Genus of plants
Dichanthelium genus of flowering plants of the grass family, Poaceae . They are known commonly as rosette grasses and panicgrasses .[ 1]
Taxonomy
Formerly a subgenus of the genus Panicum Dichanthelium was elevated to genus status in 1974.[ 2] Panicum by some authorities, because the two genera are very similar in form.[ 3] Dichanthelium as a separate genus.[ 3]
The name Dichanthelium originates from the Greek for "twice-flowering", in reference to the vernal and autumnal growth phases.[ 4]
Description
These are perennial grasses, sometimes with rhizomes . The grasses may overwinter as rosettes of short, wide leaves and then produce longer, wider leaves on the stem during spring. They produce hollow stems a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are upright to erect when new, then sometimes sprawling, spreading, and bending as the season progresses. The upper stems may have a few main branches that divide into smaller branches bearing panicles . There are primary panicles, which may be chasmogamous , and secondary panicles, which are often cleistogamous . The spikelets are roughly 1 to 5 millimeters long and lack awns .[ 3]
In the Chicago area, Dichanthelium is considered the most emblematic genus of the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plain disjunct habitat found in that region.[ 4] [ 5]
Species
There are about 72 species in the genus.[ 3] [ 1] [ 3] [ 6] [ 7]
Dichanthelium leibergii Dichanthelium laxiflorum Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon Dichanthelium acuminatum sericeum Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – needleleaf rosette grass, narrow-leaved panicgrassDichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould &C.A. Clark – tapered rosette grass, hotsprings rosette grass, hairy panicgrassDichanthelium adenorhachis (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium aequivaginatum (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium albomaculatum (Scribn.) Gould Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium assurgens (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann – northern panicgrassDichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark – Bosc's panicgrassDichanthelium cabrerae (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll Dichanthelium caparoense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium chamaelonche (Trin.) Freckmann & Lelong – small-seeded panicgrassDichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould – deertongueDichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann Dichanthelium commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould – variable panicgrassDichanthelium congestum (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium conjugens (Skottsb.) C.A.Clark & Gould Dichanthelium cordovense (E.Fourn.) Davidse Dichanthelium cucaense (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium cumbucana (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium cynodon (Reichardt) C.A.Clark & Gould – tussock panicgrassDichanthelium davidsei (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould – starved panicgrassDichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould – cypress panicgrass, forked panicgrassDichanthelium ensifolium (Baldwin ex Elliott) Gould – sword-leaf panicgrassDichanthelium forbesii (Hitchc.) C.A. Clark & Gould Dichanthelium fusiforme (Hitchc.) Harvill Dichanthelium hebotes (Trin.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium heliophilum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium hillebrandianum (Hitchc.) C.A.Clark & Gould – bog rosette grassDichanthelium hirstii (Swallen) Kartesz – Hirst's panicgrassDichanthelium implicatum (Scribn.) Kerguélen Dichanthelium isachnoides (Munro ex Hillebrand) C.A.Clark & Gould – Maui rosette grassDichanthelium itatiaiae (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium joori (Vasey) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium koolauense (H.St.John & Hosaka ) C.A.Clark & Gould – Koolau rosette grassDichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill – broadleaf rosette grassDichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould – openflower rosette grass, soft-tufted panicgrassDichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann – Leiberg's rosette grassDichanthelium leucoblepharis (Trin.) Gould & C.A.Clark Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould – slimleaf rosette grass, linear-leaved panicgrassDichanthelium lucidum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium macrospermum Gould Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould – softleaf rosette grassDichanthelium mattamuskeetense (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium microcarpon (Muhl. ex Elliott) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium nitidum (Lam.) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium nodatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould – Sarita rosette grassDichanthelium nudicaule (Vasey) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin – naked-stemmed panicgrassDichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould – Heller's rosette grass, fewanther obscuregrass, few-flowered panicgrassDichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – eggleaf rosette grass, stiff-leaved panicgrassDichanthelium pantrichum (Hack.) Davidse Dichanthelium pedicellatum (Vasey) Gould – cedar rosette grass, corm-based panicgrassDichanthelium peristypum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann – long-stalked panicgrassDichanthelium petropolitanum (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. – many-flowered panicgrassDichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin – blunt-glumed panicgrassDichanthelium pycnoclados (Tutin) Davidse Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould – Ravenel's rosette grassDichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A.Clark – hemlock rosette grassDichanthelium scabriusculum (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark – woolly rosette grass, tall-swamp panicgrassDichanthelium sciurotis (Trin.) Davidse Dichanthelium sciurotoides (Zuloaga & Morrone) Davidse Dichanthelium scoparioides (Ashe) Mohlenbr. Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould – velvet panicumDichanthelium scribnerianum (Nash) Gould Dichanthelium sendulskyii (Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould – roundseed panicgrass, round-fruited panicgrassDichanthelium sphagnicola (Nash) LeBlond Dichanthelium stigmosum (Trin.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium stipiflorum (Renvoize) Zuloaga Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann – roughhair rosette grass, cushion-tuft panicgrassDichanthelium superatum (Hack.) Zuloaga Dichanthelium surrectum (Chase ex Zuloaga & Morrone) Zuloaga Dichanthelium telmatum (Swallen) Zuloaga Dichanthelium umbonulatum (Swallen) Davidse Dichanthelium viscidellum (Scribn.) Gould Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann – fall rosette grass, Wilcox's panicgrassDichanthelium xalapense Kunth Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann – slender rosette grass, pale panicgrassDichanthelium yadkinense (Ashe) Mohlenbr.
References
Dichanthelium Panicum subg. Dichanthelium
