Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Education in Tennessee

Education in Tennessee covers public and private schools and related organizations from the 18th century to the present.

State government operations are administered by the Tennessee Department of Education.[1] The state Board of Education has 11 members: one from each Congressional district, a student member, and the executive director of the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), who serves as ex-officio nonvoting member.[2]

History

Black schools

Protestant activists created the Western Freedmen's Aid Commission in Cincinnati in January 1863. Its goal was to set up schools for freed slaves in Union-controlled districts in the western states. It was most active in Tennessee, where, in 1865, its 123 white teachers provided manual and domestic training as well as academic instruction. There were 1949 students in Memphis and over 300 in Clarksville. Starting in 1865 the government's Freemen's Bureau provided the school buildings and the Commission provided the teachers, typically young women from the New England diaspora.[3]</ref>[4]

Public and private schools

Public primary and secondary education systems are operated by county, city, or special school districts to provide education at the local level, and operate under the direction of the Tennessee Department of Education.[1] The state also has many private schools.[5]

The state enrolls approximately 1 million K–12 students in 137 districts.[6] In 2021, the four-year high school graduation rate was 88.7%, a decrease of 1.2% from the previous year.[7] According to the most recent data, Tennessee spends $9,544 per student, the 8th lowest in the nation.[8]

Higher education

Main article: List of colleges and universities in Tennessee
Kirkland Hall at Vanderbilt University in Nashville
Vanderbilt University in Nashville is consistently ranked as one of the top research institutions in the nation

Public higher education is overseen by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), which provides guidance to the state's two public university systems. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma.[9] The Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR), also known as The College System of Tennessee, operates 13 community colleges and 27 campuses of the Tennessee Colleges of Applied Technology (TCAT).[10] Until 2017, the TBR also operated six public universities in the state; it now only gives them administrative support.[11]

In January 1952, the University of Tennessee was the first major southern university to admit blacks.[12]

In 2014, the Tennessee General Assembly created the Tennessee Promise, which allows in-state high school graduates to enroll in two-year post-secondary education programs such as associate degrees and certificates at community colleges and trade schools in Tennessee tuition-free, funded by the state lottery, if they meet certain requirements.[13] The Tennessee Promise was created as part of then-governor Bill Haslam's "Drive to 55" program, which set a goal of increasing the number of college-educated residents to at least 55% of the state's population.[13] The program has also received national attention, with multiple states having since created similar programs modeled on the Tennessee Promise.[14]

Tennessee has 107 private institutions.[15] Vanderbilt University in Nashville is consistently ranked as one of the nation's leading research institutions.[16] Nashville is often called the "Athens of the South" due to its many colleges and universities.[17] Tennessee is also home to six historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs).[18]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Lyons, Scheb, & Stair 2001, pp. 286–287.
  2. ^ "Governor Appointed State School Board Members Process Requirements - Statutes, Rules and Regulations" (PDF). ncsl.org. Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Legislatures. January 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  3. ^ William Preston Vaughn, Schools for All: The Blacks and Public Education in the South, 1865–1877 (1974), p. 4.
  4. ^ Alrutheus Ambush Taylor, The Negro in Tennessee, 1865-1880 (1941) pp. 168-170.
  5. ^ "Nonpublic Schools". tn.gov. Nashville: Tennessee Department of Education. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  6. ^ "Education Choices in Tennessee". tn.gov. Nashville: Tennessee Department of Education. Archived from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  7. ^ "TDOE Releases 2020-21 Graduation Rate Data" (Press release). Nashville: Tennessee Department of Education. November 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
  8. ^ Rau, Nate (March 25, 2021). "Education funding in TN reaches breaking point as BEP lawsuit advances". Tennessee Lookout. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  9. ^ "About the UT System". tennessee.edu. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee System.
  10. ^ "Our Institutions". tbr.edu. Nashville: Tennessee Board of Regents. May 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  11. ^ Roberts, Jane (June 9, 2016). "Haslam marks University of Memphis independence from Board of Regents". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  12. ^ Raffel, p. xxv.
  13. ^ a b Carruthers, Celeste (May 6, 2019). "5 things to know about the Tennessee Promise Scholarship". Brookings Institution. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  14. ^ Tamburin, Adam (February 9, 2017). "Tennessee Promise inspires national trend". The Tennessean. Nashville, TN. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  15. ^ "College Navigator - Search Results". nces.gov. National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved May 27, 2021.
  16. ^ "Vanderbilt University". Forbes. 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  17. ^ Kreyling, Christine M; Paine, Wesley; Warterfield, Charles W; Wiltshire, Susan Ford (1996). Classical Nashville: Athens of the South. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 0-585-13200-3.
  18. ^ "HBCU Schools in Tennessee - 2018 Ranking". hbcu-colleges.com. Retrieved May 27, 2021.

