Born in Bulgaria and Morocco, respectively, the pair met and married in Paris in the late 1950s. Originally working under Christo's name, they later credited their installations to both "Christo and Jeanne-Claude". Until his own death in 2020, Christo continued to plan and execute projects after Jeanne-Claude's death in 2009.
Their work was typically large, visually impressive, and controversial, often taking years and sometimes decades of careful preparation – including technical solutions, political negotiation, permitting and environmental approval, hearings and public persuasion. The pair refused grants, scholarships, donations or public money, instead financing the work via the sale of their own artwork.
Christo and Jeanne-Claude described the myriad elements that brought the projects to fruition as integral to the artwork itself, and said their projects contained no deeper meaning than their immediate aesthetic impact; their purpose being simply for joy, beauty, and new ways of seeing the familiar.
Career
Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958 when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Précilda de Guillebon.[2] Their first show, in Cologne, 1961, showcased the three types of artworks for which they would be known: wrapped items, oil barrels, and ephemeral, large-scale works.[3] Near Christo's first solo show in Paris, in 1962, the pair blocked an alley with 240 barrels for several hours in a piece called Iron Curtain, a poetic reply to the Berlin Wall.[4]
They developed consistent, longtime terms of their collaboration. They together imagined projects, for which Christo would create sketches and preparatory works that were later sold to fund the resulting installation. Christo and Jeanne-Claude hired assistants to do the work of wrapping the object at hand. They originally worked under the name "Christo" to simplify dealings and their brand,[5] given the difficulties of establishing an artist's reputation and the prejudices against female artists,[6] but they would later retroactively credit their large-scale outdoor works to both "Christo and Jeanne-Claude".[5] They eventually flew in separate planes such that, in case one crashed, the other could continue their work.[7]
The couple relocated to New York City, the new art world capital, in 1964. Christo began to make Store Fronts, wooden facades made to resemble shop windows, which he continued for four years. His largest piece was shown in the 1968 Documenta 4. In the mid-1960s, they also created Air Packages,[8] inflated and wrapped research balloons.[9] In 1969, at the invitation of the museum director Jan van der Marck they wrapped the Chicago Museum of Contemporary Art while it remained open.[10] It was panned by the public and ordered to be undone by the fire department, which went unenforced.[11] With the help of Australian collector John Kaldor, Christo and Jeanne-Claude and 100 volunteers wrapped the coast of Sydney's Little Bay as Wrapped Coast, the first piece for Kaldor Public Art Projects.[12]
1970s
Within a year of Wrapped Coast, Christo began work on Valley Curtain:[13] an orange curtain of fabric to be hung across the mountainous Colorado State Highway 325.[14] They simultaneously worked on Wrapped Walk Ways (Tokyo and Holland) and Wrapped Island (South Pacific), neither of which came to fruition.[13] The artists formed a corporation to benefit from tax and other liabilities, a form they used for later projects.[13] Following a failed attempt to mount the curtain in late 1971, a new engineer and builder-contractor raised the fabric in August 1972. The work only stood for 28 hours before the wind again destroyed the fabric. This work, their most expensive to date and first to involve construction workers, was captured in a documentary by David and Albert Maysles.[14]Christo's Valley Curtain was nominated for Best Documentary Short in the 1974 Academy Awards.[15] The Maysles would film many of the artists' later projects.[14]
