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Crossclaim

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Civil procedure in the United States
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Doctrines of civil procedure
Jurisdiction
Subject-matter (Federal question Diversity Supplemental Removal) Personal (In personam In rem Quasi in rem)
Venue
Change of venue Forum non conveniens
Pleadings
Complaint (Cause of action Case Information Statement Class action (2005 Act) ) Demurrer Answer (affirmative defense) Reply Counterclaim Crossclaim Joinder Indispensable party Impleader Interpleader Intervention Other motions
Pretrial procedure
Discovery Initial conference Interrogatories Depositions Request for admissions Request for production
Resolution without trial
Default judgment Summary judgment Voluntary dismissal Involuntary dismissal Settlement
Trial
Parties plaintiff defendant Pro se Jury (voir dire) Burden of proof Judgment (As a matter of law (JMOL) Renewed JMOL Notwithstanding verdict (JNOV) Motion to set aside De novo (new trial) ) Remedy (Injunction Damages Attorney's fee (American rule English rule) Declaratory judgment)
Appeal
Mandamus Certiorari
v t e

A crossclaim is a claim asserted between codefendants or coplaintiffs in a case and that relates to the subject of the original claim or counterclaim according to Black's Law Dictionary. A crossclaim is filed against someone who is a co-defendant or co-plaintiff to the party who originates the crossclaim. In common law, a crossclaim is a demand made in a pleading that is filed against a party which is on the "same side" of the lawsuit.^[1]

U.S. federal courts

In the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure this is codified in Rule 13(g). In the federal rules, a crossclaim is proper if it relates to a matter of the original jurisdiction. Proper jurisdiction is determined by a finding of whether the suit that is being initiated arises from the same transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the suit.

Crossclaims, like joinder generally, can promote efficient, consistent resolutions of disputes by permitting all claims arising from the same set of facts to be resolved in a single legal proceeding. This conserves the resources of the parties and the courts, by requiring fewer cases to be filed and litigated. It also reduces the risk of inconsistent results that can arise when multiple actions are based on the same or similar facts.^[2]

Nevertheless, crossclaims in U.S. federal courts are always permissive; that is, they may be raised if they are proper, but they do not have to be, and the failure to assert a crossclaim in a given action will not bar that claim from being litigated in the future.^[3] This is different from counterclaims, which are between parties that are already on opposing sides of the lawsuit. Under some circumstances, counterclaims are compulsory and must be brought in the initial action or else will be forfeited.^[2]

References

^ Glannon, Joseph W. (2013). Glannon Guide to Civil Procedure. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 9781454838227.
^ ^a ^b Arthur F. Greenbaum, Jacks or Better to Open: Procedural Limitations on Co-Party and Third-Party Claims, 74 Minn. L. Rev. 507, 543 (1990); Wright, Miller, & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure, Sec. 1431
^ 3 Moore's Federal Practice - Civil § 13.70 (2021)

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