Belgium at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Belgium at the
2012 Summer Olympics
Belgium at the; 2012 Summer Olympics
IOC code	BEL
NOC	Belgian Olympic and Interfederal Committee
Website	www.olympic.be (in Dutch and French)
in London
Competitors	119 in 16 sports
Flag bearers	Tia Hellebaut (opening); Lionel Cox (closing)
Medals; Ranked 60th	Gold 0 Silver 1 Bronze 2 Total 3
Summer Olympics appearances (overview)
	1900; 1904; 1908; 1912; 1920; 1924; 1928; 1932; 1936; 1948; 1952; 1956; 1960; 1964; 1968; 1972; 1976; 1980; 1984; 1988; 1992; 1996; 2000; 2004; 2008; 2012; 2016; 2020; 2024;
Other related appearances
	1906 Intercalated Games

Belgium competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The Belgian Olympic Committee sent the nation's largest delegation to the Games since 1976. A total of 119 athletes, 75 men and 44 women, competed in 16 sports. There was only a single competitor in slalom canoeing, BMX cycling, equestrian dressage, rowing, shooting, table tennis, and weightlifting. Field hockey was the only team event in which Belgium was represented at these Olympic games.

The Belgian team featured twins and national track stars Kevin and Jonathan Borlée, and the defending champion Tia Hellebaut in the women's high jump. Hellebaut was also appointed by the Belgian Olympic Committee to carry the nation's flag at the opening ceremony. Table tennis player and multiple-time world champion Jean-Michel Saive became the first Belgian athlete to compete in seven Olympic games. Equestrian show jumper Jos Lansink was also at his seventh Olympic appearance as an individual athlete, having participated as part of the Belgian team since 2004 (three of his appearances were representing the Netherlands).^{[citation needed]}

Belgium, however, failed to win the gold medal for the first time since 2004, leaving with only three medals. Judoka Charline Van Snick and laser sailor Evi Van Acker settled for the bronze medals in their respective sports, while Lionel Cox won the silver in rifle shooting.^{[citation needed]}

Medalists

Medal	Name	Sport	Event	Date
Silver	Lionel Cox	Shooting	Men's 50 m rifle prone	3 August
Bronze	Charline Van Snick	Judo	Women's 48 kg	28 July
Bronze	Evi Van Acker	Sailing	Women's Laser Radial	6 August

Athletics

Belgian athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):^[1]^[2]

Key

Note – Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event
Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round

Men
Track & road events

Athlete	Event	Heat		Semifinal		Final
Athlete	Event	Result	Rank	Result	Rank	Result	Rank
Jonathan Borlée	400 m	44.43 NR	1 Q	44.99	3 q	44.83	6
Kevin Borlée	400 m	45.14	1 Q	44.84	2 Q	44.81	5
Michael Bultheel	400 m hurdles	49.18 PB	6 q	49.10 PB	6	Did not advance
Adrien Deghelt	110 m hurdles	13.52 PB	3 Q	13.42 PB	4	Did not advance
Jonathan Borlée Kevin Borlée Michael Bultheel Nils Duerinck* Antoine Gillet	4 × 400 m relay	3:01.70	4 q	—		3:01.83	6

* Competed in heats only

Combined events – Decathlon

Athlete	Event	100 m	LJ	SP	HJ	400 m	110H	DT	PV	JT	1500 m	Final	Rank
Hans van Alphen	Result	11.05	7.64 PB	15.48	2.05	49.18	14.89	48.28	4.80	61.69	4:22.50	8447	4
Hans van Alphen	Points	850	970	819	850	853	863	835	849	763	795	8447	4

Women
Track & road events

Athlete	Event	Heat		Semifinal		Final
Athlete	Event	Result	Rank	Result	Rank	Result	Rank
Almensch Belete	5000 m	15:10.24	11	—		Did not advance
Eline Berings	100 m hurdles	13.46	2 Q	13.46	7	Did not advance
Elodie Ouedraogo	400 m hurdles	55.89	4 Q	55.20 PB	4	Did not advance
Anne Zagré	100 m hurdles	13.04	4 q	12.94	6	Did not advance

Field events

Athlete	Event	Qualification		Final
Athlete	Event	Distance	Position	Distance	Position
Svetlana Bolshakova	Triple jump	13.84	21	Did not advance
Tia Hellebaut	High jump	1.93	=2 q	1.97	5

Combined events – Heptathlon

Athlete	Event	100H	HJ	SP	200 m	LJ	JT	800 m	Final	Rank
Sara Aerts	Result	12.94 PB	1.65	14.43 PB	DNS	—	—	—	DNF
Sara Aerts	Points	1133	795	823	0	—	—	—	DNF

