Genus of flowering plants in the cabbage family Brassicaceae
Cardamine genus of flowering plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae , known as bittercresses and toothworts . It contains more than 200 species of annuals and perennials .[ 1] habitats worldwide, except the Antarctic.[ 1] Cardamine is derived from the Greek kardaminē , water cress , from kardamon , pepper grass .[ 2]
Description
The leaves can have different forms, from minute to medium in size. They can be simple, pinnate or bipinnate. They are basal and cauline (growing on the upper part of the stem), with narrow tips. They are rosulate (forming a rosette). The blade margins can be entire, serrate or dentate. The stem internodes lack firmness.[clarification needed
The radially symmetrical flowers grow in a racemose many-flowered inflorescence or in corymbs. The white, pink or purple flowers are minute to medium-sized. The petals are longer than the sepals . The fertile flowers are hermaphroditic .[citation needed
Taxonomy
The genus Cardamine was first formally named in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum [ 3] [update] Kew 's Plants of the World Online database.[ 1]
The genus name Dentaria synonym for some species of Cardamine .
Species
Select species include:[ 1]
Cardamine amara L. – large bittercressCardamine angulata Hook. – seaside bittercress, angled bittercressCardamine angustata O.E.Schulz – slender toothwortCardamine bellidifolia L. – alpine bittercress, alpine cressCardamine bilobata Kirk Cardamine breweri S.Watson – Brewer's bittercressCardamine bulbifera (L.) Crantz – coralrootCardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – bulbous bittercress, spring cressCardamine caldeirarum Guthnick ex Seub. – Azorean bittercressCardamine californica (Nutt.) Greene – milkmaidsCardamine clematitis Shuttlew. ex S.Watson – small mountain bittercressCardamine concatenata (Michx.) O.Schwarz – cutleaf toothwort, cut-leaved toothwortCardamine constancei Detling – Constance's bittercressCardamine cordifolia A.Gray – heartleaf bittercress, large Mountain bittercressCardamine corymbosa Hook.f. – New Zealand bittercressCardamine debilis DC. – roadside bittercressCardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph.Wood – crinkleroot, twin-leaved toothwortCardamine dissecta (Leavenw.) Al-Shehbaz – forkleaf toothwortCardamine douglassii Britton – limestone bittercressCardamine enneaphyllos (L.) Crantz – drooping bittercressCardamine fargesiana Al-Shehbaz Cardamine flagellifera O.E.Schulz – Blue Ridge bittercressCardamine flexuosa With. – woodland bittercress, wavy bittercressCardamine glacialis (G.Forst.) DC. Cardamine gouldii Al-Shehbaz Cardamine gunnii Hewson Cardamine heptaphylla (Vill.) O.E.Schulz – pinnate coralrootCardamine hirsuta L. – hairy bittercressCardamine impatiens L. – narrowleaf bittercressCardamine jamesonii Hook. Cardamine leucantha (Tausch) O.E.Schulz – Korean bittercress[ 4] Cardamine longii Fernald – Long's bittercressCardamine lyrata Bunge Cardamine macrocarpa Brandegee – largeseed bittercressCardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph.Wood – large toothwortCardamine micranthera Rollins – small-anthered bittercress, streambank bittercressCardamine microphylla Adams – small-leaf bittercressCardamine nuttallii Greene – Nuttall's toothwortCardamine nymanii Gand. – lady's smockCardamine occidentalis (S.Watson ex B.L.Rob.) Howell – big western bittercressCardamine oligosperma Nutt. – Idaho bittercress, little western bittercressCardamine pachystigma (S.Watson) Rollins – serpentine bittercressCardamine parviflora L. – sand bittercress, small-flowered bittercressCardamine pattersonii L.F.Hend. – Saddle Mountain bittercressCardamine penduliflora O.E.Schulz – Willamette Valley bittercressCardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. – Pennsylvania bittercress, Quaker bittercressCardamine pentaphyllos (L.) Crantz Cardamine pratensis L. – cuckoo flower, lady's smock, meadow cressCardamine purpurascens (O.E.Schulz) Al-Shehbaz & al. Cardamine purpurea Cham. & Schltdl. – purple bittercressCardamine raphanifolia Pourr. – greater cuckooflowerCardamine rotundifolia Michx. – American bittercress, mountain watercressCardamine rupicola (O.E.Schulz) C.L.Hitchc. – cliff bittercressCardamine trifolia L. – trefoil cressCardamine uliginosa M.Bieb.
Ecology
Cardamine pratensis from Thomé: Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885This plant[clarification needed is also used as one of the main food sources for the butterfly Pieris oleracea .[ 5] [page needed
Uses
The roots of most species are edible raw.[ 6]
Some species were reputed to have medicinal qualities (treatment of heart or stomach ailments).
References
Bibliography
Taxonomic Revision of Cardamine Lihová, J.; Marhold, K. (2003). "Taxonomy and distribution of the Cardamine pratensis group (Brassicaceae) in Slovenia". Phyton (Horn) . 43 : 241–261. Lihová, J.; Marhold, K.; Neuffer, B. (2000). "Taxonomy of Cardamine amara in the Iberian Peninsula" . Taxon . 49 (4): 747–763. doi :10.2307/1223975 JSTOR 1223975 . S2CID 85625889 . Sun, Jianqiang; Shimizu-Inatsugi, Rie; Hofhuis, Hugo; Shimizu, Kentaro; Hay, Angela; Shimizu, Kentaro K.; Sese, Jun (2020). "A recently formed triploid Cardamine insueta inherits leaf vivipary and submergence tolerance traits of parents" . Front. Genet . 11 : 567262. doi :10.3389/fgene.2020.567262 PMC 7573311 PMID 33133153 . S2CID 222135582 .
External links
Cardamine
