Historical Arabic sources do not offer clear details about this site during the medieval period.[2]Hiṣn Daī (Arabic: حصن دائي), a town that was given to the Idrisid prince Yahya ibn Idris (son of Idris II) to rule during the 9th century, may correspond to the site of present Beni Mellal.[2][3][4] It was later captured by the Almohads in 1141.[3]
In 1688, the Alawi sultan Moulay Isma'il built a kasbah (fort) here and the current town developed around it. The kasbah was restored in the 19th century by Moulay Sliman and again in 1916 by the French Protectorate administration.[2] In 1918, the town had a recorded population of approximately 3,000.[3] During the Protectorate, authorities invested in the area's agricultural infrastructure, which helped the city grow into a major urban centre.[2] Today it is also regional administrative center.[3]
Formerly, the city was known as Kasbah Beni Mellal and it was also called Kasbah Bel Kush or Bel Kush (Arabic: بلكوش, romanized: Bal Kūsh) with Kush being a Berber word for black. The name Beni Mellal could be a corruption of the Berber word imaloul meaning white or it is taken from the tribe living around the city. The Beni Mellal tribe is an Arab tribe of Jusham origin and its eponymous ancestor is said to be Muhammad al-Mallal.[3][5]
Climate
Beni Mellal has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classificationBSh) with very hot summers and cool winters. As the city lies quite far inland and is shielded by the Middle Atlas mountains, the climate is highly continental.[citation needed] Because of these factors the overall climate can be considered in a fluctuative state generally moderating between two larger extremes in temperature and climate. Rainfall can reach up to 500 mm (20 in) per year, snow can also fall in winter.[citation needed]
^Garcia-Arenal, Mercedes; Moreno, Eduardo Manzano (1998). "Légitimité et villes idrissides". In Cressier, Patrice; Garcia-Arenal, Mercedes (eds.). Genèse de la ville islamique en al-Andalus et au Maghreb occidental (in French). Casa de Velázquez; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). p. 277. ISBN978-84-00-07766-2.
