Battle of Chester Station

Action at Chester Station
	Part of the American Civil War
Date	May 10, 1864
Location	Chester; Chesterfield County, Virginia37°21′10.3″N 77°24′44.1″W / 37.352861°N 77.412250°W
Result	Inconclusive
Belligerents
United States (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Benjamin Butler	P. G. T. Beauregard
Strength
3,400	2,000
Casualties and losses
280	249

The Battle of Chester Station was fought on May 10, 1864, between Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The Confederates attacked portions of Benjamin Butler's Union forces.

Background

The Action at Chester Station was a relatively minor battle of the Bermuda Hundred Campaign and ended indecisively. It started as a Union expedition against the Richmond & Petersburg Railroad. The object was to destroy the railroad in order to cut the line of communication. It was met by a reconnaissance-in-force of two Confederate brigades led by Major General Robert Ransom, who attacked south from Drewry's Bluff near the Winfree House. Both sides fought gallantly and fiercely including hand-to-hand.

Battle

When the Federal (Union) troops reached the vicinity of Chester Station they were divided into two wings. The left wing, commanded by Maj. O. S. Sanford of the 7th Connecticut Infantry, moved up the railroad toward Chester Station, where the 6th Connecticut Infantry was engaged in tearing up the track, and remained there for about an hour, when orders came to join the other column on the turnpike below. Here the right wing, commanded by Col. C. J. Dobbs of the 13th Indiana Infantry, had encountered a force of Confederates too large to overcome, and Dobbs sent back for reinforcements. In the meantime he formed line of battle with his own regiment on the left, the 169th New York Infantry on the right, one section of the 1st Connecticut battery in front, supported by a detachment of the 67th Ohio Infantry, and awaited the onset. The Confederates, with infantry, cavalry and artillery, advanced, and when they were within easy range Dobbs gave the command to fire. A tremendous volley from his entire line checked the Confederate advance, and a second threw them into confusion, compelling them to retire for the purpose of reforming their lines. At this juncture Sanford arrived with the left wing and went into position with the 6th Connecticut Infantry on the right of the road and the 7th on the left as supports to the advanced lines. Two companies of the 7th Connecticut Infantry were sent forward to support a battery, and the remainder of the regiment moved up to the top of the hill and opened fire on the Confederate's left, driving them back to the woods. One of the guns of the 4th New Jersey battery was abandoned by the men, and an effort to capture this piece was thwarted by this regiment, Sanford sending Lieut. Barker with Co. K to bring in the gun, which he did in the face of a galling fire. The 7th New Hampshire Infantry came up and went into position just as the Confederates advanced again, having been reinforced, and again they were allowed to come within easy range, when they were greeted with a murderous fire from both artillery and infantry. This settled the contest. After a vain endeavor to rally the shattered ranks the Confederate officers gave up the attempt and sought the cover of the woods. Gen. A. H. Terry, commanding the 1st division, 10th corps, arrived on the field after the action had begun, and during the latter part of the engagement directed the movements of the Union troops.

To add to these difficulties the woods were fired early in the action, and the smoke and flames driving into our lines blinded us and deranged the precision of movements.
— Brig. Gen. Seth Barton C.S.A.

Aftermath

Gen. Terry reported the Union loss as being 280 in killed, wounded and missing, and estimated that of the Confederates as at least twice that number, some 50 prisoners remaining in the hands of the Federals.

The return of casualties in Barton's Brigade showed a total of 249 in killed, wounded and missing, including the loss of a commanding officer of one of his regiments, Lt. Col. Joseph R. Cabell of the 38th Virginia Infantry.

Two Confederate brigades faced an Ohio regiment, which was pushed back despite arrival of reinforcements from Drake's brigade. Confederate successes, while they had superior numbers, including the capture of one cannon (which was recovered by the Union forces), were halted when Hawley's brigade arrived on the field. The growing Union reinforcements started to outnumber them, and they were compelled to retire to Drewry's Bluff, while at the same time the Federals withdrew east to Bermuda Hundred. The result was a draw with neither side having surrendered, been defeated, or gained any ground. The Union forces succeeded in destroying some railroad track, and the Confederate forces succeeded in stopping them from doing any more damage. Maj. Gen. Ransom relieved Brig. Gen. Barton of his command, and Col. Voris was brevetted Brigadier General for meritorious service.

