Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions

Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems created by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs).

All versions of Microsoft Windows are commercial proprietary software.

General information

Basic general information about Windows.

DOS shells

Name Release date Latest version Support status Codename OS required Architecture Editions Target market
Windows 1.0 1985-11-20 1.04 (1987-04-08) Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		Interface Manager DOS 2.0 or higher 16-bit Desktops
Windows 2.0 1987-09-08 2.03 (1987-12-09) Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		DOS 3.0 or higher 16-bit Desktops
Windows 2.1x 1988-05-27 2.11 (1989-03-13) Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		DOS 3.0 or higher 16-bit Desktops
Windows 3.0 1990-05-22 3.0a with
Multimedia Extensions
(1991-10-20) 		Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		DOS 3.1 or higher 16-bit Windows 3.0
Windows 3.0a
Windows 3.0a with Multimedia Extensions 		Desktops
Windows 3.1x 1992-04-06 3.11 (1993-12-31) Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		Janus
  • 3.1 for Workgroups: Kato
  • 3.11: Snowball (LB)
  • 3.11 for Workgroups: Sparta
 DOS 3.3 or higher 16-bit* Windows 3.1
Windows for Workgroups 3.1
Windows 3.11
Windows for Workgroups 3.11
Windows 3.2 (Simplified Chinese only) 		Desktops
* Has partial 32-bit compatibility with Win32s

Windows 9x

Name Release date RTM build Latest version Support status Codename MS-DOS version Kernel type Architecture Editions Target market
Windows 95 1995-07-14 950 4.00.950C OSR2.5 (1997-11-26) Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		Chicago MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS 7.1 (OSR2.x) Monolithic Hybrid 16/32-bit Retail, OSR1, OSR2, OSR2.1, OSR2.5 Desktops
Windows 98 1998-05-15 1998 4.10.1998 Unsupported
(2006-07-11) 		Memphis MS-DOS 7.1 Monolithic Hybrid 16/32-bit Desktops
Windows 98 SE 1999-05-05 2222 4.10.2222A (2000-02-25) Unsupported
(2006-07-11) 		MS-DOS 7.1 Monolithic Hybrid 16/32-bit Desktops
Windows Me 2000-06-19 3000 4.90.3000 (2000-09-14) Unsupported
(2006-07-11) 		Millennium MS-DOS 8.0 Monolithic Hybrid 16/32-bit Desktops

Windows NT

Name Release date Version RTM build Latest build Support status Codename, working name Supported architectures Editions OS type
Windows NT 3.1 1993-07-27 3.1 528 528 (SP3)
(1994-11-10) 		Unsupported
(2000-12-31)[1] 		New Technology OS/2 IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS 		Workstation,
Advanced Server 		Workstation,
Server
Windows NT 3.5 1994-09-21 3.5 807 807 (SP3)
(1995-06-21) 		Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		Daytona IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS, PowerPC[2] 		Workstation,
Server 		Workstation,
Server
Windows NT 3.51 1995-05-30 3.51 1057 1057 (SP5)
(1996-09-19) 		Unsupported
(2001-12-31) 		— IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS, PowerPC 		Workstation,
Server 		Workstation,
Server
Windows NT 4.0 1996-07-31 4.0 1381 1381 (SP6a)
(1999-11-30) 		Unsupported
(2004-06-30) Extended Security Updates were released until 2006 		Cairo/Shell Update Release
Hydra (Terminal Server)
Impala (Embedded) 		IA-32, DEC Alpha,
MIPS, PowerPC 		Workstation,
Server,
Server Enterprise Edition,
Terminal Server,
Embedded 		Workstation,
Server,
Embedded PCs
Windows 2000 1999-12-15 5.0 2195 SP4 Rollup 1 v2
(2005-09-13) 		Unsupported
(2010-07-13) 		Windows NT 5.0 IA-32 Professional,
Server,
Advanced Server,
Datacenter Server,
Powered (Embedded) 		Desktop,
Workstation,
Server,
Embedded PCs
Windows XP 2001-08-24 5.1 2600 2600 (SP3)
(2008-04-21) 		Unsupported
(2014-04-08) 		Whistler IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 HomeK,
ProfessionalKx64,
Media Center,
Tablet PC,
Starter,
Embedded 		Desktop,
Workstation,
Embedded PCs
Windows Server 2003 2003-04-24 5.2 3790 3790 (SP2)
(2007-03-13) 		Unsupported
(2015-07-14) 		Whistler Server, Windows.NET Server IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 Standard,
Enterprise,
Datacenter,
Web,
Storage,
Small Business Server,
Compute Cluster 		Server,
Network Appliance,
Embedded PCs,
HPC
Windows Server 2003 R2 2005 5.2 3790 ? Unsupported
(2015-07-14) 		? IA-32, x86-64 Server,
Network Appliance,
Embedded PCs,
HPC
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs 2006-07-08 5.1 2600 — Unsupported
(2014-04-08) 		Eiger, Mönch IA-32 Fundamentals for Legacy PCs Desktop
Windows Vista 2006-11-30 6.0 6000 6002 (SP2)
(2009-04-28) 		Unsupported
(2017-04-11) 		Longhorn IA-32, x86-64 Starter,
Home BasicK,
Home PremiumK,
BusinessK,
EnterpriseK,
UltimateK 		Desktop,
Workstation
Windows Home Server 2007-11-04 5.2 3790 — Unsupported
(2013-01-08) 		Q, Quattro IA-32, x86-64 Home Server Server
Windows Server 2008 2008-02-04 6.0 6001 6002 (SP2)
(2009-04-28) 		Unsupported
(2020-01-14) 		Longhorn Server IA-32, IA-64, x86-64 WebCore,
StandardCorewHVCwHV,
EnterpriseCorewHVCwHV,
Small Business Server,
DatacenterCorewHVCwHV,
HPC,
HyperV Core,
Foundation,
Storage 		Server
Windows 7 2009-07-22 6.1 7600 7601 (SP1)
(2011-02-22) 		Unsupported
(2020-01-14) 		7 IA-32, x86-64 StarterK,
Home BasicK,
Home PremiumK,
ProfessionalK,
UltimateK,
EnterpriseK 		Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch
Windows Server 2008 R2 2009-07-22 6.1 7600 7601 (SP1)
(2011-02-22) 		Unsupported
(2020-01-14) 		7 Server IA-64, x86-64 StandardCore,
EnterpriseCore,
DatacenterCore,
WebCore 		Server
Windows Home Server 2011 2011-04-06 6.1 8400 — Unsupported
(2016-04-12) 		Vail x86-64 Home Server Server
Windows Server 2012 2012-08-01 6.2 9200 — Unsupported
(2023-10-10) 		8 Server x86-64 Foundation, Essentials,
Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup 		Server
Windows 8 2012-08-01 6.2 9200 — (RTM only) Unsupported
(2016-01-12) 		8 IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 Windows 8, Pro,
EnterpriseK, Windows RT 		Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Windows 8.1 2013-08-27 6.3 9600 — Unsupported
(2023-01-10) 		Blue IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 Windows 8.1, Pro,
EnterpriseK,
Windows RT 8.1 		Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Windows Server 2012 R2 2013-10-18 6.3 9600 — Unsupported
(2023-10-10) 		Blue Server x86-64 Foundation, Essentials,
Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Essentials,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup 		Server
Windows 10 Original Release 2015-07-29 10.0 10240 — Unsupported
(2017-05-09) 		Threshold IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7 Home, Pro,
Education, Enterprise 		Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Supported
(2025-10-14) 		Enterprise LTSB
November Update 2015-11-12 10586 — Unsupported
(2017-10-10) 		Threshold 2 Home, Pro,
Education, Enterprise
Anniversary Update 2016-08-02 14393 — Unsupported
(2018-04-10) 		Redstone Home, Pro,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2019-04-09) 		Education, Enterprise
Supported
(2026-10-13) 		Enterprise LTSB
Creators Update 2017-04-11 15063 — Unsupported
(2018-10-09) 		Redstone 2 Home, Pro,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2019-10-08) 		Education, Enterprise
Fall Creators Update 2017-10-17 16299 — Unsupported
(2019-04-09) 		Redstone 3 IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7, ARM64 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2020-10-13) 		Education, Enterprise
April 2018 Update 2018-04-30 17134 — Unsupported
(2019-11-12) 		Redstone 4 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2021-05-11) 		Education, Enterprise
October 2018 Update 2018-10-02 17763 — Unsupported
(2020-11-10) 		Redstone 5 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2021-05-11) 		Education, Enterprise
Supported
(2029-01-09) 		Enterprise LTSC
May 2019 Update 2019-05-21 18362 — Unsupported
(2020-12-08) 		19H1 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education,
Education, Enterprise
November 2019 Update 2019-11-12 18363 — Unsupported
(2021-05-11) 		19H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2022-05-10) 		Education, Enterprise
May 2020 Update 2020-05-27 19041 — Unsupported
(2021-12-14) 		20H1 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education,
Education, Enterprise
October 2020 Update 2020-10-20 19042 — Unsupported
(2022-05-10) 		20H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2023-05-09) 		Education, Enterprise
May 2021 Update 2021-05-18 19043 — Unsupported
(2022-12-13) 		21H1 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education,
Education, Enterprise
November 2021 Update 2021-10-16 19044 — Unsupported
(2023-06-13) 		21H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Unsupported
(2024-06-11) 		Education, Enterprise
Supported
(2027-01-12) 		Enterprise LTSC
2022 Update 2022-10-18 19045 — Supported
(2025-10-14) 		22H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education
Education, Enterprise
Windows Server 2016 2016-09-26 10.0 14393 — Supported
(2027-01-12) 		Redstone Server x86-64 Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter,
MultiPoint Premium,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup 		Server
Windows Server 2019 2018-10-02 10.0 17763 — Supported
(2029-01-09) 		Redstone 5 Server x86-64 Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter 		Server
Windows Server 2022 2021-08-18 10.0 20348 — Supported
(2031-10-14) 		21H2 Server x86-64 Essentials, Standard,
Datacenter,
Datacenter for Azure 		Server
Windows 11 Original Release 2021-10-05 10.0 22000 — Unsupported
(2023-10-10) 		Sunvalley (21H2) x86-64, ARM64 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE 		Desktop,
Workstation,
Multi-touch
Unsupported
(2024-10-08) 		Education, Enterprise
2022 Update 2022-09-20 22621 22H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE
Supported
(2025-10-14) 		Education, Enterprise
2023 Update 2023-10-31 22631 Supported
(2025-11-11) 		23H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE
Supported
(2026-11-10) 		Education, Enterprise
2024 Update 2024-10-01 26100 Supported
(2026-10-13) 		24H2 Home, Pro,
Pro for Workstations,
Pro Education, SE
Supported
(2027-10-12) 		Education, Enterprise
Windows Server 2025 2024-11-01 10.0 (or 26040) — TBA Supported (October 10, 2034) (23H2) renamed to 24H2 x86-64,

