Bayads

Bayad
ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠥᠠ
Total population
	56,573
Regions with significant populations
Mongolia	56,573
Languages
	Oirat
Religion
	Buddhism, Mongolian shamanism, Atheism
Related ethnic groups
	Mongols, especially Oirats

The Bayad (Mongol: Баяд/Bayad, lit. "the Riches") is the third largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia and they are a tribe in Four Oirats. Baya'ud were a prominent clan within the Mongol Empire. Baya'ud can be found in both Mongolic and Turkic peoples. Within Mongols, the clan is spread through Khalkha, Inner Mongolians, Buryats and Oirats.

History

The clan name Baya'ud appears among the Mongols, while the ethnonym Bayid appears in Central Siberia. Only the latter appears to be connected to the modern Bayad people of western Mongolia. A common clan name does not mean common origin, the clan names Bayad and Baya’ud are differentiated. The Bayads appear to be Siberian peoples subjugated by the Dorbet tribe of the Oirats. Like all the Oirat tribes, the Bayads were not a consanguineal unit but a political-ethnographic one, formed of at least 40 different yasu, or patrilineages, of the most diverse origins.^[2]

It is also mentioned that the Bayads are presumably of Siberian Turkic origin, as the Bayad clan name is attested in Siberia from early times.^[3]^[4]

Notable members

Köke Temür - general of the Yuan dynasty
Bulughan Khatun - favorite wife of Ilkhan Abagha
Kököchin - principal wife of Ilkhan Ghazan, who was escorted from Khanbaliq (Beijing) to Persia by Marco Polo
Givaan the Hero of the People's Republic of Mongolia
Jambyn Batmönkh - a Mongolian communist political leader, in 1984 - 1990 head of Mongolia.
Khorloogiin Bayanmönkh - Mongolian best wrestler of the 20th century in Mongolian wrestling and 1975 freestyle wrestling world champion.
Norovyn Altankhuyag - Prime Minister of Mongolia, 2012–2014 Democratic Party (Mongolia)
Mishigiin Sonompil - Member of Parliament

Modern demographics

Today, Bayads are settled in the districts of Khyargas, Malchin, Tes, Züüngovi, Baruunturuun and Naranbulag in the province of Uvs. According to the census taken in 2000, 50,824 Bayads currently live in Mongolia.^[5]

References

^ National Census 2010 Archived 2011-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongolian Empire" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-12. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
^ Sneath, David; Kaplonski, Christopher (2010-01-01). Atwood, C. (2006) 'Titles, Appanages, Marriages and Officials: A Comparison of Political Forms in the Zünghar and Thirteenthcentury Mongol Empires'. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-21635-8.
^ Sneath, David; Kaplonski, Christopher (2010-05-01). The History of Mongolia (3 Vols.). Global Oriental. ISBN 978-90-04-21635-8.
^ "Хойт С.К. Последние данные по локализации и численности ойрат // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Вып. 2. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 136-157. - in Russian" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2010-11-01.

Literature

[hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII-XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220-243.]
[hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215-245.]