Badminton

Athlete	Event	Group Stage			Elimination	Quarterfinal	Semifinal	Final / BM
Athlete	Event	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Rank	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Rank
Yuhan Tan	Men's singles	Nguyễn T M (VIE) L 21–17, 10–21, 14–21	Kashyap (IND) L 21–14, 21–12	3	Did not advance
Lianne Tan	Women's singles	Nehwal (IND) L 4–21, 14–21	Jaquet (SUI) W 21–16, 21–16	2	Did not advance

Canoeing

Slalom

Belgium has so far qualified boats for the following events

Athlete	Event	Preliminary						Semifinal		Final
Athlete	Event	Run 1	Rank	Run 2	Rank	Best	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Mathieu Doby	Men's K-1	92.74	12	87.92	3	87.92	4 Q	102.58	11	Did not advance

Sprint

Belgium has so far qualified boats for the following events

Athlete	Event	Heats		Semifinals		Final
Athlete	Event	Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Maxime Richard	Men's K-1 200 m	36.125	5 Q	37.029	7 FB	38.435	13
Olivier Cauwenbergh Laurens Pannecoucke	Men's K-2 200 m	35.297	7 FB	Bye		36.336	12
Olivier Cauwenbergh Laurens Pannecoucke	Men's K-2 1000 m	3:24.304	4 Q	3:15.655	5 FB	3:13.298	10

Qualification Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal)

Cycling

Road

Men

Athlete	Event	Time	Rank
Philippe Gilbert	Road race	5:46.05	19
Philippe Gilbert	Time trial	54:39.98	17
Tom Boonen	Road race	5:46.37	28
Jürgen Roelandts		5:46.05	7
Greg Van Avermaet		5:46.37	92
Stijn Vandenbergh		5:46.51	100

Women

Athlete	Event	Time	Rank
Liesbet De Vocht	Road race	3:35.56	9
Liesbet De Vocht	Time trial	42:08.28	23
Ludivine Henrion	Road race	OTL
Maaike Polspoel	Road race	3:36.01	29

Track

Pursuit

Athlete	Event	Qualification		Semifinals		Final
Athlete	Event	Time	Rank	Opponent Results	Rank	Opponent Results	Rank
Dominique Cornu Kenny De Ketele Gijs Van Hoecke Jonathan Dufrasne	Men's team pursuit	4:04.053	9	Did not advance

Omnium

Athlete	Event	Flying lap		Points race		Elimination race	Individual pursuit		Scratch race	Time trial		Total points	Rank
Athlete	Event	Time	Rank	Points	Rank	Rank	Time	Rank	Rank	Time	Rank	Total points	Rank
Gijs Van Hoecke	Men's omnium	13.633	13	23	9	18	4:29.992	10	15	1:04.748	12	77	15
Jolien D'Hoore	Women's omnium	14.594	10	25	5	6	3:41.495	8	5	36.585	12	45	5

The Belgian Olympic Committee sent Gijs Van Hoecke home from the London Games after pictures appeared in British newspapers of him looking drunk and being carried into a taxi after a night out in the city.^[3]

Mountain biking

Men

Athlete	Event	Time	Rank
Sven Nys	Men's cross-country	Did not finish
Kevin Van Hoovels	Men's cross-country	1:33:01	19

BMX

Athlete	Event	Seeding		Quarterfinal		Semifinal		Final
Athlete	Event	Result	Rank	Points	Rank	Points	Rank	Result	Rank
Arnaud Dubois	Men's BMX	39.772	27	24	6	Did not advance

Equestrian

Dressage

Athlete	Horse	Event	Grand Prix		Grand Prix Special		Grand Prix Freestyle		Overall
Athlete	Horse	Event	Score	Rank	Score	Rank	Technical	Artistic	Score	Rank
Claudia Fassaert	Donnerfee	Individual	71.793	21 Q	70.095	27	Did not advance

Eventing

Qualified places^[4]

Athlete	Horse	Event	Dressage		Cross-country			Jumping						Total
			Dressage		Cross-country			Qualifier			Final			Total
			Penalties	Rank	Penalties	Total	Rank	Penalties	Total	Rank	Penalties	Total	Rank	Penalties	Rank
Carl Bouckaert	Mensa	Individual	53.00	45	Eliminated			Did not advance
Virginie Caulier	Nepal du Sudre		48.30	30	21.20	69.50	36	9.00	78.50	34	Did not advance			78.50	34
Karin Donckers	Gazelle de la Brasserie		40.00	7	11.60	51.60	18	4.00	55.60	18 Q	6.00	61.60	15	61.60	15
Marc Rigouts	Dunkas		50.70	36	56.80	107.50	51	Withdrew			Did not advance
Joris Vanspringel	Lully des Aulnes		51.90	41	12.80	64.70	34	Withdrew			Did not advance
Carl Bouckaert Virginie Caulier Karin Donckers Marc Rigouts Joris Vanspringel	See above	Team	139.00	8	46.80	185.80	8	948.30	1134.10	10	—			1134.10	10

