Corycidia

Corycidia
	Trichosphaerium sieboldi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Phylum:	Amoebozoa
Class:	Tubulinea
Clade:	Corycidia; Kang et al., 2017
Clades
	Microcoryciidae; Trichosida;

Corycidia (alternatively spelt Corycida) is a clade of amoeboid protists within the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa. It contains all amoebae of the families Microcoryciidae, which was previously regarded as Arcellinida (an order of testate amoebae), and Trichosphaeriidae, which contains the sole genus Trichosphaerium.

Taxonomy

Corycidia is defined as the least inclusive clade containing Amphizonella, Diplochlamys and Trichosphaerium. It was discovered in 2017 through a phylogenomic study by Senghuo Kang and coauthors, published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution.^[1] It is supported by independent analyses.^[2] As of 2019, it is accepted by the International Society of Protistologists as part of the modern cladistic classification of eukaryotes, although under the alternative spelling Corycida.^[3] The name Corycidia is derived from Latin corium 'leathery', referring to the "leathery" test that members of the clade have.^[1]

Evolution

Corycidia is located in the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa, specifically inside the clade Tubulinea which unites most lobose amoebae (i.e. amoebae with blunt, thick pseudopodia). It is the most basal tubulinean lineage. The following cladogram depicts the phylogenetic position of Corycidia among other amoebozoan clades.^[1]^[2]

	Arcellinida

	Euamoebida

Leptomyxida

Corycida

	Trichosida

	Microcoryciidae

	Evosea

	Discosea

Classification

A total of 7 genera are included within Corycidia, traditionally organized into two families: Trichosphaeriidae (one genus Trichosphaerium), under the monotypic order Trichosida, and Microcoryciidae (six genera), previously assigned to the order Arcellinida. Only three genera are firmly placed in Corycidia through phylogenetic analyses: Amphizonella, Diplochlamys and Trichosphaerium.^[1] The position of the genera Penardochlamys, Microcorycia, Zonomyxa and Parmulina, listed as part of the family Microcoryciidae,^[4] is not clear. They have been tentatively placed in Corycidia due to a morphological resemblance, but it has not been demonstrated with molecular data.^[3]

Trichosida Möbius, 1889
- Trichosphaeriidae Sheehan & Banner, 1973
  - Trichosphaerium Schneider, 1878 (=Pontifex, Atrichosa)
Microcoryciidae de Saedeleer, 1934
- Amphizonella Greeff, 1866
- Diplochlamys Greeff, 1888
- Microcorycia Cockerell, 1911
- Penardochlamys Deflandre, 1953
- Zonomyxa Nusslin, 1882
- Parmulina Penard, 1902

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kang, Seungho; Tice, Alexander K; Spiegel, Frederick W; Silberman, Jeffrey D; Pánek, Tomáš; Čepička, Ivan; Kostka, Martin; Kosakyan, Anush; Alcântara, Daniel M C; Roger, Andrew J; Shadwick, Lora L; Smirnov, Alexey; Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Lahr, Daniel J G; Brown, Matthew W (September 2017). "Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (9): 2258–2270. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx162. PMC 5850466. PMID 28505375.
^ ^a ^b Tekle YI, Wang F, Wood FC, Anderson OR, Smirnov A (2022). "New insights on the evolutionary relationships between the major lineages of Amoebozoa". Sci Rep. 12 (11173): 11173. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1211173T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15372-7. PMC 9249873. PMID 35778543. S2CID 247231712.
^ ^a ^b Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q (2019). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. PMC 6492006. PMID 30257078.
^ Kosakyan, Anush; Gomaa, Fatma; Lara, Enrique; J.G. Lahr, Daniel (2016). "Current and future perspectives on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of testate amoebae". European Journal of Protistology. 55 (Part B): 105–117. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2016.02.001.

[BetweenPod-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kang, Seungho; Tice, Alexander K; Spiegel, Frederick W; Silberman, Jeffrey D; Pánek, Tomáš; Čepička, Ivan; Kostka, Martin; Kosakyan, Anush; Alcântara, Daniel M C; Roger, Andrew J; Shadwick, Lora L; Smirnov, Alexey; Kudryavtsev, Alexander; Lahr, Daniel J G; Brown, Matthew W (September 2017). "Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (9): 2258–2270. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx162. PMC 5850466. PMID 28505375.

[Divosa-2] Tekle YI, Wang F, Wood FC, Anderson OR, Smirnov A (2022). "New insights on the evolutionary relationships between the major lineages of Amoebozoa". Sci Rep. 12 (11173): 11173. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1211173T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15372-7. PMC 9249873. PMID 35778543. S2CID 247231712.

[Adl_2019-3] Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, Zhang Q (2019). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/jeu.12691. PMC 6492006. PMID 30257078.

[Kosakyan_perspectives-4] Kosakyan, Anush; Gomaa, Fatma; Lara, Enrique; J.G. Lahr, Daniel (2016). "Current and future perspectives on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of testate amoebae". European Journal of Protistology. 55 (Part B): 105–117. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2016.02.001.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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Corycidia

Taxonomy

Evolution

Classification

References

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