ARM64

Standard,

Datacenter

Server
Name Release date Version RTM build Latest build Support status Codename, working name Supported architectures Editions OS type
^N has also an N-edition
^K has also an N-edition
^KN has also an N-edition
^x64 has a separate x64-edition
^Core has also a Core-edition
^wHV has also an edition without HyperV
^CwHV has also a Core-edition without HyperV

Windows Embedded Compact

Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) is a discontinued variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE was a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is supported on Intel x86 and is compatible on MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.

Name Release date RTM build Current version Support status Codename Based on (kernel) Kernel type Operating environments Editions Purpose Short description
Windows CE 1.0 1996-11-16 Unsupported Pegasus, Alder CE 1.0 Embedded First release of Microsoft's Windows CE line for minimalistic computers and embedded systems
Windows CE 2.0 1997-11-29 Unsupported Mercury, Apollo CE 2.0 2.1, 2.11 Embedded
Windows CE 3.0 2000-06-15 Unsupported
(2007-10-09) 		Cedar, Galileo, Rapier, Merlin, Stinger CE 3.0 Embedded kernel Embedded
Windows CE 4.0 2002-01-07 Unsupported Talisker CE 4.0 4.1, 4.2 Embedded
Windows CE 5.0 2004-07-09 5.0
(2004-07-09) 		Unsupported
(2014-10-14) 		Macallan CE 5.0 Embedded kernel Embedded
Windows Embedded CE 6.0 2006-11-01 Unsupported
(2018-04-10) 		Yamazaki CE 6.0 Hybrid kernel
Windows Embedded Compact 7 2011-03-01 ? ? Unsupported
(2021-04-13) 		Chelan CE 7.0 Hybrid ?
Standard, POSReady
Windows Embedded Compact 2013 2013-08-11 Update 17
(2017-11-15) 		Unsupported
(2023-10-10) 		— CE 8.0 Standard
Industry (8.0, 8.1)
Handheld 		Embedded

Windows IoT

The Windows IoT family is the successor to the now-discontinued Windows Embedded family.

Name Release date Version RTM build Editions License OS type Support status
Windows 10 IoT Anniversary Update 2016-08-02 NT 10.0 14393 Core OEM IoT Unsupported
(2018-04-10)[3]
Enterprise Unsupported
(2019-04-09)[4]
Enterprise LTSB Supported
(2026-10-13)[5]
Creators Update 2017-04-11 15063 Core Unsupported
(2018-10-09)[3]
Enterprise Unsupported
(2019-10-08)[4]
Fall Creators Update 2017-10-17 16299 Core Unsupported
(2019-04-09)[3]
Enterprise Unsupported
(2020-10-13)[4]
April 2018 Update 2018-04-30 17134 Core Unsupported
(2019-11-12)[3]
Enterprise Unsupported
(2021-05-11)[4]
October 2018 Update 2018-10-02 17763 Core Unsupported
(2020-11-10)[3]
Enterprise Unsupported
(2021-05-11)[4]
Core LTSC, Enterprise LTSC Supported
(2029-01-09)[6][7]
May 2019 Update 2019-08-29 18362 Enterprise Unsupported
(2020-12-08)[4]
November 2019 Update 2019-11-12 18363 Unsupported
(2022-05-10)[4]
May 2020 Update 2020-05-27 19041 Unsupported
(2021-12-14)[4]
October 2020 Update 2020-10-20 19042 Unsupported
(2023-05-09)[4]
May 2021 Update 2021-05-18 19043 Unsupported
(2022-12-13)[4]
November 2021 Update 2021-11-16 19044 Enterprise Unsupported
(2024-06-11)[4]
Enterprise LTSC Supported
(2032-01-13)[8]
2022 Update 2022-10-18 19045 Enterprise Supported
(2025-10-14)[4]
Windows Server IoT 2019 2019-02-26[9] NT 10.0 17763 Essentials, Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup,
Telecommunications 		OEM IoT, Server Supported
(2029-01-09)[10][11]
Windows Server IoT 2022 2021-08-18[12][better source needed][dubious – discuss] NT 10.0 20348 Standard, Datacenter,
Storage Standard,
Storage Workgroup,
Telecommunications 		OEM IoT, Server Supported
(2031-10-14)[13]
Windows 11 IoT Original Release 2021-10-04 NT 10.0 22000 Enterprise OEM IoT Unsupported
(2024-10-08)[14]
2022 Update 2022-09-20 22621 Supported
(2025-10-14)[15]
2023 Update 2023-10-31 22631 Supported
(2026-11-10)[16]
2024 Update 2024-10-01 26100 Supported
(2027-10-12)
Name Release date Version RTM build Editions License OS type Support status

