Administrative divisions of the Maldives

The Administrative Divisions of the Maldives refers to the various units of government that provide local government services in the Maldives. According to the Decentralization Act 2010, the administrative divisions of the Maldives would consist of atolls, islands, and cities; each administered by their own local council, under the basic terms of home rule. Geographically, the Maldives are formed by a number of natural atolls plus a few islands and isolated reefs which form a pattern from North to South. Administratively, there are currently 189 islands, 18 atolls and 4 cities in the Maldives.

Background

During the Gayyoom presidency

During the presidency of Maumoon Abdul Gayyoom, the administrative divisions consisted of 20 administrative atolls, all controlled by the central government in Malé.

During the Nasheed presidency

Seven Provinces

In 2008, in an attempt of decentralization, the Nasheed government divided the country into seven provinces. According to this system, the bill submitted by the government to decentralize the country was passed with the support of opposition-majority parliament, with their amendments to the bill. The final bill passed in 2010 by the parliament and ratified by the president saw the country's decentralisation as 21 constituencies.

The seven provinces were the following, followed by the atolls grouped within:

Upper North Province (consisting of Haa Alif, Haa Dhaalu and Shaviyani Atolls; capital: Kulhudhuffushi)
North Province (consisting of Baa, Lhaviyani, Noonu and Raa Atolls; capital: Velidhoo)
North Central Province (consisting of Alif Alif, Alif Dhaal, Kaafu and Vaavu Atolls, and Malé City; capital: Thulusdhoo)
Central Province (consisting of Dhaalu, Faafu and Meemu Atolls; capital: Kudahuvadhoo)
Upper South Province (consisting of Thaa and Laamu Atolls; capital: Gan)
South Central Province (consisting of Gaafu Alif and Gaafu Dhaalu Atolls; capital: Thinadhoo)
South Province (consisting of Gnaviyani Atoll and Addu City; capital: Hithadhoo)

The seven provinces closely correspond to the historic divisions of Uthuru Boduthiladhunmathi. Dhekunu Boduthiladhunmathi, Uthuru Medhu-Raajje, Medhu-Raajje, Dhekunu Medhu-Raajje, Huvadhu (Suvadive, Suvaidu or Suvadiva)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] and Addumulah.

Decentralization

On 15 October 2010, the government released a finalized list of the administrative constituencies established under the Decentralization Act. It listed 189 administrative constituencies. Out of these constituencies:

4 constituencies were declared "cities", as according to the criteria for determining cities in this act. These constituencies were Male', Fuvahmulah, Kulhudhuffushi and Seenu Atoll. After a referendum among the people, Seenu Atoll was renamed "Addu City". Each city would be served by a city council.
189 constituencies were declared "islands", as according to the criteria for determining islands in this act. These islands are grouped together into 17 atolls. Each atoll shall be served by an atoll council (which will be located on the capital island of the respective atoll), under which each island has its own island council.

Therefore, the final organization of the administrative divisions are as below:

17 atolls
4 cities
189 islands

National Offices

Although the earlier provincial decentralization was rejected by Parliament, President Nasheed reinstated the concept through "National Administrations". The National Administrations of Maldives were in the same divisions as the earlier provinces, and the previous province offices were reinstated as the office of that National Administration, to which the atoll councils reported to accordingly. The National Administrations acted as an extension of the central government in Male' for the convenience of dealing with regional affairs. The National Administrations operated under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The seven National Administrations were:-

Upper North National Administration
North National Administration
North Central National Administration
Central National Administration
South Central National Administration
Upper South National Administration
South National Administration

Each administration was headed by a state minister assigned by the president.

All 7 National Offices were abolished by the Waheed administration on 24 April 2012.^[5]

Local Council Election 2011

On 5 February 2011, the country's first ever Local council elections were held to elect 188 island councils, 19 atoll councils and 2 city councils. The island of Felivaru, in Lhaviyani Atoll did not participate in the election, since being a newly declared inhabited island, did not have any person registered as a citizen of the island. As of May 2013^[update], the island council election for Felivaru has yet to take place.

Divisions

The first-level divisions are cities and atolls.

City

A city is an inhabited area with a population of 10,000+. The criteria also includes a certain level of economic development and facilities available. A city has a "city council" which governs over the affairs of the city, and keeps communication with the central government. A city will not be included within an administrative atoll. A city has further subdivisions called "wards" or "districts". A city council will also govern over any uninhabited islands or resort islands within its designated area. There are four cities in Maldives. They are Male', Addu, Fuvahmulah and Kulhudhuffushi.

Atoll

The administrative definition of an "atoll" differs from the actual meaning of the word 'atoll'. While naturally, an "atoll" refers to a ring of islands, an "atoll" in the administrative sense, refers to a group of "island" class constituencies, not necessarily within the requirements of a natural atoll. While the majority of administrative atolls are indeed natural atolls, there are exceptions. Each administrative atoll has an "atoll council" which monitors the work of the "island councils" in the atoll, and keep communications with the central government. An atoll council also governs all uninhabited islands and resort islands in their area. There are 18 atolls in Maldives.

Island

The administrative definition of an "island" differs from the actual meaning of the word 'island'. While naturally, an "island" refers to a land-mass surrounded by water, an "island" in the administrative sense, refers to a specified inhabited area within an administrative atoll, which is governed over by an "island council". While the majority of "island" class constituencies are indeed natural islands. There are 189 such islands, each with its own island council. (Except for Felivaru, Lhaviyani Atoll)

Codes and Names of the Administrative Divisions

Every first-level administrative division of the Maldives have the following:

An official name, for example Thiladhunmathi Uthuruburi (meaning Thiladhunmathi North).
This corresponds to the geographical Maldivian name of the Atoll.
A Maldivian code letter, for example: Haa Alifu. When there are two letters, the second stands either for "North" (Alifu) or for "South" (Dhaalu). Alifu means Uthuruburi, and Dhaalu means Dhekunuburi.
This code was adopted for convenience. It began in order to facilitate radio communication between the atolls and the central administration. As there are certain islands in different atolls that have the same name, for administrative purposes this code is quoted before the name of the island: for example, Baa Funadhoo, Kaafu Funadhoo, Gaafu-Alifu Funadhoo. This code denomination has been very much misused by foreigners and tourists who do not understand the proper use of these names, and the true Maldivian names have often been ignored in publications for tourists. Maldivians may use the letter code name in colloquial conversation, but in serious geographic, historical or cultural writings, the true geographical name always takes precedence.

A Latin code letter, for example: (A).
The Latin code letter is normally used in boat registration plates. The letter stands for the atoll and the number for the island.

Each atoll has a capital island. All islands of every atoll have their own official name. All cities have an official name, and names for their subdivisions. They also have a Latin code letter assigned to them.

Traditionally, Maldivians call the atolls ending in '-madulu' or '-mathi' by their name without adding the word 'Atoll' at the end. For example, it is correct to write simply Kolhumadulu, without adding the word 'Atholhu' or 'Atoll'. This is also the case in the atoll known as Faadhippolhu as well as the small detached atoll of Fuvahmulah.

First-level administrative Divisions of Maldives

Atolls

ISO 3166-2:MV	Latin Letter	Code Abbr.	Local letter	Code Name	Official Name	Capital	Population (2022 census)^[6]
MV-07	A	HA	ހއ	Haa Alif	Thiladhunmathi Uthuruburi	Didhdhoo	14,623
MV-24	C	Sh	ށ	Shaviyani	Miladhunmadulu Uthuruburi	Funadhoo	13,698
MV-25	D	N	ނ	Noonu	Miladhunmadulu Dhekunuburi	Manadhoo	12,503
MV-13	E	R	ރ	Raa	Maalhosmadulu Uthuruburi	U'ngoofaaru	17,581
MV-20	F	B	ބ	Baa	Maalhosmadulu Dhekunuburi	Eydhafushi	10,631
MV-03	G	Lh	ޅ	Lhaviyani	Faadhippolhu	Naifaru	8,992
MV-26	H	K	ކ	Kaafu	Malé Atholhu	Thulusdhoo	17,749
MV-02	U	AA	އއ	Alif Alif	Ari Atholhu Uthuruburi	Rasdhoo	8,017
MV-00	I	ADh	އދ	Alif Dhaal	Ari Atholhu Dhekunuburi	Mahibadhoo	10,540
MV-04	J	V	ވ	Vaavu	Felidhu Atholhu	Felidhoo	1,995
MV-12	K	M	މ	Meemu	Mulak Atholhu	Muli	5,490
MV-14	L	F	ފ	Faafu	Nilandhe Atholhu Uthuruburi	Nilandhoo	4,869
MV-17	M	Dh	ދ	Dhaalu	Nilandhe Atholhu Dhekunuburi	Kudahuvadhoo	6,637
MV-08	N	Th	ތ	Thaa	Kolhumadulu	Veymandoo	10,260
MV-05	O	L	ލ	Laamu	Haddhunmathi	Fonadhoo	14,699
MV-27	P	GA	ގއ	Gaafu Alif	Huvadhu Atholhu Uthuruburi	Villingili	9,190
MV-28	Q	GDh	ގދ	Gaafu Dhaalu	Huvadhu Atholhu Dhekunuburi	Thinadhoo	12,758

Cities

ISO 3166-2:MV	Latin Letter	Code Abbr.	Local letter	Code Name	Official Name	Capital	Population (2022 census)^[7]
MV-MLE	T	-	-	Malé	Malé City	Malé	211,908
MV-29	R	Gn	ޏ	Gnaviyani	Fuvahmulah City	Fuvahmulah	9,177
MV-01	S	S	ސ	Seenu/Addu	Addu City	Hithadhoo	25,062
MV-23	B	HDh	ހދ	Haa Dhaalu	Kulhudhuffushi City	Kulhudhuffushi	10,131

References

^ "Thaajudheen Chronicles". Thaajudheen Chronicles.
^ Romero-Frias, Xavier. "Symbols of the Suvadive State" (PDF). Symbols of the Suvadive State.
^ Hecker, Hellmuth (27 July 2021). "Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America". "DIE REPUBLIK IM INDISCHEN OZEAN: Verfassungsentwicklung und Rechtsstellung der Malediven." Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America. 2 (4): 425–435. JSTOR 43107982 – via JSTOR. Suvadiva (oder Huwadu) und Addu sind die beiden südlichsten Atolle der Malediven
^ Hecker, Hellmuth (1969). "Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America". DIE REPUBLIK IM INDISCHEN OZEAN: Verfassungsentwicklung und Rechtsstellung der Malediven. 2 (4): 425–435. JSTOR 43107982. Suvadiva (oder Huwadu)
^ "President abolishes National Offices and National Office Units". Haveeru Daily. 24 April 2012. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
^ "Table P2: Resident population by place of enumeration and administrative division and intercensal growth rate, 2022 & 2014" (PDF). 2022 Maldives Census. Maldives Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
^ "Table P5: Resident Population by island and sex, 2022" (PDF). 2022 Maldives Census. Maldives Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 5 September 2024.

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Hasan A. Maniku. The Islands of Maldives. Novelty. Male 1983.
Hasan A. Maniku. Changes in the Topography of the Maldives. Novelty. Male 1990.
Inaaz A. Wahhab. The katheeb of the island. Kaamaraa. Male 1970.