Bulgarian Volunteer Corps

Volunteer
(Bulgarian: опълченци)
Volunteer; (Bulgarian: опълченци)
	The standard of the Bulgarian Opaltchentsi
Leaders	Collective leadership
Dates of operation	1877–1878
Headquarters	Sofia, Bulgaria
Active regions	Bulgaria
Ideology	Bulgarian nationalism
Size	40,300
Allies	Russian Empire; Romania; Serbia; Montenegro
Opponents	Ottoman Empire
Battles and wars	Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
	Preceded by; Bulgarian Legion Succeeded by; Bulgarian army

Opalchentsi (Bulgarian: опълченци) were Bulgarian voluntary army units, who took part in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. The people in these units were called opalchenets-pobornik (опълченец-поборник) roughly meaning "folk-" or "regiment-combatant" .

The Bulgarian voluntary army units for the Russo-Turkish War were gathered after the manifesto of Alexander II of Russia, announcing the War. The meeting point of the Bulgarian volunteers in Russia was the city of Samara. The Bulgarian Opalchentsi were given the Samara flag bearing the images of the Holy Mother and Saints Cyril and Methodius (the flag is kept in the National Museum of Military History in Sofia). The Opalchentsi took an active part in the Second and Fourth Battle of Shipka Pass and after the end of the war went on to form Bulgaria's army.

Structure

Major General Nikolai Stoletov was appointed Chief of the Bulgarian Militia, with his chief of staff being Colonel Efim Rinkiewicz. Other staff officers were also appointed - Colonel Engelhart, Lieutenant Colonel Fyodor De Preradovic and others. The command staff consisted of 136 officers, among which were Bulgarian officers and non-commissioned officers in the Russian Army:

Lieutenant-Colonel Konstantin Kesyakov,
Captain Raicho Nikolov,
Lieutenants Peter Alexiev, Delev, Petko Stoyanov, Konstantin Shivarov, Atanas Uzunov, Dimitar Filov, Danail Nikolaev, Stefan Lyubomski,
Sub-lieutenants Stefan Kissov, Avram Gudzhev, Olympiy Panov and Costa Panitsa.

Friendly doctors were appointed, including the Bulgarians Konstantin Bonev, Sava Mirkov, Konstantin Vesenkov, Andrei Bogdanov, Ivan Panov, Yakov Petkovich.

The militias were trained by Russian officers. They were armed with the Chassepot rifle, which was bought by the Ministry of Defense and the Moscow Slavic Committee. In terms of numbers and structure, the militia was comparable to a reinforced wartime infantry division. It consisted of 3 militia brigades, each consisting of 2 militia "druzhina" (the equivalent of a battalion) of 5 companies each. Later on, 6 more independent detachments formed later are included.

The Bulgarian militia units were commanded by: