BP Tauri

BP Tauri
	; A light curve for BP Tauri, plotted from TESS data
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	04h 19m 15.8343s
Declination	+29° 06′ 26.9295″
Apparent magnitude (V)	12.12
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	pre-main-sequence star
Spectral type	K5
Apparent magnitude (G)	11.460
Variable type	T Tau
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	15.76±0.13 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 8.889 mas/yr ; Dec.: -26.011 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	7.8494 ± 0.0362 mas
Distance	416 ± 2 ly ; (127.4 ± 0.6 pc)
Details
Mass	1.24+0.25; −0.32 M☉
Radius	2.0 R☉
Luminosity	0.93 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.32±0.14 cgs
Temperature	3640+94; −92 K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	11.4+0.25; −0.55 km/s
Age	6±4 Myr
Other designations
	Gaia DR2 164832740220756608, HD 281934, HIP 20160, TYC 1827-554-1, GSC 01827-00554, 2MASS J04191583+2906269
Database references
SIMBAD	data

BP Tauri is a young T Tauri star in the constellation of Taurus about 416 light years away, belonging to the Taurus Molecular Cloud.

Properties

BP Tauri is still accreting mass at the low rate of 9×10⁻¹⁰ M_☉ and 1.6×10⁻⁷ M_☉/year,^[7] as evidenced by X-rays produced by infalling matter,^[8] and may be still in the process of spin-up.^[9] Its chromospheric magnetic fields are rather strong at 2.5^+0.15
_−0.16 kilogauss,^[6] and contains strong non-dipole components.^[10] The star is producing 40% of its luminosity via the energy released by accretion.^[5]

Suspected companions

There were two suspected stellar companions to BP Tauri on projected separations 3.00 and 5.45 arcseconds.^[11] These were proven to be a background stars not related to BP Tauri with Gaia data though.^[12]^[13]

Protoplanetary system

The star is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk. The disk is strongly depleted in carbon and carbon monoxide.^[14]

The planetary system
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
protoplanetary disk	0–120^[15] AU				30^[14]°	—

Variability

BP Tauri varies in brightness, producing a strong flares due to unsteady accretion^[5] held by stellar magnetic field. The lightcurve period is variable from 6.1 to 7.6 days, and quiescent periods without variability are also known.^[16]

References

^ "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b "V* BP Tau". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b Simon, M.; Dutrey, A.; Guilloteau, S. (2000), "Dynamical Masses of T Tauri Stars and Calibration of Pre–Main-Sequence Evolution", The Astrophysical Journal, 545 (2): 1034–1043, arXiv:astro-ph/0008370, Bibcode:2000ApJ...545.1034S, doi:10.1086/317838, S2CID 18064837
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Errico, L.; Lamzin, S. A.; Vittone, A. A. (2001), "UV spectra of T Tauri stars from the HST and IUE satellites: BP Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 377 (2): 557–565, Bibcode:2001A&A...377..557E, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011108
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Flores, C.; Connelley, M. S.; Reipurth, B.; Boogert, A. (2019), "Measuring the Magnetic Field of Young Stars Using iSHELL Observations: BP Tau and V347 Aur", The Astrophysical Journal, 882 (2): 75, arXiv:1908.08583, Bibcode:2019ApJ...882...75F, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab35d4, S2CID 201645503
^ Long, M.; Romanova, M. M.; Kulkarni, A. K.; Donati, J.-F. (2010), "Global 3D simulations of disc accretion on to the classical T Tauri star BP Tauri", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 413 (2): 1061–1071, arXiv:1009.3300, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18193.x, S2CID 55134816
^ Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Robrade, J.; Ness, J.-U.; Favata, F.; Stelzer, B. (2005), "X-rays from accretion shocks in T Tauri stars: The case of BP Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 432 (2): L35 – L38, arXiv:astro-ph/0503144, Bibcode:2005A&A...432L..35S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500014, S2CID 2457531
^ Ireland, Lewis G.; Zanni, Claudio; Matt, Sean P.; Pantolmos, George (2020), "Magnetic Braking of Accreting T Tauri Stars: Effects of Mass Accretion Rate, Rotation, and Dipolar Field Strength", The Astrophysical Journal, 906: 4, arXiv:2011.01087, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abc828, S2CID 226236865
^ Long, Min; Romanova, Marina M.; Lamb, Frederick K. (2009), "Accretion onto stars with octupole magnetic fields: Matter flow, hot spots and phase shifts", New Astronomy, 17 (2): 232–245, arXiv:0911.5455, Bibcode:2012NewA...17..232L, doi:10.1016/j.newast.2011.08.001, S2CID 119113916
^ Itoh, Yoichi; Tamura, Motohide; Hayashi, Masahiko; Oasa, Yumiko; Hayashi, Saeko S.; Fukagawa, Misato; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Mayama, Satoshi; Ishii, Miki; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Yamashita, Takuya; Morino, Junichi (2008). "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Faint Companions around Young Stellar Objects Associated with the Taurus Molecular Cloud". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 60 (2): 209–218. Bibcode:2008PASJ...60..209I. doi:10.1093/pasj/60.2.209. hdl:20.500.14094/90001427.
^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b Kama, M.; Bruderer, S.; Carney, M.; Hogerheijde, M.; Van Dishoeck, E. F.; Fedele, D.; Baryshev, A.; Boland, W.; Güsten, R.; Aikutalp, A.; Choi, Y.; Endo, A.; Frieswijk, W.; Karska, A.; Klaassen, P.; Koumpia, E.; Kristensen, L.; Leurini, S.; Nagy, Z.; Perez Beaupuits, J. -P.; Risacher, C.; Van Der Marel, N.; Van Kempen, T. A.; Van Weeren, R. J.; Wyrowski, F.; Yıldız, U. A. (2016). "Observations and modelling of CO and [C I] in protoplanetary disks. First detections of [C I] and constraints on the carbon abundance". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 588: 588. arXiv:1601.01449. Bibcode:2016A&A...588A.108K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526791. S2CID 53941444.
^ Dutrey, A.; Guilloteau, S.; Simon, M. (2003). "The BP Tau disk: A missing link between Class II and III objects?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 402 (3): 1003. Bibcode:2003A&A...402.1003D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030317.
^ Simon, Theodore; Vrba, Frederick J.; Herbst, William (1990). "The Ultraviolet and Visible Light Variability of BP Tauri: Possible Clues for the Origin of T Tauri Star Activity". The Astronomical Journal. 100: 1957. Bibcode:1990AJ....100.1957S. doi:10.1086/115651.