Show jumping

Athlete	Horse	Event	Qualification								Final					Total
			Round 1		Round 2			Round 3			Round A		Round B			Total
			Penalties	Rank	Penalties	Total	Rank	Penalties	Total	Rank	Penalties	Rank	Penalties	Total	Rank	Penalties	Rank
Dirk Demeersman	Bufero van het Panishof	Individual	0	=1 Q	8	8	=31 Q	12	20	=38 R	9	=26	Did not advance			9	=26
Jos Lansink	Valentina van't Heike		0	=1 Q	4	4	=17 Q	4	8	=11 Q	8	=23	Did not advance			8	=23
Philippe Lejeune	Vigo d'Arsouilles		0	=1 Q	8	8	=31 Q	Withdrew			Did not advance
Grégory Wathelet	Cadjanine Z		4	=42 Q	4	8	=31 Q	4	12	=26 Q	12	=29	Did not advance			12	=29
Dirk Demeersman Jos Lansink Philippe Lejeune Grégory Wathelet	See above	Team	—								16	13	Did not advance			16	13

Field hockey

Both the men's team and women's team have qualified and will consist of 16 players each.

Men's tournament

The following is the Belgium roster in the men's field hockey tournament of the 2012 Summer Olympics.^[5]

Head Coach: Colin Batch

Reserves:

Emmanuel Leroy (GK)
Elliot Van Strydonck

Group play

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Netherlands	5	5	0	0	18	7	+11	15	Semi-finals
2	Germany	5	3	1	1	14	11	+3	10	Semi-finals
3	Belgium	5	2	1	2	8	7	+1	7	Fifth place game
4	South Korea	5	2	0	3	9	8	+1	6	Seventh place game
5	New Zealand	5	1	2	2	10	14	−4	5	Ninth place game
6	India	5	0	0	5	6	18	−12	0	Eleventh place game

Source: FIH

30 July 2012
21:15

Germany	2–1	Belgium
Fuchs 13' Zeller 45'	Report	Dekeyser 4'

Umpires:
Colin Hutchinson (IRL)
Marcelo Servetto (ESP)

1 August 2012
10:45

Belgium	1–3	Netherlands
Dekeyser 58'	Report	Van der Weerden 43', 62' De Voogd 70'

Umpires:
Hamish Jamson (NZL)
Gary Simmonds (RSA)

3 August 2012
21:15

Belgium	2–1	South Korea
Boon 37' Charlier 61'	Report	Nam 46'

Umpires:
David Gentles (AUS)
Nigel Iggo (NZL)

5 August 2012
08:30

New Zealand	1–1	Belgium
Wilson 54'	Report	Boon 48'

Umpires:
German Montes de Oca (ARG)
Roel van Eert (NED)

7 August 2012
16:00

India	0–3	Belgium
	Report	Dekeyser 15' Boccard 47' Boon 67'

Umpires:
Kim Hong-lae (KOR)
Nigel Iggo (NZL)

5th/6th place

11 August 2012
11:30

Spain	2–5	Belgium
Alegre 19' Tubau 61'	Report	Dekeyser 3' Boon 21', 32' Van Aubel 24' Briels 52'

Umpires:
Roel van Eert (NED)
Colin Hutchinson (IRL)

Women's tournament

The following is the Belgium roster in the women's field hockey tournament of the 2012 Summer Olympics.^[6]

Head Coach: Pascal Kina

Reserves:

Nadine Khouzam (GK)
Valerie Vermeersch

Group play

Pos	Team v t e	Pld	W	D	L	GF	GA	GD	Pts	Qualification
1	Netherlands	5	5	0	0	12	5	+7	15	Semi-finals
2	Great Britain (H)	5	3	0	2	14	7	+7	9	Semi-finals
3	China	5	2	1	2	6	3	+3	7
4	South Korea	5	2	0	3	9	13	−4	6
5	Japan	5	1	1	3	4	9	−5	4
6	Belgium	5	0	2	3	2	10	−8	2

Source: FIH
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Matches won; 3) Goal difference; 4) Goals for; 5) Head-to-head result.
(H) Hosts

