K2-25

K2-25
	; K2-25 is the star at the center of this image.
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	04h 13m 05.6131s
Declination	+15° 14′ 52.018″
Apparent magnitude (V)	15.881
Characteristics
Spectral type	M4.5 V
Apparent magnitude (J)	11.303(21)
Apparent magnitude (H)	10.732(20)
Apparent magnitude (K)	10.444(19)
Variable type	Planetary transit
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	38.64(15) km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 122.450(38) mas/yr ; Dec.: −18.603(26) mas/yr
Parallax (π)	22.3572 ± 0.0308 mas
Distance	145.9 ± 0.2 ly ; (44.73 ± 0.06 pc)
Details
Mass	0.2634(77) M☉
Radius	0.2932(93) R☉
Luminosity	0.00816(29) L☉
Temperature	3207(58) K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	0.15(3) dex
Rotation	1.87708(66) d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	7.71(29) km/s
Age	650(70) Myr
Other designations
	vA 50, HAN 87, Gaia DR3 3311804515502788352, EPIC 210490365, 2MASS J04130560+1514520
Database references
SIMBAD	data

K2-25 is a young red dwarf star located in the Hyades cluster. There is a single known Neptune-sized planet in a 3.5 day orbit.

Hyades cluster

Using proper motion measurements in a search for low-luminosity members of the Hyades cluster, William van Altena first identified the star vA 50 (later known as K2-25) as a probable cluster member.^[12] Membership in the Hyades cluster was later confirmed.^[13]^[14]^[4]

Properties

K2-25 is a red dwarf that is only 26% the mass of the Sun and less than 1% of the luminosity.^[6] As a member of the Hyades cluster, it is only 650 million years old as compared to the Sun's 4.5 billion.^[8]

There is clear evidence for starspot activity in both the Kepler data and radial velocities as well as the associated activity indicators.^[15]

Planetary system

The star has one known planet, K2-25b, with searches of the Kepler space telescope data for transits of additional planets being negative.^[4] Analysis of transit-timing variations from the Spitzer Space Telescope as well as the MEarth Project also found no evidence of additional planets.^[16]

Discovery

Brightness measurements of K2-25 taken by the Kepler space telescope during its extended K2 mission led to the discovery of the transiting planet K2-25b.^[4]^[10]

Characteristics

K2-25b is a Hot Neptune type planet in an eccentric 3.48 day orbit.^[15]

Due to its proximity and the activity levels of its host star, K2-25b should be losing some of its atmosphere to space; however, observations of two transits by the Hubble Space Telescope to search for escaping neutral hydrogen were negative.^[17]

The K2-25 planetary system^[15]
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
K2-25b	24.5+5.7 −5.2 $M$ _🜨	0.0287(12)	3.48456408+0.0000006 −0.0000005	0.428+0.050 −0.049	88.16+0.18 −0.21°	3.44(12) $R$ _🜨

Gallery

References

^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ Henden, A. A.; et al. (2016). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/336. Originally Published in: 2015AAS...22533616H. 2336. Bibcode:2016yCat.2336....0H. Vizier catalog entry
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Mann, Andrew W.; et al. (2016). "Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). I. A Neptune-sized Planet Orbiting an M4.5 Dwarf in the Hyades Star Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 818 (1) 46. arXiv:1512.00483. Bibcode:2016ApJ...818...46M. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/46.
^ ^a ^b ^c Skrutskie, M. F.; et al. (2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. Vizier catalog entry
^ ^a ^b Thao, Pa Chia; et al. (2020). "Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). IX. A Flat Transmission Spectrum and a Highly Eccentric Orbit for the Young Neptune K2-25b as Revealed by Spitzer". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (1) 32. arXiv:1911.05744. Bibcode:2020AJ....159...32T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab579b. S2CID 208006920.
^ Mori, Mayuko; et al. (2024-04-05). "Characterization of starspots on a young M-dwarf K2-25: multi-band observations of stellar photometric variability and planetary transits". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 530 (1): 167–189. arXiv:2403.13946. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.530..167M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae841.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gaidos, E.; et al. (2020). "Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time. XI. The Orbit and Radiation Environment of the Young M Dwarf-Hosted Planet K2-25b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 498 (1). arXiv:2007.12701. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.498L.119G. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaa136.
^ Martín, Eduardo L.; et al. (2018). "The Lithium Depletion Boundary and the Age of the Hyades Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 856 (1) 40. arXiv:1802.07155. Bibcode:2018ApJ...856...40M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaaeb8.
^ ^a ^b David, Trevor J.; et al. (2016). "New Pleiades Eclipsing Binaries and a Hyades Transiting System Identified by K2". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5) 112. arXiv:1602.01901. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..112D. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/112.
^ "K2-25". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
^ van Altena, W. F. (1966). "Low-luminosity members of the Hyades cluster". The Astronomical Journal. 71: 482–512. Bibcode:1966AJ.....71..482V. doi:10.1086/109952.
^ Röser, S.; et al. (2011). "A deep all-sky census of the Hyades". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 531: A92. arXiv:1105.6093. Bibcode:2011A&A...531A..92R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116948. Vizier catalog entry
^ Douglas, S. T.; et al. (2014). "The Factory and the Beehive. II. Activity and Rotation in Praesepe and the Hyades". The Astrophysical Journal. 795 (2) 161. arXiv:1409.7603. Bibcode:2014ApJ...795..161D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/161.
^ ^a ^b ^c Stefansson, Gudmundur; et al. (2020-09-30). "The Habitable Zone Planet Finder Reveals a High Mass and Low Obliquity for the Young Neptune K2-25b". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (4) 192. arXiv:2007.12766. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..192S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abb13a.
^ Kain, Isabel J.; et al. (2020-03-01). "The Young Planetary System K2-25: Constraints on Companions and Starspots". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (3) 83. arXiv:1912.05552. Bibcode:2020AJ....159...83K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab655b.
^ Rockcliffe, Keighley E.; et al. (2021-09-01). "A Lyα Transit Left Undetected: the Environment and Atmospheric Behavior of K2-25b". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (3) 116. arXiv:2109.04376. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..116R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac126f.

