Cardamine pratensis

Cardamine pratensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Brassicaceae
Genus:	Cardamine
Species:	C. pratensis
Binomial name
	Cardamine pratensis; L.
Synonyms
	Cardamine dentata Schult.;

Cardamine pratensis, the cuckoo flower, lady's smock, mayflower, or milkmaids, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is a perennial herb native to Eurasia.

Description

Cardamine pratensis is a herbaceous, hairless,^[1] perennial plant growing to 60 centimetres (24 in) tall,^[2] with pinnate leaves 5–12 cm (2–4+3⁄4 in) long with 3–15 leaflets, each leaflet about 1 cm long. The flowers are produced on a spike 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long, each flower 1–2 cm in diameter with four very pale violet-pink (rarely white) petals.^[1]^{[verification needed]} The fruit is a seed pod up to 5 cm (2 in).^[2] It grows best close to water.

Etymology

The specific name pratensis is Latin for "from/of the meadow".

Its common name cuckoo flower derives from the formation of the plant's flowers at around the same time as the arrival each spring of the first cuckoos in the British Isles.^[3] An alternative 16th century dated tale refers to 'cuckoo spit', which the plant is sometimes covered in, due to a bug called the froghopper and not the cuckoo.^[4]

Distribution

The species is widespread in Europe^[2] and commonly found throughout the British Isles.^[5]

Recorded in Ireland from all 40 of the "vice-counties" (a system adopted by Robert Lloyd Praeger in 1901).^[6]

Cultivation

It is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, and has become naturalised in North America as a result of cultivation. In some European countries, including parts of Germany, the plant is now under threat.

It is a food plant for Anthocharis cardamines (the orange-tip butterfly).^{[citation needed]}

Uses

The plant is edible with a peppery taste similar to watercress.^[2]

In culture

In folklore it was said to be sacred to the fairies, and so was unlucky if brought indoors. It was not included in May Day garlands for the same reason.^[7]

It is the county flower of the English county of Cheshire.^[8]

Gallery

Cardamine pratensis in Bavaria, Germany
Cardamine pratensis growing in Wiltshire, UK
Details of flowers
Buds of a Cardamine pratensis
Botanical illustration from Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany
Flowers
Plants
Flowers, pinker variety
Seedling

References

^ ^a ^b Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. An Irish Flora 1996. Dundalgan Press, Dundalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Francis-Baker, Tiffany (2021). Concise Foraging Guide. The Wildlife Trusts. London: Bloomsbury. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4729-8474-6.
^ "Lady's Smock | Wildflowers | Wildlife". www.wildlifetrusts.org. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
^ Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain. Reader's Digest. 1981. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-276-00217-5.
^ Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4
^ Scannell, M.J.P and Synnott, D.M. 1972. Census Catalogue of the Flora of Ireland. Dublin
^ Howard, Michael. Traditional Folk Remedies, (Century, 1987); p
^ "Cuckooflower | Plant & fungi species | Wild plants". www.plantlife.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2016-10-10.

External links

Blanchan, Neltje (2002). Wild Flowers: An Aid to Knowledge of our Wild Flowers and their Insect Visitors. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.

[Webb_et_al-1] Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. An Irish Flora 1996. Dundalgan Press, Dundalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7

[tfb-2] Francis-Baker, Tiffany (2021). Concise Foraging Guide. The Wildlife Trusts. London: Bloomsbury. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4729-8474-6.

[3] "Lady's Smock | Wildflowers | Wildlife". www.wildlifetrusts.org. Retrieved 2016-10-10.

[Readers-4] Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain. Reader's Digest. 1981. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-276-00217-5.

[5] Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4

[6] Scannell, M.J.P and Synnott, D.M. 1972. Census Catalogue of the Flora of Ireland. Dublin

[7] Howard, Michael. Traditional Folk Remedies, (Century, 1987); p

[8] "Cuckooflower | Plant & fungi species | Wild plants". www.plantlife.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. Retrieved 2016-10-10.

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