Inspired by a snow fence, in 1972, Christo and Jeanne-Claude began preparations for Running Fence: a 24.5-mile fence of white nylon, supported by steel posts and steel cables, running through the California landscape and into the ocean. In exchange for temporary use of ranch land, the artists agreed to offer payment and use of the deconstructed building materials. Others challenged its construction in 18 public hearings and three state court sessions. The fence began construction in April 1976 and the project culminated in a two-week display in September, after which it was deconstructed.[16]
Their 1978 Wrapped Walk Ways covered paths within Kansas City, Missouri's Loose Park in 12,540 square meters (135,000 square feet) of saffron-colored nylon fabric covering 4.4 kilometers (2.7 miles) of the park's formal garden walkways and jogging paths.[17]
1980s
Christo and Jeanne-Claude planned a project based on Jeanne-Claude's idea to surround eleven islands in Miami's Biscayne Bay with 603,850 m2 (6,499,800 sq ft) of pink polypropylene floating fabric.[18]Surrounded Islands was completed on May 7, 1983, with the aid of 430 workers and could be admired for two weeks. The workers were outfitted with pink long sleeve shirts with pale blue text written on the back reading “Christo Surrounded Islands”, and then in acknowledging the garment's designer, "designed and produced by Willi Smith".[19]
Jeanne-Claude became an American citizen in March 1984.[20] The couple received permission to wrap the Pont Neuf, a bridge in Paris, in August 1985. The bridge stayed wrapped for two weeks (22 Sep - 5 Oct 1985). The Pont Neuf Wrapped attracted three million visitors.[21] Wrapping the Pont Neuf continued the tradition of transforming a sculptural dimension into a work of art. The fabric maintained the principal shapes of the Pont Neuf but it emphasized the details and the proportions. As with Surrounded Islands, workers who assisted with the installation and deinstallation of Pont Neuf Wrapped wore uniforms designed by Willi Smith.[19]
1990s
Their 1991 The Umbrellas involved the simultaneous setup of blue and gold umbrellas in Japan and California, respectively. The 3,100-umbrella project cost US$26 million and attracted three million visitors.[22] Christo closed the exhibition early after a woman was killed by a windblown umbrella in California.[23] Separately, a worker was killed during the deconstruction of the Japanese exhibit.[24]
Christo and Jeanne-Claude wrapped the Berlin Reichstag building in 1995 following 24 years of governmental lobbying across six Bundestag presidents. Wrapped Reichstag's 100,000 square meters of silver fabric draped the building, fastened with blue rope.[25] Christo described the Reichstag wrapping as autobiographical based on his Bulgarian upbringing.[26] The wrapping became symbolic of unified Germany and marked Berlin's return as a world city.[27]The Guardian posthumously described the work as their "most spectacular achievement".[28]
In 1998, the artists wrapped trees at the Beyeler Foundation and its nearby Berower Park. Prior attempts had failed to secure government support in St. Louis, Missouri, and Paris. The work was self-funded through sale of photographic documentation and preparatory works, as had become standard for the couple.[29]
Work began on the installation of the couple's most protracted project, The Gates, in New York City's Central Park in January 2005. Its full title, The Gates,Central Park, New York, 1979–2005, refers to the time elapsed between the year of the artists' initial proposal and the year they were allowed to proceed, having received permission from the newly elected mayor Michael R. Bloomberg.[30]The Gates was open to the public from February 12–27, 2005. A total of 7,503 gates made of saffron-colored fabric were placed on paths in Central Park. They were five meters (16 ft) high and had a combined length of 37 km (23 mi). The mayor presented them with the Doris C. Freedman Award for public art.[31] The project cost an estimated US$21 million, which the artists planned to recoup by selling project documentation.[32]
Big Air Package
Christo filled the Gasometer Oberhausen from March 16 until December 30, 2013, with the installation Big Air Package. After The Wall (1999) as the final installation of the Emscher Park International Building Exhibition, Big Air Package was his second work of art in the Gasometer. The "Big Air Package – Project for Gasometer Oberhausen, Germany" was conceived by Christo in 2010 (for the first time without his wife Jeanne-Claude).