Windows Mobile

Windows Mobile is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name Release date RTM build Current version Support status Codename Based on (kernel) Supported architectures
Windows Pocket PC 2000 2000-04-19 Unsupported
(2007-10-09) 		Rapier CE 3.0
Windows Pocket PC 2002 2001-10-04 Unsupported
(2008-10-14) 		Merlin CE 3.0
Windows Mobile 2003 2003-06-23 Unsupported
(2014-07-08) 		Ozone CE 4.20
Windows Mobile 5.0 2005-05-9/12 Unsupported
(2015-10-13) 		Magneto CE 5.0
Windows Mobile 6.0 2007-02-12 Unsupported
(2013-01-08) 		Crossbow CE 5.2
Windows Mobile 6.1 2008-04-01
Windows Mobile 6.5 2009-05-11

Windows Phone

Windows Phone is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones.

Name Release date RTM build Current version Support status Codename Based on (kernel) Supported architectures
Windows Phone 7 2010-11-08 7004 7.10.8862 Unsupported Photon CE 6.0 ARM
Windows Phone 7.5 2011-09-27 7720 Unsupported Mango CE 6.1 ARM
Windows Phone 7.8 2013-02-01 8858 Unsupported
(2014-10-14) 		Tango CE 6.1 ARM
Windows Phone 8 2012-10-29 10211 10.0.10586 Unsupported
(2014-07-08) 		Apollo, Portico NT 6.2 ARM[citation needed]
Windows Phone 8.1 2014-04-14 12359 Unsupported
(2017-07-11) 		Blue NT 6.3 ARM
Windows 10 Mobile 2015-11-08 10586–16299 Unsupported Threshold, Redstone NT 10.0 ARM

Technical information

DOS shells

Name Architecture Integrated firewall SMP support USB support UDMA support LFN support Update management APIs Safe Mode
Windows 1.0 x86 16-bit No No No No No No Win16 No
Windows 2.0 x86 16-bit No No No No No No Win16 No
Windows 2.1x x86 16-bit No No No No No No Win16 No
Windows 3.0 x86 16-bit No No No No No No Win16 No
Windows 3.1x x86 16-bit (partial 32-bit compatibility through Win32s) No No No No No No Win16, Win32s No

Windows 9x

Name Kernel Kernel type Architecture Integrated firewall SMP support USB support UDMA support LFN support Update management APIs DDIs Safe Mode DirectX
Windows 95 MS-DOS 7.0 (Win95, Win95A), MS-DOS 7.1 (Win95B, Win95C) Monolithic kernel x86, hybrid 16/32-bit No No Partial (OSR 2.1/2.5 only)[17] Partial (OSR 2.x only)[18] Yes Windows Update Win16, Win32 DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (USB-only), direct-access Yes N/A (RTM/OSR1)
2.0a (OSR2/2.1)
5.0 (OSR2.5)
8.0a (optional)
Windows 98 MS-DOS 7.1 Monolithic kernel x86, hybrid 16/32-bit No No Yes Yes Yes Windows Update Win16, Win32 DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access Yes 5.2
9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows 98 Second Edition MS-DOS 7.1 Monolithic kernel x86, hybrid 16/32-bit No No Yes Yes Yes Windows Update Win16, Win32 DOS, DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access Yes 6.1a
9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)
Windows Me MS-DOS 8.0 Monolithic kernel x86, hybrid 16/32-bit No No Yes Yes Yes Windows Update Win16, Win32 DLL, VxD, WDM (partial), direct-access Yes 7.1
9.0c (Oct 2006) (optional)

It is possible to install the MS-DOS variants 7.0 and 7.1 without the graphics user interface of Windows. If an independent installation of both, DOS and Windows is desired, DOS ought to be installed prior to Windows, at the start of a small partition. The system must be transferred by the (dangerous) "SYSTEM" DOS-command, while the other files constituting DOS can simply be copied (the files located in the DOS-root and the entire COMMAND directory). Such a stand-alone installation of MS-DOS 8 is not possible, as it is designed to work as real mode for Windows Me and nothing else.

Windows NT

The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. It has run on IA-32, x64, DEC Alpha, MIPS architecture, PowerPC, Itanium, ARMv7, and ARM64 processors, but currently supported versions run on IA-32, x64, ARMv7, and ARM64.