Further reading

  • Baker, A. Paige, and Dengke Xu. "The Measure of Education: A Review of the Tennessee Value Added Assessment System." (1995) online in ERIC.
  • Doak, H. M. "The Development of Education in Tennessee." The American Historical Magazine and Tennessee Historical Society Quarterly 8.1 (1903): 64-90; coverage to 1880. online
  • Goldhaber, Dan, and Karen Callahan. "Impact of the Basic Education Program on educational spending and equity in Tennessee." Journal of Education Finance 26.4 (2001): 415-435. [Goldhaber, Dan, and Karen Callahan. "Impact of the Basic Education Program on educational spending and equity in Tennessee." Journal of Education Finance 26.4 (2001): 415-435. online]
  • Israel, Charles Alan. Before scopes: evangelicalism, education, and evolution in Tennessee, 1870-1925 (University of Georgia Press, 2004) online.
  • Lyons, William; Scheb II, John M.; Stair, Billy (2001). Government and Politics in Tennessee. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 9781572331419 – via Google Books.
  • Merriam, Lucius Salisbury. Higher education in Tennessee (US Government Printing Office, 1893) online.
  • Rolle, Anthony, and Keke Liu. "An empirical analysis of horizontal and vertical equity in the public schools of Tennessee, 1994-2003." Journal of Education Finance (2007): 328-351. online
  • SAMPLES, RALPH EDWARD.  "THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN TENNESSEE DURING THE BOURBON ERA, 1870-1900" (PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1965. 6608205).
  • Williams, Frank B. “John Eaton, Jr., Editor, Politician, and School Administrator, 1865-1870.” Tennessee Historical Quarterly 10#4 (1951), pp. 291–319. online

Race

  • Fleming, Cynthia Griggs. "The development of Black Education in Tennessee, 1865-1920" (PhD dissertation, Duke University, 1977) online.
  • Fraser, Walter J. "John Eaton, Jr., Radical Republican: Champion of the Negro and Federal Aid to Education." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 25.3 (1966): 239+ online
  • Hodgson, Frank McGuire. "Northern Missionary Aid Societies, the Freedmen's Bureau, and Their Effects on Education in Montgomery County, Tennessee" West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 43 (1989): 28-43.
  • Hoffschwelle, Mary. "The Federal Connection: Impact Aid and Black Public Education in Milan, 1874–1975." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 75.1 (2016): 28-63. online
  • Kickler, Troy Lee, "Black Children and Northern Missionaries, Freedmen's Bureau Agents, and Southern Whites in Reconstruction Tennessee, 1865 -1869. " PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee, 2005) online
  • McGehee, C. Stuart. "E. 0. Tade, Freedmen's Education, and the Failure of Reconstruction in Tennessee." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 43 (1984): 378-380. online
  • Phillips, Paul David. "Education of Blacks in Tennessee During Reconstruction, 1865-1870." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 46.2 (1987): 98-109. online
  • Raffel, Jeffrey. Historical dictionary of school segregation and desegregation: The American experience (Greenwood, 1998) online
  • Ramsey, Sonya Yvette. "More than the three R's: The educational economic, and cultural experiences of African American female public school teachers in Nashville, Tennessee, 1869 to 1983" (PhD dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2000) online.
  • Savage, Carter Julian. "Cultural capital and African American agency: The economic struggle for effective education for African Americans in Franklin, Tennessee, 1890-1967." Journal of African American History 87.2 (2002): 206-235. online
  • Savage, Carter Julian. " 'Because We Did More With Less': The Agency of African American Teachers in Franklin, Tennessee: 1890-1967." Peabody Journal of Education 76.2 (2001): 170-203. online
  • Taylor, Alrutheus Ambush. The Negro in Tennessee, 1865-1880 (1941)
  • Smithwick, Brannon Marie. "Educating Generations: The Legacy and Future of the Allen-White School Campus, a Rosenwald School in Whiteville, Tennessee" (PhD dissertation, University of Southern California, 2023) online.
  • STITELY, THOMAS BEANE.   "BRIDGING THE GAP: A HISTORY OF THE ROSENWALD FUND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL NEGRO SCHOOLS IN TENNESSEE 1912-1932." (PhD dissertation, Peabody College for Teachers of Vanderbilt University) ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1975. 7522292).
  • Whipple, Lorena B., "African American Oral Histories of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Public Schools During the Early Days of Desegregation, 1955 – 1967. " (PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee, 2013) online