The sculpture was set up in the interior of the industrial monument and was made of 20,350 m3 (719,000 cu ft) of translucent fabric and 4,500 m (14,800 ft) of rope. In the inflated state, the envelope, with a weight of 5.3 tonnes (5.8 short tons), reached a height of more than 90 m (300 ft), a diameter of 50 m (160 ft) and a volume of 177,000 m3 (6,300,000 cu ft). The monumental work of art was, temporarily, the largest self-supporting sculpture in the world. In the accessible interior of Big Air Package, the artist generated a unique experience of space, proportions, and light.[33]
X-TO+J-C: Christo and Jeanne-Claude Featuring Works from the Bequest of David C. Copley
In 2014, the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego presented the exhibit X-TO + J-C: Christo and Jeanne-Claude Featuring Works from the Bequest of David C. Copley, one of the museum's patrons and trustees who also had the largest collection of Christo and Jeanne-Claude's work in the United States.[34]X-TO + J-C featured more than fifty works by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, including pieces such as Christo's evocative Package (1960), alongside drawings related to his early concealed objects: chairs, road signs, and other commonplace items.[35] Christo himself gave a lecture in which he discussed two works that were in progress: Over the River, Project for the Arkansas River, Colorado, and The Mastaba, Project for the United Arab Emirates.[36]
The Floating Piers were a series of walkways installed at Lake Iseo near Brescia, Italy. From June 18 to July 3, 2016, visitors were able to walk just above the surface of the water from the village of Sulzano on the mainland to the islands of Monte Isola and San Paolo. The floating walkways were made of around 200,000 polyethene cubes covered with 70,000 m2 (750,000 sq ft) of bright yellow fabric: 3 km (1.9 mi) of piers moved on the water; another 1.5 km (0.93 mi) of golden fabric continued along the pedestrian streets in Sulzano and Peschiera Maraglio. After the exhibition, all components were to be removed and recycled.[37] The installation was facilitated by the Beretta family, owners of the oldest active manufacturer of firearm components in the world and the primary sidearm supplier of the U.S. Army.[38] The Beretta family owns the island of San Paolo, which was surrounded by Floating Piers walkways.[39]
The work was a success with the Italian public and critics as well.[40][41][42]
The London Mastaba
The London Mastaba was a temporary floating installation exhibited from June to September 2018 on The Serpentine in London. The installation consisted of 7,506 oil barrels, in the shape of a mastaba, a form of an early bench, as well as a style of tomb, in use in ancient Mesopotamia, with a flat roof and inward sloping sides. It sat on a floating platform of high-density polyethene, held in place by 32 anchors. It was 20 m (66 ft) in height and weighed 600 tonnes (660 short tons). The vertical ends were painted in a mosaic of red, blue and mauve, whilst the sloping sides were in red with bands of white.[43]
Simultaneously with the display of The London Mastaba, the nearby Serpentine Gallery presented an exhibition of the artists' work, entitled Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Barrels and The Mastaba 1958–2018. The exhibition comprised sculptures, drawings, collages, scale-models and photographs from the last 60 years of the artists' work.[44]
Christo and Jeanne-Claude announced plans for a future project, titled Over The River, to be constructed on the Arkansas River between Salida, Colorado, and Cañon City, Colorado, on the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains. Plans for the project call for horizontally suspending 10.8 km (6.7 mi) of reflective, translucent fabric panels high above the water, on steel cables anchored into the river's banks. Project plans called for its installation for two weeks during the summer of 2015, at the earliest, and for the river to remain open to recreation during the installation. Reaction among area residents was intense, with supporters hoping for a tourist boom and opponents fearing that the project would ruin the visual appeal of the landscape and inflict damage on the river ecosystem. One local rafting guide compared the project to "hanging pornography in a church." The U.S. Bureau of Land Management released a Record of Decision approving the project on November 7, 2011.[47][48][49] Work on the project cannot begin, however, until the Bureau of Land Management issues a Notice to Proceed.[50] A lawsuit against Colorado Parks and Wildlife was filed on July 22, 2011, by Rags Over the Arkansas River (ROAR), a local group opposed to the project.[51] The lawsuit is still awaiting a court date.[52]
Christo and Jeanne-Claude's inspiration for Over the River came in 1985 as they were wrapping the Pont-Neuf and a fabric panel was being elevated over the Seine. The artists began a three-year search for appropriate locations in 1992, considering some eighty-nine river locations. They chose the Arkansas River because its banks were high enough that recreational rafters could enjoy the river at the same time.[53]
Christo and Jeanne-Claude spent more than $6 million on environmental studies, design engineering, and wind tunnel testing of fabrics. As with past projects, Over The River would be financed entirely by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, through the sale of Christo's preparatory drawings, collages, scale models, and early works of the 1950s/1960s. On July 16, 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management released its four-volume Draft Environmental Impact Statement, which reported many potentially serious types of adverse impact but also many proposed "mitigation" options.[54][55]
In January 2017, after the election of President Trump, Christo canceled the controversial project citing protest of the new administration as well as tiring from the hard-fought legal battle waged by local residents.[56][57]
Continuing their series of monumental "wrapping" projects, the Arc de Triomphe in Paris was wrapped in 30,000 square meters of recyclable polypropylene fabric in silvery blue, and 7,000 meters (23,000 feet) of red rope. Originally scheduled for autumn of 2020,[58] it was postponed a year to Saturday, September 18 to Sunday, October 3, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France and its impact on the arts and cultural sector worldwide.[59] Following Christo's death, his office stated that the project would nevertheless be completed.[60]