External links

The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia entry for K2-25b

[Roman1987-1] Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form

[Gaia_DR3-2] Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[APASS_DR9-3] Henden, A. A.; et al. (2016). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/336. Originally Published in: 2015AAS...22533616H. 2336. Bibcode:2016yCat.2336....0H. Vizier catalog entry

[Mann2016-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Mann, Andrew W.; et al. (2016). "Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). I. A Neptune-sized Planet Orbiting an M4.5 Dwarf in the Hyades Star Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 818 (1) 46. arXiv:1512.00483. Bibcode:2016ApJ...818...46M. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/46.

[Skrutskie2006-5] Skrutskie, M. F.; et al. (2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. Vizier catalog entry

[Thao2020-6] Thao, Pa Chia; et al. (2020). "Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time (ZEIT). IX. A Flat Transmission Spectrum and a Highly Eccentric Orbit for the Young Neptune K2-25b as Revealed by Spitzer". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (1) 32. arXiv:1911.05744. Bibcode:2020AJ....159...32T. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab579b. S2CID 208006920.

[Mori2024-7] Mori, Mayuko; et al. (2024-04-05). "Characterization of starspots on a young M-dwarf K2-25: multi-band observations of stellar photometric variability and planetary transits". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 530 (1): 167–189. arXiv:2403.13946. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.530..167M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae841.

[Gaidos2020-8] Gaidos, E.; et al. (2020). "Zodiacal Exoplanets in Time. XI. The Orbit and Radiation Environment of the Young M Dwarf-Hosted Planet K2-25b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 498 (1). arXiv:2007.12701. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.498L.119G. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slaa136.

[Martín2018-9] Martín, Eduardo L.; et al. (2018). "The Lithium Depletion Boundary and the Age of the Hyades Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 856 (1) 40. arXiv:1802.07155. Bibcode:2018ApJ...856...40M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaaeb8.

[David2016-10] David, Trevor J.; et al. (2016). "New Pleiades Eclipsing Binaries and a Hyades Transiting System Identified by K2". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5) 112. arXiv:1602.01901. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..112D. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/112.

[Simbad-11] "K2-25". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-17.

[van_Altena1966-12] van Altena, W. F. (1966). "Low-luminosity members of the Hyades cluster". The Astronomical Journal. 71: 482–512. Bibcode:1966AJ.....71..482V. doi:10.1086/109952.

[Röser2011-13] Röser, S.; et al. (2011). "A deep all-sky census of the Hyades". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 531: A92. arXiv:1105.6093. Bibcode:2011A&A...531A..92R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116948. Vizier catalog entry

[Douglas2014-14] Douglas, S. T.; et al. (2014). "The Factory and the Beehive. II. Activity and Rotation in Praesepe and the Hyades". The Astrophysical Journal. 795 (2) 161. arXiv:1409.7603. Bibcode:2014ApJ...795..161D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/161.

[Stefansson2020-15] Stefansson, Gudmundur; et al. (2020-09-30). "The Habitable Zone Planet Finder Reveals a High Mass and Low Obliquity for the Young Neptune K2-25b". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (4) 192. arXiv:2007.12766. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..192S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abb13a.

[Kain2020-16] Kain, Isabel J.; et al. (2020-03-01). "The Young Planetary System K2-25: Constraints on Companions and Starspots". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (3) 83. arXiv:1912.05552. Bibcode:2020AJ....159...83K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab655b.

[Rockcliffe2021-17] Rockcliffe, Keighley E.; et al. (2021-09-01). "A Lyα Transit Left Undetected: the Environment and Atmospheric Behavior of K2-25b". The Astronomical Journal. 162 (3) 116. arXiv:2109.04376. Bibcode:2021AJ....162..116R. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac126f.

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