Name Architecture Store Integrated firewall SMP support USB support UDMA support Long filename support Package management Update management APIs DDIs Safe Mode Data Execution Prevention DirectX
Windows NT 3.1 IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS — No Yes No ? Yes (NTFS and HPFS volumes only) — Win32, OS/2, POSIX DLL, KMD No No No
Windows NT 3.5 IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS — No Yes No ? Yes (except on CDFS volumes) — Win32, OS/2, POSIX DLL, KMD No No No
Windows NT 3.51 IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC — No Yes No ? Yes (except on CDFS volumes) — Win32, OS/2, POSIX DLL, KMD No No No
Windows NT 4.0 IA-32, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC — No Yes Yes (if the Ion USB update is installed) Yes Yes — Windows Update (if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed) Win32, OS/2, POSIX DLL, KMD No No Yes
3.0a,
5.0 (unofficial)
Windows 2000 IA-32 — No Yes Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP4)[19] Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32, OS/2, POSIX DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF Yes No Yes
7.0,
9.0c (Feb 2010) (optional)
Windows XP IA-32 (NT5.1), Itanium (NT5.1/5.2), x64 (NT5.2) — Yes Yes (Professional Edition only) Yes (USB 2.0 with update or SP1+)[20] Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32, .NET DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes (in SP2) Yes
9.0c
Windows Server 2003 IA-32, Itanium, x64 — Yes Yes Yes (USB 2.0)[21] Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32 DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes (with SP1) Yes
9.0c
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs IA-32 — Yes No Yes Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32 DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
9.0c
Windows Vista IA-32, x64 Windows Marketplace Yes Yes Yes (USB 2.0) Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32, .NET, POSIX (only Enterprise and Ultimate) DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
10.1
11.0 (optional)
Windows Server 2008 IA-32, Itanium, x64 — Yes Yes Yes (USB 2.0) Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32 DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
10.1
11.0 (optional)
Windows Home Server IA-32 — ? Yes Yes (USB 2.0) ? Yes — Windows Update Win32 DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 ? ? Yes
9.0c
Windows 7 IA-32, x64 — Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.0) Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32, .NET DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
11.0
11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2008 R2 Itanium, x64 — Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.0) Yes Yes — Windows Update, WSUS Win32, .NET DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
11.0
11.1 (optional)
Windows Home Server 2011 x64 — ? Yes Yes (USB 3.0) ? Yes — Windows Update Win32 DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 ? ? Yes
11.0
11.1 (optional)
Windows Server 2012 x64 Windows Store Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.0) Yes Yes Windows Store Windows Update, WSUS Win32, .NET, WinRT DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
11.1
Windows 8 IA-32, x64 Windows Store Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.0) Yes Yes Windows Store Windows Update, WSUS Win32, .NET, WinRT DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1 Yes Yes Yes
11.1
Windows 8.1 IA-32, x64 Windows Store Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.0) Yes Yes Windows Store, PowerShell Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store Win32, .NET, WinRT DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2 Yes Yes Yes
11.2
Windows Server 2012 R2 x64 Windows Store Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.0) Yes Yes Windows Store Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store Win32, .NET, WinRT DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2 Yes Yes Yes
11.2
Windows 10 IA-32, x64 Windows Store Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3) Yes Yes Windows Store, PowerShell Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store Win32, .NET, WinRT, Linux DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2 Yes Yes Yes
12
Windows Server 2016 x64 Windows Store Yes Yes Yes (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt 3) Yes Yes Windows Store Windows Update, WSUS, Windows Store Win32, .NET, WinRT DLL, KMD, WDM, KMDF, UMDFv1, UMDFv2 Yes Yes Yes
12

Windows Phone

Name Architecture Integrated firewall SMP support USB support UDMA support Package management APIs
Windows Phone 8 ARMv7 Yes Yes Yes (USB 2.0) Yes Windows Phone Store Silverlight
Windows Phone 8.1 ARMv7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Windows Phone Store Silverlight
WinRT
Windows 10 Mobile ARMv7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Microsoft Store

Supported file systems

Various versions of Windows support various file systems, including:FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, HPFS, or NTFS, along with network file systems shared from other computers, and the ISO 9660 and UDF file systems used for CDs, DVDs, and other optical disc drives such as Blu-ray. Each file system is usually limited in application to certain media, for example CDs must use ISO 9660 or UDF, and as of Windows Vista, NTFS is the only file system which the operating system can be installed on. Windows Embedded CE 6.0, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, and Windows Server 2008 onwards support exFAT, a file system more suitable for USB flash drives.

Windows 9x

FAT12 FAT16 FAT32 HPFS ISO 9660 NTFS UDF
Windows 95 Yes Yes Yes (OSR2 or above) Network Drive Yes Network Drive No
Windows 98 Yes Yes Yes Network Drive Yes Network Drive Yes (1.5, read)
Windows Me Yes Yes Yes Network Drive Yes Network Drive Yes (1.5, read)

Windows NT

FAT12 FAT16 FAT32 HPFS ISO 9660 NTFS exFAT UDF ReFS
Windows NT 3.1, 3.5, 3.51 Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes v1.0/v1.1 No ? No
Windows NT 4.0 Yes Yes No Partial Yes Yes v1.2 No ? No
Windows 2000 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v3.0 No Yes No
Windows XP Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v3.1 Optional Yes (2.01) No
Windows Server 2003 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v3.1 Optional Yes No
Windows Vista Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) No
Windows Server 2008 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes No
Windows 7 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes
Windows Server 2008 R2 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes
Windows Server 2012 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes
Windows 8 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) No
Windows 8.1 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes
Windows 10 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes
Windows Server 2016 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes v5 Yes Yes (2.6) Yes

Windows Phone

FAT12 FAT16 FAT32 HPFS ISO 9660 NTFS UDF (More Info) ReFS
Windows Phone 8 ? Yes Yes No ? Yes v5 ? No
Windows Phone 8.1 ? Yes Yes No ? Yes v5 ? No
Windows 10 Mobile ? Yes Yes No ? Yes v5 ? ?

Hardware requirements

Installing Windows requires an internal or external optical drive, or a USB flash drive. A keyboard and mouse are the recommended input devices, though some versions support a touchscreen. For operating systems prior to Vista, an optical drive must be capable of reading CD media, while in Windows Vista onwards, such a drive must be DVD-compatible. The drive may be detached after installing Windows.

Windows 9x

CPU RAM Free disk space
Windows 95 386 4 MB 120 MB
Windows 98 486 DX2 66 MHz 16 MB 300 MB
Windows Me (Millennium Edition) Pentium 150 MHz 32 MB 400 MB

Windows NT

Version CPU RAM Free disk space Video adapter and monitor
Minimum Recommended
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation 386, 25 MHz 8 MB 16 MB 90 MB VGA (640x480)
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation 486, 33 MHz 12 MB ? 110 MB
Windows 2000 Professional 133 MHz 32 MB 128 MB 650 MB
Windows XP 233 MHz 64 MB 128 MB 1.5 GB Super VGA (800x600)
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs 500 MB
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition 700 MHz Itanium[22] 1 GB[22] ? 6 GB[22]
Windows Server 2003 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64) 128 MB 256 MB 2 GB (x86)
4 GB (x64)
Windows Vista 800 MHz 384 MB (Starter)
512 MB (others)[23][dubious – discuss] 		2 GB 15 GB
(~6.5 GB for OS) 		Super VGA (800x600)
WDDM & DirectX 9 for Aero
Windows Server 2008 1 GHz (x86) or 1.4 GHz (x64) 2 GB 10 GB
Windows 7 1 GHz 1 GB (x86)
2 GB (x64) 		4 GB 16 GB (x86)
20 GB (x64)
(~6.5 GB for OS)
Windows Server 2012 1.4 GHz (x86-64) 512 MB 1 GB 10 GB Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
Windows 8 1 GHz 1 GB (x86)
2 GB (x64) 		4 GB 16 GB (x86)
20 GB (x64)
(~6.5 GB for OS) 		Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
1024 x 768 for Windows Store apps
1366 x 768 to snap apps
Windows 8.1
Windows 10 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC 1 GB (x86)
2 GB (x64) 		4 GB 16 GB (x86)
20 GB (x64) 		Super VGA (800x600), 32-bit color
Windows Server 2016 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[24] 		depends on role 32 GB
(~10 GB for OS) 		XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2019 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[24] 		depends on role 32 GB XGA (1024 x 768)
Windows Server 2022 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor 512 MB ECC memory
2 GB with Desktop Experience installed[25] 		depends on role 32 GB Super VGA (1024 x 768)
Windows 11 64-bit 1 GHz or faster processor or SoC with two or more cores 4 GB — 64 GB
(~10 GB for OS) 		720p greater than 9" diagonally, 32-bit color

Windows Phone

Version CPU RAM Free disk space Video adapter and monitor
Minimum Recommended
Windows Phone 7 0.8 GHz 256 MB — 4 GB Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8 1 GHz 512 MB — 8 GB Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows Phone 8.1 1 GHz 512 MB — 4 GB Wide VGA (800 × 480)
Windows 10 Mobile 1 GHz 1 GB 2 GB 8 GB Wide VGA (800 × 480)

Physical memory limits

Maximum limits on physical memory (RAM) that Windows can address vary depending on both the Windows version and between IA-32 and x64 versions.[26][27]

Windows

Operating system Limit on Real Mode Limit on Standard Mode Limit on Enhanced Mode
Windows 1.0x 640 KB — —
Windows 2.0x 640 KB — 16MB
Windows 2.1x 640 + 64 KB — 16MB
Windows 3.0x 640 + 64 KB 16MB 16MB
Windows 3.1x — 256MB[28] 256MB[28]
Windows 95 — — 944MB[29]
Windows 98 — — 1GB
Windows ME — — 1.5GB

Windows NT

Operating system Limit on IA-32 Limit in IA-64 Limit on x64 Limit on ARM32 Limit on ARM64
Windows NT 3.1 4 GB — — — —
Windows NT 3.5 4 GB — — — —
Windows NT 3.51 4 GB — — — —
Windows NT 4.0 4 GB — — — —
Windows 2000 Professional/Server 4 GB — — — —
Windows 2000 Advanced Server 8 GB — — — —
Windows 2000 Datacenter 32 GB — — — —
Windows XP Starter 512 MB — — — —
Windows XP Home 4 GB — — — —
Windows XP Professional 4 GB 128 GB 128 GB — —
Windows Server 2003 RTM Web 2 GB — — — —
Windows Server 2003 RTM Standard/Small Business 4 GB — — — —
Windows Server 2003 RTM Enterprise/Datacenter 64 GB 512 GB — — —
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003 — 32 GB — — —
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Standard 4 GB — 32 GB — —
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter 64 GB 1 TB 1 TB — —
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Standard 4GB — 32 GB — —
Windows Server 2003 R1/SP2 Enterprise/Datacenter 64 GB 2 TB 1 TB — —
Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Standard 4 GB — 32 GB — —
Windows Server 2003 R2/SP1 Enterprise/Datacenter 64 GB — 1 TB — —
Windows Vista Starter 1 GB — — — —
Windows Vista Home Basic 4 GB — 8 GB — —
Windows Vista Home Premium 4 GB — 16 GB — —
Windows Vista Business/Enterprise/Ultimate 4 GB — 128 GB — —
Windows Home Server 4 GB — — — —
Windows Server 2008 Web Server/Standard/Small Business 4 GB — 32 GB — —
Windows HPC Server 2008 — — 128 GB — —
Windows Server 2008 Enterprise/Datacenter 64 GB — 1 TB — —
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium–Based Systems — 2 TB — — —
Windows 7 Starter 2 GB — — — —
Windows 7 Home Basic 4 GB — 8 GB — —
Windows 7 Home Premium 4 GB — 16 GB — —
Windows 7 Professional/Enterprise/Ultimate 4 GB — 192 GB — —
Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation — — 8 GB — —
Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Server/Standard — — 32 GB — —
Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 — — 128 GB — —
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise/Datacenter — — 2 TB — —
Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium–Based Systems — 2 TB — — —
Windows 8 (Core) 4 GB — 128 GB — —
Windows 8 Pro/Enterprise 4 GB — 512 GB — —
Windows RT — — — 4 GB —
Windows Server 2012 Standard/Datacenter — — 4 TB — —
Windows Storage Server 2012 Standard — — 4 TB — —
Windows Storage Server 2012 Workgroup — — 32 GB — —
Hyper-V Server 2012 — — 4 TB — —
Windows 8.1 (Core) 4 GB — 128 GB — —
Windows 8.1 Pro/Enterprise 4 GB — 512 GB — —
Windows RT 8.1 — — — 4 GB —
Windows 10 Mobile 4 GB — — — —
Windows 10 Home 4 GB — 128 GB 4 GB 128 GB
Windows 10 Pro 4 GB — 2 TB 4 GB 2 TB
Windows 10 Pro for Workstations 4 GB — 6 TB 4 GB 6 TB
Windows 10 Education 4 GB — 2 TB 4 GB 2 TB
Windows 10 Enterprise 4 GB — 6 TB 4 GB 6 TB
Windows Server 2016 Essentials — — 64 GB — —
Windows Server 2016 Standard — — 24 TB — —
Windows Server 2016 Datacenter — — 24 TB — —
Windows Server 2019 Essentials — — 64 GB — —
Windows Server 2019 Standard — — 24 TB — —
Windows Server 2019 Datacenter — — 24 TB — —
Windows Server 2022 Essentials — — 64 GB — —
Windows Server 2022 Standard — — 24 TB — —
Windows Server 2022 Datacenter — — 24 TB — —
Windows 11 Home — — 128 GB — 128 GB
Windows 11 Pro — — 2 TB — 2 TB
Windows 11 Pro for Workstations — — 6 TB — 6 TB
Windows 11 Education — — 2 TB — 2 TB
Windows 11 Enterprise — — 6 TB — 6 TB

Security features

Resource access control Subsystem isolation mechanisms Integrated firewall Encrypted file systems Defender Windows Hello
Windows 2000 ACLs TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes (NTFS only) No No
Windows XP ACLs Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall (from SP2), TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes (NTFS only) Optional No
Windows Server 2003 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Optional No
Windows Vista ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows Server 2008 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows 7 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows Server 2012 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows 8 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows Server 2012 R2 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows 8.1 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes No
Windows 10 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes Yes
Windows Server 2016 ACLs, Privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering, IPSec Yes Yes Yes