Several articles in the press cut the name of Jeanne-Claude on their coverage of the event leading to a debate about the suppression of the place of women in art history.[61][62][63][64]
Art critic David Bourdon described Christo's wrappings as a "revelation through concealment".[69] Unto his critics Christo replied, "I am an artist, and I have to have courage ... Do you know that I don't have any artworks that exist? They all go away when they're finished. Only the preparatory drawings, and collages are left, giving my works an almost legendary character. I think it takes much greater courage to create things to be gone than to create things that will remain."[70] Jeanne-Claude was a firm believer in the aesthetic beauty of works of art; she said, "'We want to create works of art of joy and beauty, which we will build because we believe it will be beautiful.'"[5]
In 2022, the Pérez Art Museum Miami presented Christo Drawings: A Gift from the Maria Bechily and Scott Hodes Collection, comprising drawings and project sketches produced by Christo and his life partner and artistic collaborator Jeane-Claude between the 1960s and the 2000s.[71]
Biographies
Christo
Christo Vladimirov Javacheff (Bulgarian: Христо Владимиров Явашев, [xrisˈtɔvlɐˈdimirofjaˈvaʃɛf]) was born on June 13, 1935, in Gabrovo, Bulgaria, as the second of three sons to Tzveta Dimitrova, a Macedonian Bulgarian from Thessaloniki, and Vladimir Javacheff, who worked at a textile manufacturer.[72] Christo was shy[73] and had a predilection for art. He received private art instruction at a young age and the support of his parents,[72] who invited visiting artists to their house.[74] Christo was particularly affected by events from World War II and the country's fluid borders.[75] During evacuations, he and his brothers stayed with a family in the rural hills outside town, where Christo connected with nature and handicraft.[76]
Christo pursued realistic painting through the mid-1950s, a period during which Western art was suppressed in Bulgaria. He was admitted into the Sofia Academy of Fine Arts in 1953[77] but found the school dull and stifling.[78] Instead, he found inspiration in Skira art books, and visiting Russian professors who were older than him and once active in Russian modernism and the Soviet avant-garde. On the weekends, academy students were sent to paint propaganda and Christo unhappily participated.[79] He found work as a location scout for the state cinema and served three tours of duty during summer breaks.[80] In 1956, he used an academy connection to receive permission to visit family in Prague,[81] where the theater of Emil František Burian reinvigorated him.[82] Amid fears of further Russian suppression in Hungary, Christo decided to flee to Vienna as a railcar stowaway. He had little money after paying the bribe, did not speak the language, had deserted during his Bulgarian military service, and feared being trapped in a refugee camp.[83]
In Vienna, he stayed with a family friend (who had not expected him), studied at the Vienna Fine Arts Academy, and surrendered his passport to seek political asylum as a stateless person.[84] There, he supported himself with commissions and briefly visited Italy with the academy, whose program he found equally unhappy as the one before it. At the behest of a friend relocated from Sofia, he saved up to visit Geneva in late 1957.[85] In violation of his visa, he continued to pursue commissions (whose works he would sign with his family name, reserving his given name for more serious work) and was transformed after visiting the Kunstmuseum Basel and Kunsthaus Zürich.[86] In January 1958, he first began to wrap things, as would become his trademark, starting with a paint can.[87] His collection of wrapped household items would be known as his Inventory. In February 1958, Christo left for Paris, having received a visa with the assistance of a Sofia academy connection.[88]
In 1973, after 17 stateless years, Christo became a United States citizen.[89] He died at his home in New York City on May 31, 2020, at 84. No cause of death was specified.[90]L'Arc de Triomphe, Wrapped, a planned work by Christo and Jeanne-Claude, went ahead posthumously in Paris in September 2021.[91]
Jeanne-Claude
Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebon (French:[ʒankloddənadəgijəbɔ̃]) was born in Casablanca, Morocco, where her father, an army officer, was stationed. Her mother, Précilda, was 17 when she married Jeanne-Claude's father, Major Léon Denat. Précilda and Léon Denat divorced shortly after Jeanne-Claude was born, and Précilda remarried three times. Jeanne-Claude earned a baccalauréat in Latin and philosophy in 1952 from the University of Tunis.[5] After Précilda married the General Jacques de Guillebon in 1947, the family lived in Bern (1948–1951) and Tunisia (1952–1957) before returning to Paris.[92]
Jeanne-Claude was described as "extroverted" and with natural organizational abilities. Her hair was dyed red, which she claimed was selected by her husband.[93] She took responsibility for overseeing work crews and for raising funds.[7]
Jeanne-Claude died in New York City on November 18, 2009, from complications due to a brain aneurysm. Her body was to be donated to science, one of her final wishes.[94] When she died, she and Christo were at work on Over the River[95] and the United Arab Emirates project, The Mastaba.[5] She said, "Artists don't retire. They die. That's all. When they stop being able to create art, they die."[96]
Marriage
Christo and Jeanne-Claude met in October 1958 when he was commissioned to paint a portrait of her mother, Précilda de Guillebon.[2] Initially, Christo was attracted to Jeanne-Claude's half-sister, Joyce. Jeanne-Claude was engaged to Philippe Planchon.[97] Shortly before her wedding, Jeanne-Claude became pregnant by Christo. Although she married Planchon, Jeanne-Claude left him immediately after their honeymoon.[98] Christo and Jeanne-Claude's son, Cyril, was born on May 11, 1960.[99]
^Cowdy, Richard (1982). "Review of Christo: Wrapped Walk Ways. Loose Park, Kansas City, Missouri, 1977-78". Leonardo. 15 (1): 79. doi:10.2307/1574371. ISSN0024-094X. JSTOR1574371.