[MAST-1] "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2021.

[SIMBAD-2] "V* BP Tau". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.

[EDR3-3] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[Simon2000-4] Simon, M.; Dutrey, A.; Guilloteau, S. (2000), "Dynamical Masses of T Tauri Stars and Calibration of Pre–Main-Sequence Evolution", The Astrophysical Journal, 545 (2): 1034–1043, arXiv:astro-ph/0008370, Bibcode:2000ApJ...545.1034S, doi:10.1086/317838, S2CID 18064837

[Ericco2001-5] Errico, L.; Lamzin, S. A.; Vittone, A. A. (2001), "UV spectra of T Tauri stars from the HST and IUE satellites: BP Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 377 (2): 557–565, Bibcode:2001A&A...377..557E, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011108

[Flores2019-6] Flores, C.; Connelley, M. S.; Reipurth, B.; Boogert, A. (2019), "Measuring the Magnetic Field of Young Stars Using iSHELL Observations: BP Tau and V347 Aur", The Astrophysical Journal, 882 (2): 75, arXiv:1908.08583, Bibcode:2019ApJ...882...75F, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab35d4, S2CID 201645503

[7] Long, M.; Romanova, M. M.; Kulkarni, A. K.; Donati, J.-F. (2010), "Global 3D simulations of disc accretion on to the classical T Tauri star BP Tauri", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 413 (2): 1061–1071, arXiv:1009.3300, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18193.x, S2CID 55134816

[8] Schmitt, J. H. M. M.; Robrade, J.; Ness, J.-U.; Favata, F.; Stelzer, B. (2005), "X-rays from accretion shocks in T Tauri stars: The case of BP Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 432 (2): L35 – L38, arXiv:astro-ph/0503144, Bibcode:2005A&A...432L..35S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500014, S2CID 2457531

[9] Ireland, Lewis G.; Zanni, Claudio; Matt, Sean P.; Pantolmos, George (2020), "Magnetic Braking of Accreting T Tauri Stars: Effects of Mass Accretion Rate, Rotation, and Dipolar Field Strength", The Astrophysical Journal, 906: 4, arXiv:2011.01087, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abc828, S2CID 226236865

[10] Long, Min; Romanova, Marina M.; Lamb, Frederick K. (2009), "Accretion onto stars with octupole magnetic fields: Matter flow, hot spots and phase shifts", New Astronomy, 17 (2): 232–245, arXiv:0911.5455, Bibcode:2012NewA...17..232L, doi:10.1016/j.newast.2011.08.001, S2CID 119113916

[11] Itoh, Yoichi; Tamura, Motohide; Hayashi, Masahiko; Oasa, Yumiko; Hayashi, Saeko S.; Fukagawa, Misato; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Mayama, Satoshi; Ishii, Miki; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Yamashita, Takuya; Morino, Junichi (2008). "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Faint Companions around Young Stellar Objects Associated with the Taurus Molecular Cloud". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 60 (2): 209–218. Bibcode:2008PASJ...60..209I. doi:10.1093/pasj/60.2.209. hdl:20.500.14094/90001427.

[12] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[13] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[Kama2016-14] Kama, M.; Bruderer, S.; Carney, M.; Hogerheijde, M.; Van Dishoeck, E. F.; Fedele, D.; Baryshev, A.; Boland, W.; Güsten, R.; Aikutalp, A.; Choi, Y.; Endo, A.; Frieswijk, W.; Karska, A.; Klaassen, P.; Koumpia, E.; Kristensen, L.; Leurini, S.; Nagy, Z.; Perez Beaupuits, J. -P.; Risacher, C.; Van Der Marel, N.; Van Kempen, T. A.; Van Weeren, R. J.; Wyrowski, F.; Yıldız, U. A. (2016). "Observations and modelling of CO and [C I] in protoplanetary disks. First detections of [C I] and constraints on the carbon abundance". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 588: 588. arXiv:1601.01449. Bibcode:2016A&A...588A.108K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526791. S2CID 53941444.

[15] Dutrey, A.; Guilloteau, S.; Simon, M. (2003). "The BP Tau disk: A missing link between Class II and III objects?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 402 (3): 1003. Bibcode:2003A&A...402.1003D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030317.

[16] Simon, Theodore; Vrba, Frederick J.; Herbst, William (1990). "The Ultraviolet and Visible Light Variability of BP Tauri: Possible Clues for the Origin of T Tauri Star Activity". The Astronomical Journal. 100: 1957. Bibcode:1990AJ....100.1957S. doi:10.1086/115651.

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