Order of battle

Union Forces

Department of Virginia and North Carolina
MG Benjamin F. Butler

MG Quincy A. Gillimore, commanding X Corps

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
1st Division, X Corps BG Alfred H. Terry	1st Brigade	67th Ohio Infantry: Col Alvin C. Voris 1st Connecticut Battery, Light Artillery: Cpt Alfred P. Rockwell
1st Division, X Corps BG Alfred H. Terry	2nd Brigade Col Joseph R. Hawley	6th Connecticut Infantry: Col Redfield Duryee 7th Connecticut Infantry: Maj Oliver S. Sanford 7th New Hampshire Infantry: Ltc Thomas A. Henderson 11th Maine Infantry
1st Division, XVIII corps	1st Brigade Col Jeremiah C. Drake	13th Indiana Infantry: Col Cyrus J. Dobbs 112th New York Infantry 169th New York Infantry: Col John McConihe 4th New Jersey Battery, Light Artillery: Lt John H. George
	Cavalry	2nd U.S. Colored Cavalry (dismounted): Col George W. Cole

Confederate Forces

Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia
GEN P.G.T. Beauregard

MG Robert Ransom, commanding Department of Richmond

Brigade	Regiments and Others
Barton's Brigade BG Seth M. Barton	9th Virginia Infantry: Col James J. Phillips 14th Virginia Infantry: Col William White 38th Virginia Infantry: Ltc Joseph R. Cabell (k), Cpt George K. Griggs 53rd Virginia Infantry: Col William R. Aylett 57th Virginia Infantry: Col Clement R. Fontaine
Gracie's Brigade ^[4]^[5] BG Archibald Gracie	41st Alabama Infantry 43d Alabama Infantry 59th Alabama Infantry 60th Alabama Infantry

Notes

^ National Park Service battle summary
^ ^a ^b CWSAC Report Update
^ the Union estimate of 6,000 probably included Gracie's brigade
^ not engaged in the fight except for skirmishing around Ware Bottom Church
^ "43RD ALABAMA INFANTRY REGIMENT". Archived from the original on 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2011-04-17.

References

The Union Army: Cyclopedia of battles, Volume 6, Federal Publishing Company, 1908, page 274.
Dwight, Theodore Frelinghuysen, General Butler's Bermuda Campaign, Papers of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, Volume 9, Military Historical Society of Massachusetts, 1912.
Cowles, Calvin Duvall, Report of Col. Cyrus J. Dobbs, Thirteenth Indiana Infantry, of operations May 10. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, United States War Records Office, Series 1 - Volume 36 (Part II), CHAP. XLVIII, page 110, Govt. Print. Off., 1891.
Cowles, Calvin Duvall, Report of Col. Alvin C. Voris, Sixty-seventh Ohio Infantry, of operations May 9-10, 1864. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, United States War Records Office, Series 1 - Volume 51 (Part I), Chapter LXIII, page 1224 Govt. Print. Off., 1891.
Cowles, Calvin Duvall, Report of Brig. Gen. Seth M. Barton, C. S. Army, commanding brigade, of operations May 10. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, United States War Records Office, Series 1 - Volume 36 (Part II), CHAP. XLVIII, page 213, Govt. Print. Off., 1891.
Cowles, Calvin Duvall, Report of Col. George K. Griggs, Thirty-eighth Virginia, Infantry, of operations May 3–27. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, United States War Records Office, Series 1 - Volume 36 (Part II), CHAP. XLVIII, page 235, Govt. Print. Off., 1891.

Attribution

This article contains text from "The Union Army: Cyclopedia of battles", Volume 6, Federal Publishing Company, 1908 a text now in the public domain.