Features

Version Shell Visual styles Browser Web server Windows Media Player Command-line interpreter
Windows 1.0 MS-DOS executive (Unnamed) — — — —
Windows 2.0 MS-DOS executive (Unnamed) — — — —
Windows 3.0 Program Manager (Unnamed) — — 3.0 (Multimedia Extension edition only) —
Windows 3.1x Program Manager (Unnamed) — — 3.1 —
Windows 95 Windows shell Classic Internet Explorer 1 in OEM RTM
Internet Explorer 2 in OSR1
Internet Explorer 3 in OSR2 and OSR2.1
Internet Explorer 4 in OSR2.5 		— 4.0 COMMAND.COM
Windows NT 4.0 Windows shell Classic Internet Explorer 2
Internet Explorer 3 (in some localized editions) 		PWS 4.0 COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe
Windows 98 Windows shell Classic Internet Explorer 4.01 PWS 4.0 COMMAND.COM
Windows 98 SE Windows shell Classic Internet Explorer 5 PWS 4.0 COMMAND.COM
Windows 2000 Windows shell Classic Internet Explorer 5.01 IIS 5.0 5.0 and 6.4 (side by side) COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe
Windows Me Windows shell Classic Internet Explorer 5.5 — 6.4 and 7.0 (side by side) COMMAND.COM
Windows XP Windows shell Luna (default), Classic Internet Explorer 6 IIS 5.1 5.1, 6.4 and 8 (in RTM)
5.1, 6.4 and 9 (in SP2) 		COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2003 Windows shell Classic (default), Luna Internet Explorer 6 IIS 6.0 9 (in RTM), 10 (in SP1) COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows Vista Windows shell Aero (default), Classic Internet Explorer 7 IIS 7 11 COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows Server 2008 Windows shell, Server Core Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience") Internet Explorer 7 IIS 7 11 (enabled by installing "Desktop Experience") COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell (optional)
Windows 7 Windows shell Aero (default), Classic Internet Explorer 8 IIS 7.5 12 COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 2.0
Windows Server 2008 R2 Windows shell, Server Core Classic (default), Aero (via "Desktop Experience") Internet Explorer 8 IIS 7.5 12 (via "Desktop Experience") cmd.exe,
PowerShell 2.0
Windows Server 2012 Windows shell, Server Core Metro Internet Explorer 10 IIS 8 12 (via "Desktop Experience") cmd.exe,
PowerShell 3.0
Windows 8 Windows shell Metro Internet Explorer 10 IIS 8 12 COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 3.0
Windows Server 2012 R2 Windows shell, Windows server core Metro Internet Explorer 11 IIS 8.5 12 (via "Desktop Experience") cmd.exe,
PowerShell 4.0
Windows 8.1 Windows shell Metro Internet Explorer 11 IIS 8.5 12 COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 4.0
Windows 10 Windows shell Metro Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge 		IIS 10.0 12 COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.0
Windows Server 2016 Windows shell, Windows server core Metro Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge 		IIS 10.0 12 (via "Desktop Experience") cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.1
Windows Server 2019 Windows shell, Windows server core Metro Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge 		IIS 10.0 12 (via "Desktop Experience") cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.1
Windows Server 2022 Windows shell, Windows server core Metro Internet Explorer 11
Microsoft Edge 		IIS 10.0 12 (via "Desktop Experience") cmd.exe,
PowerShell 5.1
Windows 11 Windows shell Mica Internet Explorer 11(Hidden)
Microsoft Edge 		IIS 10.0 12 (2022) COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe,
PowerShell v.1

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of Microsoft Windows
Timeline of Windows versions
Windows 1.0Windows 2.0Windows 2.1xWindows 3.0Windows 3.1xWindows 3.1xWindows NT 3.1Windows NT 3.5Windows NT 3.51Windows 95Windows NT 4.0Windows 98Windows NT 4.0Windows 2000Pocket PC 2000Windows MePocket PC 2002Windows XPWindows XPWindows Server 2003Windows Mobile 2003Windows Mobile 5.0Windows Embedded IndustryWindows Server 2003 R2Windows Mobile 6.0Windows VistaWindows Home ServerWindows Mobile 6.1Windows Server 2008Windows Embedded IndustryWindows Mobile 6.5Windows 7Windows Server 2008 R2Windows MultiPoint ServerWindows Phone 7Windows Home Server 2011Windows MultiPoint ServerWindows Embedded IndustryWindows Server 2012Windows 8Windows Phone 8Windows MultiPoint ServerWindows Embedded 8 IndustryWindows 8.1Windows Embedded 8.1 IndustryWindows Server 2012 R2Windows Phone 8.1Windows 10 (original release)Windows 10 (original release)Windows IoTWindows 10, version 1511Windows 10 Mobile version historyWindows 10, version 1607Windows 10 Mobile version historyWindows 10, version 1607Windows IoTWindows Server 2016Windows 10, version 1703Windows 10 Mobile version historyWindows 10, version 1709Windows 10 Mobile version historyWindows 10, version 1803Windows 10, version 1809Windows 10, version 1809Windows IoTWindows Server 2019Windows IoTWindows 10, version 1903Windows 10, version 1909Windows 10, version 2004Windows 10, version 20H2Windows 10, version 21H1Windows Server 2022Windows IoTWindows 11, version 21H2Windows 10, version 21H2Windows 10, version 21H2Windows IoTWindows 11, version 22H2Windows 10, version 22H2Windows 11, version 23H2Windows 11, version 24H2Windows 11, version 24H2Windows IoT

See also

Other lists

Windows clones and emulators

  • Freedows OS–Windows clone
  • ReactOS–project to develop an operating system that is binary compatible with application software and device drivers for Microsoft Windows NT version 5.x
  • Wine (software)–compatibility layer which allows to execute programs that were originally written for Microsoft Windows

References

  1. ^ "Product Lifecycle Dates-Windows Product Family". Microsoft. Archived from the original on June 11, 2004. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  2. ^ "Windows NT 3.5 for PowerPC". November 9, 1994. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Windows 10 IoT Core - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise - Microsoft Lifecycle". Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  5. ^ "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSB 2016 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  6. ^ "Windows 10 IoT Core LTSC - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  7. ^ "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2019 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  8. ^ "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2021 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  9. ^ "Microsoft announces latest Windows IoT innovations for intelligent edge devices at Embedded World". February 26, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019.
  10. ^ "Windows Server IoT 2019 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  11. ^ "Windows Server IoT 2019 for Storage - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  12. ^ "Announcing the GA of Windows Server IoT 2022". Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  13. ^ "Windows Server IoT 2022 - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  14. ^ "Windows 11 IoT Enterprise (Version 21H2) - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  15. ^ "Windows 11 IoT Enterprise - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
  16. ^ "Windows 11 IoT Enterprise - Microsoft Lifecycle". Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  17. ^ "Availability of Universal Serial Bus Support in Windows 95". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005.
  18. ^ "How to Enable Direct Memory Access (DMA)". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on June 27, 2006.
  19. ^ "Updated USB 2.0 Drivers Are Available in Windows 2000 Service Pack 4 (SP4)". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  20. ^ Jones, Don (August 5, 2002). "USB 2.0 Support in Windows XP:High Speed at Last". Microsoft. Archived from the original on December 31, 2004. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  21. ^ "USB 2.0 and Windows Operating Systems". Windows Hardware Development. May 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2011. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  22. ^ a b c "Release Notes for Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Setup". Microsoft. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  23. ^ "Windows Vista Starter Fact Sheet". Microsoft. January 2007. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007.
  24. ^ a b "System Requirements". docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  25. ^ "Hardware requirements for Windows Server". docs.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  26. ^ "What is the maximum amount of RAM the Windows operating system can handle?". Crucial. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  27. ^ "Memory Limits for Windows and Windows Server Releases". Microsoft. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2012.
  28. ^ a b "Q84388: Windows 3.1 Memory Limits". December 15, 2022.
  29. ^ "Windows 95/98 error "Insufficient memory to initialize Windows" - IBM IntelliStation M Pro (Type 6889)". IBM. December 15, 2022.
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Basic Computing Using Windows

Read other articles:

Logam miskin

Logam miskin atau logam pascatransisi adalah unsur logam dari blok-p dari tabel periodik, posisinya di antara metaloid dan logam transisi dalam tabel periodik. Mereka lebih elektropositif dari logam transisi, tetapi kurang dibanding dengan logam alkali dan logam alkali tanah. Titik leleh dan titik didih mereka biasanya lebih rendah dibanding dengan logam transisi, dan mereka lebih lunak. Unsur Logam Miskin Unsur yang termasuk kedalam logam miskin adalah aluminium (Al), galium (Ga), indium (In), …

Perdita (satelit)

Perdita (satelit) adalah satelit alami dari planet Uranus. Uranus, adalah sebuah planet ketujuh dari Tata Surya, memiliki 27 bulan yang diketahui, yang semuanya dinamai karakter dari karya-karya William Shakespeare dan Alexander Pope. Referensi http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus&Display=Moons Diarsipkan 2014-07-28 di Wayback Machine.