^ abEarnest, Jarrett (2020). "Willi Smith in Pieces". In Cunningham Cameron, Alexandra (ed.). Willi Smith: Street Couture. New York: Rizzoli Electa. pp. 50–53. ISBN978-0-8478-6819-3.
^Crow, Kelly (September 10, 2010). "Christo vs. Colorado". The Wall Street Journal September 10, 2010. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
^Ericka, Kastner (November 1, 2011). "OTR lawsuit awaits court date". The Mountain Mail. Archived from the original on December 7, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
^Cathy, Newman (November 2006). "Christo and Jeanne-Claude Unwrapped". National Geographic.
^Crow, Kelly (September 10, 2010). "Christo vs. Colorado". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2018 – via www.wsj.com.
^Artist Christo, famed for wrapping landmarks in cloth, dies at 84, France24, May 31, 2020, online: france24.com/...Archived June 4, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
^Schudel, Matt (November 20, 2009). "Jeanne-Claude and Christo". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
Chernow, Burt (2002). Christo and Jeanne-Claude: A Biography. Macmillan. ISBN978-0-312-28074-1.
Fineberg, Jonathan David (2004). Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to The Gates, Central Park, New York City. Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-10405-9.
This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article from the German Wikipedia, accessed on May 3, 2005, with additional material on the Over the River project from the artists' website and newspapers.
Further reading
The early work of Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Matthias Koddenberg, Christo: The Paris Sculptures 1961, Kettler Verlag, Bönen, Germany 2011
Matthias Koddenberg, Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Early Works 1958–64, Kettler Verlag, Bönen, Germany 2009
Matthias Koddenberg, "Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Realism's Newly Unveiled Face", in: Nouveau Réalisme, exh. cat. Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, Vienna, Austria 2005
David Bourdon, Christo, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1971
Anak kucing, cemeng, atau bilatung (bahasa Inggris: kitten) adalah kucing domestik yang belum dewasa.[1] Ibu kucing biasanya dapat melahirkan 2-6 anak kucing. Anak kucing yang baru lahir tidak boleh dipegang oleh manusia dengan tangan kosong, agar tidak diasingkan dan/atau dimakan oleh induknya. Untuk bertahan hidup, anak kucing membutuhkan perawatan dari induk mereka selama beberapa minggu pertama kehidupan mereka. Anak kucing adalah hewan yang sangat sosial dan menghabiskan sebagia…
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Sarca (disambigua). SarcaSarca nei pressi di DroStato Italia Regioni Trentino-Alto Adige Province Trento Lunghezza78 km[1] Portata media39 m³/s Bacino idrografico1 291 km²[1] Altitudine sorgente770 m s.l.m. NasceMadonna di Campiglio 46°09′29.98″N 10°45′16.24″E / 46.158328°N 10.75451°E46.158328; 10.75451 AffluentiSarca Val Genova SfociaLago di Garda a Torbole del Garda 45…
Nama ini merupakan sebuah nama Belanda; nama keluarganya adalah de Jonge, bukan Jonge. Jonkheer Mr.Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge Gubernur Jenderal Hindia BelandaMasa jabatan12 September 1931 – 16 September 1936Penguasa monarkiRatu Wilhelmina Informasi pribadiLahir22 Januari 1875Den Haag, BelandaMeninggal24 Juni 1958Zeist, BelandaKebangsaanBelandaSuami/istriAnna Cornelia van WassenaerSunting kotak info • L • B Jonkheer Mr. Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge, (22 Januari 1875…