29 July 2012
10:45

Netherlands	3–0	Belgium
Lammers 33', 42' van Maasakker 60'	Report

Umpires:
Claire Adenot (FRA)
Michelle Joubert (RSA)

31 July 2012
13:45

Belgium	0–0	China
	Report

Umpires:
Kelly Hudson (NZL)
Carolina de la Fuente (ARG)

2 August 2012
19:00

Belgium	0–3	Great Britain
	Report	Ball 32' Bartlett 39' Cullen 68'

Umpires:
Amy Hassick (USA)
Irene Presenqui (ARG)

4 August 2012
13:45

Japan	1–1	Belgium
Yamamoto 58'	Report	Boon 34'

Umpires:
Stella Bartlema (NED)
Wendy Stewart (CAN)

6 August 2012
16:00

South Korea	3–1	Belgium
Kim Jong-eun 8', 70' Lee Seon-ok 24'	Report	Coppey 37'

Umpires:
Julie Ashton-Lucy (AUS)
Miao Lin (CHN)

11th/12th place

10 August 2012
08:30

Belgium	2–1	United States
Gerniers 20' Valcke 52'	Report	Selenski 6'

Umpires:
Elena Eskina (RUS)
Irene Presenqui (ARG)

Gymnastics

Artistic

Men

Athlete	Event	Qualification								Final
		Apparatus						Total	Rank	Apparatus						Total	Rank
		F	PH	R	V	PB	HB	Total	Rank	F	PH	R	V	PB	HB	Total	Rank
Jimmy Verbaeys	All-around	14.500	10.866	14.066	15.266	14.533	14.333	83.564	31 Q	13.933	14.033	14.000	15.266	14.833	13.166	85.231	21

Women

Athlete	Event	Qualification						Final
		Apparatus				Total	Rank	Apparatus				Total	Rank
		F	V	UB	BB	Total	Rank	F	V	UB	BB	Total	Rank
Gaëlle Mys	All-around	13.533	13.266	13.733	13.166	53.698	31	Did not advance

Judo

Athlete	Event	Round of 64	Round of 32	Round of 16	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Repechage	Final / BM
Athlete	Event	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Rank
Dirk Van Tichelt	Men's −73 kg	Bye	Remeleh (PLE) W 0100–0000	Delpopolo (USA) L 0000–0001	Did not advance
Joachim Bottieau	Men's −81 kg	Bye	Simmonds (PAN) W 1100–0001	Nifontov (RUS) L 0000–0010	Did not advance
Elco van der Geest	Men's −100 kg	—	Khaibulaev (RUS) L 0100–0000	Did not advance
Charline Van Snick	Women's −48 kg	—	Bye	Chung J-y (KOR) W 1000–0000	Csernoviczki (HUN) W 1001–0000	Menezes (BRA) L 0000–0001	Bye	Pareto (ARG) W 0011–0002
Ilse Heylen	Women's −52 kg	—	Bye	Chițu (ROU) W 0010–0000	Legentil (MRI) W 0020–0002	Bermoy (CUB) L 0002–0011	Bye	Gneto (FRA) L 0001–1001	5

Rowing

Belgium has qualified the following boats.

Men

Athlete	Event	Heats		Repechage		Quarterfinals		Semifinals		Final
Athlete	Event	Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Tim Maeyens	Single sculls	6:42.52 OB	1 QF	Bye		6:56.65	2 SA/B	7:39.78	6 FB	7:27.51	12

Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); FC=Final C (non-medal); FD=Final D (non-medal); FE=Final E (non-medal); FF=Final F (non-medal); SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; QF=Quarterfinals; R=Repechage

Sailing

Men

Athlete	Event	Race											Net points	Final rank
Athlete	Event	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	M*	Net points	Final rank
Wannes Van Laer	Laser	19	26	29	26	30	38	32	50	42	36	EL	276	34

Women

Athlete	Event	Race											Net points	Final rank
Athlete	Event	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	M*	Net points	Final rank
Sigrid Rondelez	RS:X	18	21	19	27	15	13	14	14	17	19	EL	150	17
Evi Van Acker	Laser Radial	3	2	3	8	1	5	8	1	8	3	6	40

M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race

Shooting

Men

Athlete	Event	Qualification		Final
Athlete	Event	Points	Rank	Points	Rank
Lionel Cox	50 m rifle prone	599	2 Q	701.2

Swimming

Swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):^[7]^[8]

Men

Athlete	Event	Heat		Semifinal		Final
Athlete	Event	Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Jasper Aerents	50 m freestyle	22.43	23	Did not advance
Ward Bauwens	400 m individual medley	4:16.71 NR	16	—		Did not advance
François Heersbrandt	100 m butterfly	52.22	=13 Q	52.71	16	Did not advance
Brian Ryckeman	10 km open water	—				1:51:27.1	16
Glenn Surgeloose	200 m freestyle	1:48.77	25	Did not advance
Pieter Timmers	100 m freestyle	48.54 NR	6 Q	48.57	=12	Did not advance
Jasper Aerents Dieter Dekoninck Pieter Timmers Emmanuel Vanluchenne Yoris Grandjean	4 × 100 m freestyle relay	3:13.89 NR	6 Q	—		3:14.40	8
Louis Croenen Dieter Dekoninck Glenn Surgeloose Pieter Timmers Yoris Grandjean	4 × 200 m freestyle relay	7:14.44	12	—		Did not advance

Women

Athlete	Event	Heat		Semifinal		Final
Athlete	Event	Time	Rank	Time	Rank	Time	Rank
Kimberly Buys	100 m backstroke	1:01.92	29	Did not advance
Kimberly Buys	100 m butterfly	58.79	19	Did not advance
Fanny Lecluyse	200 m breaststroke	2:27.30	19	Did not advance
Jolien Sysmans	50 m freestyle	25.60	31	Did not advance

Table tennis

Athlete	Event	Preliminary round	Round 1	Round 2	Round 3	Round 4	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Final / BM
Athlete	Event	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Opposition Result	Rank
Jean-Michel Saive	Men's singles	Bye	Jevtović (SRB) W 4–1	Kreanga (GRE) L 1–4	Did not advance

Tennis

Athlete	Event	Round of 64	Round of 32	Round of 16	Quarterfinals	Semifinals	Final / BM
Athlete	Event	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Opposition Score	Rank
Steve Darcis	Men's singles	Berdych (CZE) W 6–4, 6–4	Giraldo (COL) W 6–7^(4–7), 6–4, 6–4	Almagro (ESP) L 5–7, 3–6	Did not advance
David Goffin		Mónaco (ARG) L 4–6, 1–6	Did not advance
Olivier Rochus		Isner (USA) L 6–7^(1–7), 4–6	Did not advance
Kim Clijsters	Women's singles	Vinci (ITA) W 6–1, 6–4	Suárez Navarro (ESP) W 6–3, 6–3	Ivanovic (SRB) W 6–3, 6–4	Sharapova (RUS) L 2–6, 5–7	Did not advance
Yanina Wickmayer	Women's singles	Medina Garrigues (ESP) W 6–2, 4–6, 7–5	Wozniacki (DEN) L 4–6, 6–3, 3–6	Did not advance

Triathlon

Belgium has qualified the following athletes.

Athlete	Event	Swim (1.5 km)	Trans 1	Bike (40 km)	Trans 2	Run (10 km)	Total Time	Rank
Simon De Cuyper	Men's	17:58	0:42	59:45	0:25	31:10	1:50:00	26
Katrien Verstuyft	Women's	19:43	0:45	1:07:30	0:31	35:40	2:03:38	28

Weightlifting

Belgium has qualified 1 man.

Athlete	Event	Snatch		Clean & Jerk		Total	Rank
Athlete	Event	Result	Rank	Result	Rank	Total	Rank
Tom Goegebuer	Men's −56 kg	115	13	132	14	247	12

References

^ "iaaf.org – Top Lists". IAAF. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
^ IAAF Games of the XXX Olympiad – London 2012 ENTRY STANDARDS (PDF), IAAF, archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2012, retrieved 4 June 2011
^ "Cycling: "Drunken" photos get Belgian sent home". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "London 2012 Olympics qualifying: Equestrian". BBC. 2 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
^ "Belgium's Olympic squads announced". FIH. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
^ "Belgium's Olympic squads announced". FIH. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ "Swimming World Rankings". FINA. Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
^ FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE NATATION – Swimming (PDF), FINA, archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011, retrieved 8 June 2011

[1] "iaaf.org – Top Lists". IAAF. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.

[2] IAAF Games of the XXX Olympiad – London 2012 ENTRY STANDARDS (PDF), IAAF, archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2012, retrieved 4 June 2011

[3] "Cycling: "Drunken" photos get Belgian sent home". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.

[BBC_Equestrian_Qual-4] "London 2012 Olympics qualifying: Equestrian". BBC. 2 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011.

[5] "Belgium's Olympic squads announced". FIH. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012.

[6] "Belgium's Olympic squads announced". FIH. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2012.

[7] "Swimming World Rankings". FINA. Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.

[8] FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DE NATATION – Swimming (PDF), FINA, archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011, retrieved 8 June 2011

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