Gempa tumbukan

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Gempa tumbukan atau gempa jatuhan adalah gempa bumi yang terjadi akibat adanya tumbukan permukaan Bumi dengan benda luar angkasa yang jatuh di Bumi. Jenis benda luar angkasa ini umumnya meteor atau asteroid. Kekuatan gempa selama tumbukan dapat kecil maup…

Diplôme d'études approfondies

Cet article possède un paronyme, voir Diplôme de recherche et d'études appliquées. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Diplôme d'études et DEA. Diplôme d'études approfondies Lieu France Établissement Université Direction Ministère chargé de l'enseignement supérieur Sélection Diplômes ou concours requis diplôme (Maîtrise) Diplôme Durée de la formation 1 an Diplôme délivré Diplôme d'études approfondies Niveau délivré niveau 7 CEC Reconnu pays francophones Débouchés Pr…

South Korea at the 2000 Summer Olympics

Sporting event delegationSouth Korea at the2000 Summer OlympicsIOC codeKORNOCKorean Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.sports.or.kr (in Korean and English)in SydneyCompetitors281 (175 men and 106 women) in 26 sportsFlag bearer Jeong Eun-soonMedalsRanked 12th Gold 8 Silver 10 Bronze 10 Total 28 Summer Olympics appearances (overview)19481952195619601964196819721976198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024 South Korea competed as Korea at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. Ath…

RMS Queen Mary 2

Queen Mary 2 keluar dengan tujuan Southhampton-New York 2 September 2013. Sejarah Nama RMS Queen Mary 2Asal nama Ratu MaryPemilik Carnival plc[1]Operator Cunard LineRegistrasi list error: <br /> list (help)2004–2011: Southampton,  Britania Raya2011–kini: Hamilton, Bermuda (Britania)[2]Dipesan 6 November 2000Pembangun STX Europe Chantiers de l'Atlantique, Saint-Nazaire, PrancisBiaya list error: <br /> list (help)UK £460 million (€700 million) (US$…

Phenanthridine

Phenanthridine Names Preferred IUPAC name Phenanthridine[1] Identifiers CAS Number 229-87-8 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:36421 N ChemSpider 8834 N ECHA InfoCard 100.005.396 EC Number 205-934-4 PubChem CID 9189 UNII 62QGS7CPS6 Y CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID3074288 InChI InChI=1S/C13H9N/c1-2-6-11-10(5-1)9-14-13-8-4-3-7-12(11)13/h1-9H NKey: RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N NInChI=1/C13H9N/c1-2-6-11-10(5-1)9-14-13-8-4-3-7-12(11)13/h1-9HKey:…

Qlik

Software company whose main products are QlikView and Qlik Sense This article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments, a violation of Wikipedia's terms of use. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. (September 2020) QlikCompany typePrivateIndustrySoftwareFounded1993; 31 years ago (1993)HeadquartersKing of Prussia, Pennsylvania, U.S.Key peopleMike Capone (CEO)ProductsBusiness intelligence…

Frankie Muniz

Frankie MunizLahirFrancisco James Frankie Muniz IVPekerjaanaktorTahun aktif1997-sekarangSuami/istriElycia Marie (2007-sekarang) Francisco James Frankie Muniz IV (lahir 5 Desember 1985) adalah aktor asal Amerika Serikat. Ia berperan sebagai Cody Banks dalam film Agent Cody Banks 2003. Ia kembali berperan sebagai Cody Banks dalam film Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004). Filmografi Tahun Film Peran Catatan 1997 What the Deaf Man Heard Young Sammy 1999 Lost & Found Boy in TV Movi…

Luigi Antonio del Palatinato-Neuburg

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento vescovi tedeschi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Luigi Antonio del Palatinato-Neuburgarcivescovo della Chiesa cattolicaJan Frans van Douven, Ritratto di Luigi Antonio del Palatinato (1690/1694); olio su tela, 79x64 cm, Galleria Palatina.  Incarichi ricoperti Gran maestro dell'Ordine teutonico (1684-16…

Harran

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Haran. Untuk Pertempuran, lihat Pertempuran Harran. Harran حرانܚܪܐܢHarranLokasi Harran di TurkiTampilkan peta TurkeyHarranHarran (Near East)Tampilkan peta Near EastKoordinat: 36°52′39″N 39°02′02″E / 36.87750°N 39.03389°E / 36.87750; 39.03389Koordinat: 36°52′39″N 39°02′02″E / 36.87750°N 39.03389°E / 36.87750; 39.03389Negara TurkiKawasanAnatolia TenggaraProvinsiŞanlıurfaPemerintahan…

Radio Rodja

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini mungkin mengandung riset asli. Anda dapat membantu memperbaikinya dengan memastikan pernyataan yang dibuat dan menambahkan referensi. Per…

List of savoury puddings

This is a list of notable savoury puddings, defined as a savoury dish consisting of various ingredients baked, steamed, or boiled into a solid mass. Puddings This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Name Image Origin Description Black pudding United Kingdom A classic addition to the full breakfast, this is a sausage made from pig blood. Blodpalt Sweden A use-up pudding made from meat…

Peter Linz

American puppeteer Peter LinzLinz at the 2011 Dragon ConBorn (1967-06-28) June 28, 1967 (age 56)Decatur, Georgia, U.S.Other namesGeorge BaileyOccupationPuppeteerYears active1989–presentSpouses Marlene E. Rudy ​ ​(m. 1993; died 2016)​ Alice Dinnean ​(m. 2023)​[1] Children3[2] Peter Linz (born June 28, 1967) is an American puppeteer and voice actor.[3] Known for his work with the M…

Административное деление Сент-Люсии

Административная карта Сент-Люсии В административном отношении Сент-Люсия подразделяется на 11 приходов (англ. quarters). В каждом из них имеются органы местного самоуправления — городские и деревенские советы и управления. Общие сведения № Приход Адм. центр Площадь,км² …

Pulau Nyamuk Kecil

Pulau Nyamuk KecilNegaraIndonesiaGugus kepulauanKepulauan SeribuProvinsiDKI JakartaKabupatenKepulauan SeribuLuas- km²Populasi- Pulau Nyamuk Kecil adalah sebuah pulau yang terletak di Kepulauan Seribu di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Indonesia. Lihat pula Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu Kepulauan Seribu Pranala luar Situs resmi Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu Diarsipkan 2017-02-22 di Wayback Machine. lbsPulau di Kepulauan Seribu Pulau Air Besar Pulau Air Kecil Pulau Ayer …

爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽

爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽ედუარდ შევარდნაძე第2任格鲁吉亚總統任期1995年11月26日—2003年11月23日前任茲維亞德·加姆薩胡爾季阿继任米哈伊尔·萨卡什维利苏联外交部部长任期1985年7月2日—1990年12月20日总书记米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫前任安德烈·葛罗米柯继任亚历山大·别斯梅尔特内赫 个人资料出生(1928-01-25)1928年1月25日苏联外高加索苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国古里…