Фельштинський Юрій Георгійович Народився 7 вересня 1956(1956-09-07) (67 років)Москва, СРСР[1]Країна СРСР СШАДіяльність історикГалузь політична історія[2] і більшовики[2]Alma mater Ратґерський університет і Брандейський університетНауковий ступінь доктор іст…
Fula (Fulani atau Fulɓe) Wanita Fula di Provinsi Timur KamerunJumlah populasica. 25 juta jiwa[1][2]Daerah dengan populasi signifikanAfrika Barat dan Afrika Tengah Nigeria15.400.000[3][4] Guinea5.070.160[5] Senegal3.182.300[6] Mali2.870.000[7] Kamerun2.344.000[8] Niger2.046.330[9] Burkina Faso1.920.050[10] Mauritania916.113[11] Benin750.000[8] Guinea-B…
Skanska ABJenisPublik AktiebolagKode emitenOMX: SKA BIndustriKonstruksiDidirikan1887; 136 tahun lalu (1887)KantorpusatStockholm, SwediaTokohkunciAnders Danielsson (Presiden & CEO)[1]Hans Biörck (Chairman)[2]ProdukPengembangan perumahan, pengembangan properti komersial, dan pengembangan infrastrukturPendapatanSEK 145,365 milyar (2016)[3]Laba operasiSEK 7,220 milyar (2016)[3]Laba bersihSEK 5,735 milyar (2016)[3]Total asetSEK 106,505 miliar (ak…
For the Filipino beef roulad, see Morcón (Filipino cuisine). MorcónCourseSausagePlace of originSpainRegion or stateSalamanca, Andalusia and ExtremaduraMain ingredientspork, paprika, garlic and salt Media: Morcón Morcón Morcón is a type of chorizo, eaten in much the same way. It is typical of the regions of Andalusia and Extremadura and the province of Salamanca.[1] The difference is the meat with which it is made, which is usually lean without much fat content, and that th…
Sapi memakan silase jagung Potongan tanaman jagung dan biji jagung sebelum dijadikan silase Silase matang, yang terbuat dari potongan tanaman jagung dan biji jagung Silase adalah pakan berkadar air tinggi hasil fermentasi yang diberikan kepada hewan ternak ruminansia[1] atau dijadikan biofuel melalui digesti anaerobik. Silase umumnya dibuat dari tanaman rerumputan (dari suku Gramineae), termasuk juga jagung, sorghum, dan serealia lainnya dengan memanfaatkan seluruh bagian tanaman, tidak …
Artikel ini berisi konten yang ditulis dengan gaya sebuah iklan. Bantulah memperbaiki artikel ini dengan menghapus konten yang dianggap sebagai spam dan pranala luar yang tidak sesuai, dan tambahkan konten ensiklopedis yang ditulis dari sudut pandang netral dan sesuai dengan kebijakan Wikipedia. (Juli 2015) C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.JenisPublikKode emitenNasdaq: CHRWKomponen DJTAKomponen S&P 500IndustriTransportasiLogistikDidirikan1905; 119 tahun lalu (1905),di Grand Forks, Nort…
Phi2 Orionis Classificazionegigante arancione Classe spettraleK0IIIb C ~ Distanza dal Sole116 anni luce CostellazioneOrione Redshift98,72 ± 0,90 Coordinate(all'epoca J2000.0) Ascensione retta05h 36m 54,3879s Declinazione+09° 17′ 26,422″ Lat. galattica-11,9471° Long. galattica195,8449° Dati fisiciRaggio medio7,59 R⊙ Massa1,61 M⊙ Acceleraz. di gravità in superficie2,89 logg Temperaturasuperficiale4897,79 K (media) Metallicità32% del Sole Dati osser…
Stasiun Teshiogawa-Onsen (天塩川温泉駅 Teshiogawa-Onsen-eki) adalah sebuah stasiun kereta api yang berada di Jalur Utama Sōya terletak di Otoineppu, Distrik Nakagawa, Subprefektur Kamikawa, Hokkaido, Jepang, yang dioperasikan oleh JR Hokkaido. Stasiun ini diberi nomor W59. Stasiun Teshiogawa-Onsen天塩川温泉駅Bangunan Stasiun Teshiogawa-OnsenLokasiSakkuru, Otoineppu, Distrik Nakagawa, Prefektur Hokkaido 098-2501JepangKoordinat44°39′53.5″N 142°15′30.8″E / 44.…
Sampul Still Life adalah album keempat Opeth, direkam di Maestro Musik dan Fredman Studios pada 15 April dan 29 Mei 1999. Daftar lagu The Moor – 11:28 Godhead's Lament – 9:47 Benighted – 5:01 Moonlapse Vertigo – 9:00 Face of Melinda – 7:59 Serenity Painted Death – 9:14 White Cluster – 10:02 Anggota Mikael Åkerfeldt - Vocals, Guitar Peter Lindgren - Guitar Martin Mendez - Bass Martin Lopez - Drums lbsOpeth Mikael Åkerfeldt • Martin Mendez • Fredrik …
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento aziende non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Questa voce sull'argomento aziende sudcoreane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. HyundaiLogo Il Palazzo Hyundai Stato Corea del Sud Fondazione1947 Fondata daJ…
Grand Prix Sepeda Motor F.I.M. musim 2023 Sebelum: 2022 Sesudah: 2024 Moto2 musim 2023Moto3 musim 2023MotoE musim 2023 Grand Prix Sepeda MotorFédération Internationalede Motocyclisme Musim saat ini MotoGP musim 2024Moto2 musim 2024Moto3 musim 2024MotoE musim 2024 Kategori kelas MotoGP • Moto2 • Moto3 • MotoE Daftar terkait Pembalap (Juara • (per tahun) • 500cc/MotoGP • 350cc • 250cc/Moto2 • 125cc/Moto3 • 50/80cc) Pemenang lomba • Peraih Pole • Rekor • (semua kelas) • …
Kuil Kongzi adalah kuil yang dibangun untuk memperingati Konfusius (Konghucu) serta untuk meneruskan filsafat Konfusianisme. Kuil Kongzi biasanya disebut sebagai Kongmiau atau Wenmiao di Tiongkok. Kuil Kongzi Kuil Kongzi tertua dan terbesar adalah kuil yang dibangun pada tahun 478 SM di kampung halamannya di Qufu, Shandong. Kuil ini dibangun setahun setelah wafatnya Konfusius atas perintah Pangeran Ai dari negara Lu. Lihat pula Tempat ibadah agama Khonghucu Kuil Kongzi Tainan Boen Bio, Wenmiao d…
SirJames MacPherson Le MoineBorn(1825-01-24)January 24, 1825Quebec City, Lower CanadaDiedFebruary 5, 1912(1912-02-05) (aged 87)Spencer Grange, Sillery, Quebec, CanadaResting placeMount Hermon Cemetery, Sillery, QuebecOccupationsAuthorhistorianornithologistfolkloristbarristerRelativesBenjamin-Henri Le Moine (brother)[1][2] Sir James MacPherson Le Moine (24 January 1825 — 5 February 1912) was a Canadian author and barrister. He was involved with the Literary and Historical S…
Pelabuhan Bungus Pelabuhan Bungus atau Pelabuhan Teluk Bungus adalah sebuah pelabuhan di bagian selatan Kota Padang. Pelabuhan ini terletak di Kelurahan Bungus Barat, Kecamatan Bungus Teluk Kabung. Pelabuhan ini terdiri dari dua segmen, yaitu pelabuhan perikanan samudra (PPS) yang dikelola oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dan pelabuhan penyeberangan yang dikelola oleh Kementerian Perhubungan.[1][2] Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra Bungus Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra (PPS) Bungus…
Region SingapuraJuga dikenal sebagai:Kawasan Singapura (Melayu)Regions of Singapore (Inggris)新加坡的地区 (Mandarin)சிங்கப்பூர் பகுதிகள் (Tamil)KategoriNegara KesatuanLetakRepublik SingapuraDibentuk olehOtoritas Pembangunan Kembali PerkotaanDibentukSeptember 1991 (diusulkan)[1]22 January 1999 (disahkan)[2]Jumlah wilayah5 (hingga 2018)Penduduk557.830 (Wilayah Utara) – 925.930 (Wilayah Tengah)[3]Luas93,1 kilometer persegi (…