"
8	Willie Smit (RSA)	China Glory–Mentech Continental Cycling Team	+ 13"
9	Manuele Tarozzi (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 13"
10	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 14"

Stage 5

25 April 2024 — Bodrum to Kuşadası, 177.9 km (110.5 mi)

Stage 5 Result^[7]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	4h 18' 12"
2	Fabio Jakobsen (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	+ 0"
3	Iúri Leitão (POR)	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	+ 0"
4	Martijn Budding (NED)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 0"
5	Jensen Plowright (AUS)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 0"
6	Reinardt Janse van Rensburg (RSA)	China Glory–Mentech Continental Cycling Team	+ 0"
7	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 4"
8	Danny van Poppel (NED)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 0"
9	Andrea Peron (ITA)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 0"
10	Rory Townsend (IRL)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 0"

General classification after Stage 5^[7]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	18h 51' 57"
2	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	+ 14"
3	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	+ 14"
4	Danny van Poppel (NED)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 18"
5	Filippo Conca (ITA)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 21"
6	David Lozano (ESP)	Team Novo Nordisk	+ 21"
7	Tomasz Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 22"
8	Willie Smit (RSA)	China Glory–Mentech Continental Cycling Team	+ 23"
9	Manuele Tarozzi (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 23"
10	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 24"

Stage 6

26 April 2024 — Kuşadası to Manisa, 160.1 km (99.5 mi)

Stage 6 Result^[8]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Frank van den Broek (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	4h 10' 00"
2	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 0"
3	Paul Double (GBR)	Polti–Kometa	+ 3"
4	Metkel Eyob (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 14"
5	Harold Martín López (ECU)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 14"
6	Mario Aparicio (ESP)	Burgos BH	+ 16"
7	Lander Loockx (BEL)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 16"
8	Carl Fredrik Hagen (NOR)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 16"
9	Alexander Hajek (AUT)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 16"
10	Vadim Pronskiy (KAZ)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 34"

General classification after Stage 6^[8]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Frank van den Broek (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	23h 02' 11"
2	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 4"
3	Paul Double (GBR)	Polti–Kometa	+ 9"
4	Metkel Eyob (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 24"
5	Harold Martín López (ECU)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 24"
6	Lander Loockx (BEL)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 26"
7	Alexander Hajek (AUT)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 26"
8	Mario Aparicio (ESP)	Burgos BH	+ 26"
9	Carl Fredrik Hagen (NOR)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 26"
10	Victor Langellotti (MON)	Burgos BH	+ 44"

Stage 7

27 April 2024 — İzmir to İzmir, 125.4 km (77.9 mi)

Stage 7 Result^[9]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	2h 50' 58"
2	Timothy Dupont (BEL)	Tarteletto–Isorex	+ 0"
3	Manuel Peñalver (ESP)	Polti–Kometa	+ 0"
4	Sasha Weemaes (BEL)	Bingoal WB	+ 0"
5	Sergey Rostovtsev	Sakarya BB Pro Team	+ 0"
6	Fabio Jakobsen (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	+ 0"
7	Enrico Zanoncello (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 0"
8	Marcin Budziński (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	+ 0"
9	Mattia Pinazzi (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 0"
10	Sebastian Nielsen (DEN)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 0"

General classification after Stage 7^[9]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Frank van den Broek (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	25h 53' 09"
2	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 4"
3	Paul Double (GBR)	Polti–Kometa	+ 9"
4	Metkel Eyob (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 24"
5	Harold Martín López (ECU)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 24"
6	Lander Loockx (BEL)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 26"
7	Alexander Hajek (AUT)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 26"
8	Mario Aparicio (ESP)	Burgos BH	+ 26"
9	Carl Fredrik Hagen (NOR)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 26"
10	Victor Langellotti (MON)	Burgos BH	+ 44"

Stage 8

28 April 2024 — Istanbul to Istanbul, 105.4 km (65.5 mi)

Stage 8 was neutralized due to bad weather.^[10]

Classification leadership table

Classification leadership by stage
Stage	Winner	General classification	Points classification	Mountains classification	Turkish Beauties Sprints classification	Team classification
1	Fabio Jakobsen	Fabio Jakobsen	Fabio Jakobsen	Michał Pomorski	Vinzent Dorn	Alpecin–Deceuninck
2	Max Kanter	Henri Uhlig	Giovanni Lonardi	Samet Bulut		Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team
3	Giovanni Lonardi	Giovanni Lonardi		Samet Bulut		VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè
4	Tobias Lund Andresen	Tobias Lund Andresen		Vinzent Dorn		Astana Qazaqstan Team
5	Tobias Lund Andresen	Tobias Lund Andresen				Astana Qazaqstan Team
6	Frank van den Broek	Frank van den Broek				Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team
7	Tobias Lund Andresen		Tobias Lund Andresen
8	Stage neutralized		Tobias Lund Andresen
Final		Frank van den Broek	Tobias Lund Andresen	Vinzent Dorn	Vinzent Dorn	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team

Classification standings

Legend
	Denotes the winner of the general classification		Denotes the winner of the mountains classification
	Denotes the winner of the points classification		Denotes the winner of the Turkish Beauties Sprints classification

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)^[10]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Frank van den Broek (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	25h 53' 09"
2	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 4"
3	Paul Double (GBR)	Polti–Kometa	+ 9"
4	Metkel Eyob (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 24"
5	Harold Martín López (ECU)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 24"
6	Lander Loockx (BEL)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 26"
7	Alexander Hajek (AUT)	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 26"
8	Mario Aparicio (ESP)	Burgos BH	+ 26"
9	Carl Fredrik Hagen (NOR)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	+ 26"
10	Victor Langellotti (MON)	Burgos BH	+ 44"

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)^[10]
Rank	Rider	Team	Points
1	Tobias Lund Andresen (DEN)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	58
2	Giovanni Lonardi (ITA)	Polti–Kometa	48
3	Fabio Jakobsen (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	44
4	Max Kanter (GER)	Astana Qazaqstan Team	38
5	Henri Uhlig (GER)	Alpecin–Deceuninck	37
6	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	35
7	Iúri Leitão (POR)	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	29
8	Timothy Dupont (BEL)	Tarteletto–Isorex	28
9	Enrico Zanoncello (ITA)	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	26
10	Sasha Weemaes (BEL)	Bingoal WB	26

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)^[10]
Rank	Rider	Team	Points
1	Vinzent Dorn (GER)	Bike Aid	15
2	Frank van den Broek (NED)	Team dsm–firmenich PostNL	8
3	Samet Bulut (TUR)	Istanbul Büyükșehir Belediye Spor Türkiye	7
4	Oliver Mattheis (GER)	Bike Aid	6
5	James Whelan (AUS)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	6
6	Michał Pomorski (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	6
7	Merhawi Kudus (ERI)	Terengganu Cycling Team	6
8	Petros Mengs (ERI)	Istanbul Büyükșehir Belediye Spor Türkiye	5
9	Paul Double (GBR)	Polti–Kometa	4
10	Lander Loockx (BEL)	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	3

Turkish Beauties Sprints classification

Final Turkish Beauties Sprints classification (1–10)^[10]
Rank	Rider	Team	Points
1	Vinzent Dorn (GER)	Bike Aid	16
2	Konrad Czabok (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	10
3	James Whelan (AUS)	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	6
4	Natnael Berhane (ERI)	Istanbul Büyükșehir Belediye Spor Türkiye	5
5	Feritcan Şamlı (TUR)	Spor Toto Cycling Team	5
6	Antoine Berlin (MON)	Bike Aid	3
7	Petros Mengs (ERI)	Istanbul Büyükșehir Belediye Spor Türkiye	3
8	Paul Wright (NZL)	Rembe Pro Cycling Team Sauerland	3
9	Michał Pomorski (POL)	Mazowsze Serce Polski	3
10	Jonathan Malte Rottmann (GER)	Rembe Pro Cycling Team Sauerland	3

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)^[10]
Rank	Team	Time
1	Q36.5 Pro Cycling Team	77h 41' 49"
2	Terengganu Cycling Team	+ 9"
3	VF Group–Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè	+ 26"
4	Astana Qazaqstan Team	+ 29"
5	Burgos BH	+ 33"
6	Bingoal WB	+ 3' 38"
7	Bike Aid	+ 4' 25"
8	Bora–Hansgrohe	+ 9' 54"
9	TDT–Unibet Cycling Team	+ 10' 00"
10	Caja Rural–Seguros RGA	+ 10' 11"

References

^ "Startlist for Presidential Cycling Tour of Türkiye 2024". www.procyclingstats.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ "Stages". tourofturkiye.org.tr. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Stuart, Peter (21 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Fabio Jakobsen takes first win of 2024 on stage 1". CyclingNews. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Farrand, Stephen (22 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Max Kanter scores first pro win in stage 2 sprint finish". CyclingNews. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Ostanek, Dani (23 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Lonardi wins chaotic stage 3 sprint, Van Poppel relegated from first". CyclingNews. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Farrand, Stephen (24 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Tobias Lund Andresen wins stage 4 sprint, moves into race lead". CyclingNews. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Moultrie, James (25 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Tobias Lund Andresen wins stage 5 to retain overall lead". CyclingNews. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Farrand, Stephen (26 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Frank van den Broek takes Queen stage and overall lead". CyclingNews. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b Ostanek, Dani (27 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Andresen scores third win in stage 7 sprint finish". CyclingNews. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ostanek, Dani (28 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Van den Broek secures overall win as final stage is neutralised". CyclingNews. Retrieved 28 April 2024.

External links

[1] "Startlist for Presidential Cycling Tour of Türkiye 2024". www.procyclingstats.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[route-2] "Stages". tourofturkiye.org.tr. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[CN-1-3] Stuart, Peter (21 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Fabio Jakobsen takes first win of 2024 on stage 1". CyclingNews. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

[CN-2-4] Farrand, Stephen (22 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Max Kanter scores first pro win in stage 2 sprint finish". CyclingNews. Retrieved 22 April 2024.

[CN-3-5] Ostanek, Dani (23 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Lonardi wins chaotic stage 3 sprint, Van Poppel relegated from first". CyclingNews. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

[CN-4-6] Farrand, Stephen (24 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Tobias Lund Andresen wins stage 4 sprint, moves into race lead". CyclingNews. Retrieved 24 April 2024.

[CN-5-7] Moultrie, James (25 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Tobias Lund Andresen wins stage 5 to retain overall lead". CyclingNews. Retrieved 25 April 2024.

[CN-6-8] Farrand, Stephen (26 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Frank van den Broek takes Queen stage and overall lead". CyclingNews. Retrieved 26 April 2024.

[CN-7-9] Ostanek, Dani (27 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Andresen scores third win in stage 7 sprint finish". CyclingNews. Retrieved 27 April 2024.

[CN-8-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ostanek, Dani (28 April 2024). "Tour of Turkey: Van den Broek secures overall win as final stage is neutralised". CyclingNews. Retrieved 28 April 2024.

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