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）[2…

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）[2…

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会马来西亚代表团

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会马来西亚代表團马来西亚国旗IOC編碼MASNOC马来西亚奥林匹克理事会網站olympic.org.my（英文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員30參賽項目10个大项旗手开幕式：李梓嘉和吳柳螢（羽毛球）[1][2]閉幕式：潘德莉拉（跳水）[3]獎牌榜排名第74 金牌 銀牌 銅牌 …

Taral Wayne
Pelegrina orestes
Satuan Darat Grup Tengah
/profillengkap.com/index.php/vi/Cục Kinh tế, Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/K808 White Tiger
Reliance Communications
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Hamad bin Mohammed Al Al-Sheikh
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/James Thorpe (academic)
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Texas Tech Sports Network
/profillengkap.com/index.php/en/Battle of Olongapo
/profillengkap.com/index.php/article/Susanville, Oregon
Fox Crime
Marco Ureña
HMS Repulse (1916)
In Marge We Trust
35 Boys 5 Concepts
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
Bartolomeo Gradenigo
Jordan Foranda
Eta Andromedae
Eunidia subannulicornis
Asia Pacific Screen Awards ke-3
Eumenes
Cho-Ten
I Can't Make You Love Me
Sejarah Jawa Timur
Unione Sportiva Fiumana
2020–21 Providence Friars women's ice hockey season
Kinetoskop
2017–18 NCAA Division I women's ice hockey season
1952–53 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team
Afan Gaffar
Les Villages Vovéens
Gopal Khanna
KBS World
Festival Film Bandung 2017
Suoh, Bandar Negeri Suoh, Lampung Barat
Paul Clark (footballer)
Charles Thomas (Delaware governor)
Daingerfield, Texas
العلاقات الأسترالية الأردنية
Balazé
2013 Cotton Bowl Classic
1997–98 Danish Cup
Provinsi Aljir
War Office
2017 National Invitation Tournament
Social class in Colombia
Keisuke Hayashi
Günter Verheugen
العلاقات الكويتية المارشالية
Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
Industry, Missouri
غينيا بيساو
1956–57 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team
Marlin Luanda missile strike
Stanford Research Park
Template talk:Elections in Wyoming sidebar
Timeline of Class I railroads (1930–1976)
Jacques Clamorgan
Francis Merlant
2018 Minnesota House of Representatives election
Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet
WCTX
Recent human evolution
Template talk:US-novelist-1940s-stub
Laura Bernat
Mollia
Surat Basin
John Donald Smith
Paintbrush
العلاقات الأوزبكستانية البنمية
2010 in paleontology
KNIC-DT
1913–14 Rochdale A.F.C. season
List of Seattle Mariners first-round draft picks
Hiroki Sakai
Fernando Marçal
Life on Earth (TV series)
1943 Major League Baseball season
Tazza da cappuccino
Wasquehal
Action Against Hunger
Blüthner
Bren light machine gun
Dipping sauce
Sankighatta
Swiss Broadcasting Corporation
Khosrov II of Armenia
Fencibles
Wavelet
Rehti
River Leadon
Sustainable fishery
Thomas Crane (1843–1903)
Geert van Beijeren
1922 Southern Rhodesian government referendum
Third siege of Gibraltar
Philippe Harel
Portal A Interactive
Sindiran Perdagangan
France–Germany football rivalry
Katsabadianos
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Puhpelem, Wonogiri
Rajkot International Airport
2008 Beni Amrane bombings
Brazil during World War I
2015 Tour de Romandie
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant
Douglas H. Johnston
Arcadia, North Carolina
Springfield, Kentucky
Template talk:War
Template talk:Presidents of Iraq
Wilsman, Illinois
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Ben Garrison
Sarmin
John W. Heston
Larry Zbyszko
Template talk:Arctic topics
Viddsee
Regiones de Italia
1828 dans les chemins de fer
Praetor peregrinus
Patih Jepara, Ambalau, Sintang
Miss World riots
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Oksana Voevodina
2CD-5EtO
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/en/Water supply and sanitation in Zambia
1984 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
Screen sports
Sing! China season 3
Yummy Yummy
Latina (Italie)
USS Reuben James (FFG-57)
1942 New York Giants season
Schwegenheim
Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale
Hong Yoon Hwa
UAAP Season 78 basketball tournaments
نمر بنغالي في حديقة حيوان بغداد
1998 in chess
Division 1 1950-1951
Enrichetta Adelaide di Savoia
Todd Bridges
Manfred Kupferschmied
أندريا غيز
André Benedetto
Auwon language
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Kedondong Raye, Banyuasin III, Banyuasin
James H. Miller Jr. Electric Generating Plant
Fjærland Church
John Scalzi
Diribe Welteji
John Petitbon
Optimistic (Skeeter Davis song)
Statue of Paul Bunyan (Portland, Oregon)
John Henry Lewis
Castle Rock Entertainment
Merlin (miniseries)
Гражданская война в Империи инков
1974 Pacific hurricane season
Хронология истории России
Kasayapahuda
The Show-Off
قرار مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة رقم 1264
Laufa
Gerhard Jan Palthe
We the Kings
Ken Kesey
Road America 180
Loch of Tankerness
As Heard on Radio Soulwax Pt. 2
Sinpyeong station
Hiroki Yamamoto (rugby union)
Clash of the Titans (2010 film)
/kampuspedia.com/index.php/Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Tanggamus
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
2001 Italian general election
Dragan Lovrić
Mean
Supreme Federal Court
National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska
2015 WRC2 Championship
Micro-onde
Gerbang jaringan
Aek Badak Jae, Sayur Matinggi, Tapanuli Selatan
دوائر المحاصيل
Actuación
Bernard Lafayette
Mayoret
Church of Christ in China Kei Long College
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
2008 NCAA Bowling Championship
List of power stations in Senegal
Lia Ashmore
Maneige
The Virginia Informer
Peano axioms
Stagenhoe
Esposizione universale
Japan–Turkey relations
2024 FIFA Series
Kunitomi, Miyazaki
73rd British Academy Film Awards
Jo Siffert
2023 in Seychelles
Battle of Bicocca
Lauris Norstad
Stop! Look! Listen!
A Distant Shore (album)
Kieran Doherty (hunger striker)
Steel wool
Stoke Mandeville Hospital
Monique Taylor
Herry Wirawan
Wangunjaya, Bungbulang, Garut
1964 Republican National Convention
Newland, North Carolina
Kiren Rijiju
Émeutes de la faim de 1947 en France
Cabal
New Zealand Kennel Club
América de Cali (women)
Historia del caballo en el sur de Asia
Utility
Donald Burke
Rijeka Carnival
2022 Filmfare OTT Awards
Menkheperre
Alfred Stepan
Busselton Margaret River Airport
Balaknama
الدوري المغربي لكرة القدم 2023–24
Electronic Music Awards
Perry McGillivray
2007 NLL season
Superliga 2014-2015 (Serbia)
Tesco Clubcard
Wheel speed sensor
FIA European Truck Racing Championship
Rugby op de Olympische Zomerspelen
AKR7A3
Woolworth Estate
St. Maximilian, Munich
Franz Turchi
1999 RP28
Contea di Cherry
Joseph Fiennes
Chae Soo-bin
Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya