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Carme (moon)

Carme
Discovery^[1]
Carme photographed by the Haute-Provence Observatory in December 1998
Discovered by	Seth B. Nicholson
Discovery site	Mt. Wilson Observatory
Discovery date	30 July 1938
Designations
Designation	Jupiter XI
Pronunciation	/ˈkɑːrmiː/^[2]^[3]
Named after	Κάρμη Karmē
Adjectives	Carmean /kɑːrˈmiːən/^[4]
Orbital characteristics^[5]
Epoch 17 December 2020 (JD 2459200.5)
Observation arc	82.02 yr (29,958 days)
Semi-major axis	0.1509370 AU (22,579,850 km)
Eccentricity	0.2294925
Orbital period (sidereal)	–693.17 d
Mean anomaly	17.48241°
Mean motion	0° 31^m 9.68^s / day
Inclination	163.53496° (to ecliptic)
Longitude of ascending node	209.94088°
Argument of perihelion	133.45035°
Satellite of	Jupiter
Group	Carme group
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	46.7±0.9 km^[6]
Mass	8.69×10¹⁶ kg (calculated)
Mean density	1.63 g/cm³ (assumed)^[7]
Synodic rotation period	10.40±0.05 h^[8]
Albedo	0.035±0.006^[6]
Spectral type	D^[6]
Apparent magnitude	18.9^[9]
Absolute magnitude (H)	10.5^[5]

Carme /ˈkɑːrmiː/ is a retrograde irregular satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson at Mount Wilson Observatory in California in July 1938.^[1] It is named after the mythological Carme, mother by Zeus of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.

History

Carme observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft in 2014

Carme did not receive its present name until 1975;^[10] before then, it was simply known as Jupiter XI. It was sometimes called "Pan"^[11] between 1955 and 1975 (Pan is now the name of a satellite of Saturn).

It gives its name to the Carme group, made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°. Its orbital elements are as of 17 December 2020.^[5] They are continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.

Properties

With a diameter of 46.7±0.9 km, it is the largest member of the Carme group and the fourth largest irregular moon of Jupiter.^[6] It is light red in color (B−V=0.76, V−R=0.47), similar to D-type asteroids and consistent with Taygete, but not Kalyke.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b Nicholson, S. B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 50 (297): 292–293. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..292N. doi:10.1086/124963. S2CID 120216615.
^ Webster, Noah (1884). A Practical Dictionary of the English Language.
^ "Carme". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
^ Yenne, Bill (1987). The Atlas of the Solar System.
^ ^a ^b ^c "M.P.C. 127087" (PDF). Minor Planet Circular. Minor Planet Center. 17 November 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Mainzer, A. K.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1): 9. arXiv:1505.07820. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809....3G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3. S2CID 5834661. 3.
^ Chen, Zhenghan; Yang, Kun; Liu, Xiaodong (23 December 2023). ""Life" of dust originating from the irregular satellites of Jupiter". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 527 (4): 11327–11337. arXiv:2402.03680. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3829. ISSN 0035-8711.
^ Luu, Jane (September 1991). "CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites". Astronomical Journal. 102: 1213–1225. Bibcode:1991AJ....102.1213L. doi:10.1086/115949. ISSN 0004-6256.
^ Sheppard, Scott. "Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
^ IAUC 2846: Satellites of Jupiter 1974 October 7 (naming the moon)
^ Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia; Katherine Haramundanis (1970). Introduction to Astronomy. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-478107-4.
^ Grav, Tommy; Holman, M. J.; Gladman, B. J.; Aksnes, K. (2003). "Photometric survey of the irregular satellites". Icarus. 166 (1): 33–45. arXiv:astro-ph/0301016. Bibcode:2003Icar..166...33G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.005. S2CID 7793999.

External links

v t e Moons of Jupiter
Listed in increasing approximate distance from Jupiter
Inner moons	Metis Adrastea Amalthea Thebe
Galilean moons	Io Europa Ganymede Callisto
Themisto	Themisto
Himalia group (9)	Leda Ersa S/2018 J 2 Himalia Pandia Lysithea Elara S/2011 J 3 Dia
Carpo group (2)	S/2018 J 4 Carpo
Valetudo	Valetudo
Ananke group (26)	Euporie Jupiter LV Eupheme S/2021 J 3 Jupiter LII Jupiter LIV Mneme Euanthe S/2003 J 16 Harpalyke Orthosie S/2022 J 3 Helike S/2021 J 2 Praxidike Jupiter LXIV S/2021 J 1 S/2003 J 12 Jupiter LXVIII Thelxinoe Thyone S/2003 J 2 Ananke Iocaste Hermippe Jupiter LXX
Carme group (30)	S/2022 J 1 S/2022 J 2 S/2016 J 3 Pasithee Jupiter LXIX S/2021 J 6 S/2003 J 24 Chaldene Jupiter LXIII Isonoe S/2021 J 4 Kallichore Erinome Kale Eirene Aitne Eukelade Arche Taygete Jupiter LXXII Carme Herse Jupiter LXI Jupiter LI S/2003 J 9 Jupiter LXVI Kalyke S/2018 J 3 S/2021 J 5 S/2003 J 10
Pasiphae group (18)	Philophrosyne Eurydome Jupiter LVI S/2003 J 4 S/2016 J 4 Jupiter LXVII Hegemone Pasiphae Sponde Megaclite Cyllene Sinope Jupiter LIX Aoede Autonoe Callirrhoe S/2003 J 23 Kore
See also	Rings of Jupiter Jupiter's moons in fiction
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Carme (moon)

History

Properties

See also

References

External links