Primary sources

  • Eaton, John. First Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Tennessee, Ending Thursday, October 7th, 1869 (1869) online.
  • Graf, Leroy P. "Education in East Tennessee, 1867-1869, Selections from the John Eaton, Jr. Papers." East Tennessee Historical Society's Publications 23 (1951).
  • Swint, Henry Lee, ed. "Reports from Educational Agents of the Freedmen's Bureau in Tennessee, 1865- 1870." Tennessee Historical Quarterly 1#1 (1942): 52-80, 152-170.

External links
Read more information:

Gulat Yunani-Romawi

Gulat Yunani-Romawi Gulat Yunani-Romawi merupakan gaya gulat yang dipraktikkan di seluruh dunia. Olimpiade gulat Yunani-Romawi modern pertama kali diselenggarakan pada tahun 1896 dan telah dimasukkan dalam setiap edisi Olimpiade musim panas yang diadakan sejak tahun 1904.[1] Gaya gulat ini melarang para pegulatnya untuk memegang area di bawah pinggang. Pembatasan tersebut menghasilkan penekanan pada lemparan karena pegulat tidak diperbolehkan melakukan serangan untuk menjatuhkan lawan ke…

Catlins

Catlins Lokasi Catlins di Selandia Baru Pulau Selatan Lokasi Negara: Selandia Baru Pulau: Pulau Selatan Statistik Populasi: sekitar 1.200 (2001) Area: 1.900 km2 (730 sq mi) Lokasi Koordinat: 46°30′S 169°30′E / 46.500°S 169.500°E / -46.500; 169.500Koordinat: 46°30′S 169°30′E / 46.500°S 169.500°E / -46.500; 169.500Koordinat: 46°30′LU 169°30′BT / 46,5°LS 169,5°BT / -46.500; 169.500 Administrasi Daerah: Otago dan …

Black Mirror

Black MirrorBerkas:BlackMirrorTitleCard.jpgGenre Fiksi ilmiah Satire Cerita seru psikologis Antologi PembuatCharlie BrookerNegara asalBritania RayaBahasa asliInggrisJmlh. seri5Jmlh. episode22 (daftar episode)ProduksiProduser eksekutif Charlie Brooker Annabel Jones ProduserBarney ReiszDurasi41–89 menitRumah produksi Zeppotron (2011–2013) House of Tomorrow (2014–sekarang) DistributorEndemol Shine UKRilis asliJaringan Channel 4 (2011–2014) Netflix (2016–sekarang) Format gambar HDTV 1080i …

Gravity (album)

GravityAlbum studio karya Fly to the SkyDirilis8 November 2004GenreR&B, popLabelSM EntertainmentProduserLee Soo ManKronologi Fly to the Sky Missing You (2003)Missing You2003 Gravity(2004) Transition(2006)String Module Error: Match not found2006 Gravity adalah album studio kelima oleh duo R&B Korea Selatan, Fly to the Sky. Album ini adalah album terakhir yang dirilis mereka di bawah label SM Entertainment karena kontraknya telah habis setelah merilis album ini. Untuk pertama kalinya d…

Endang Taryo

Endang Taryo Waaspers KasalMasa jabatan25 Oktober 2021 – 17 Juli 2023 PendahuluRaden Anang Dwi KuncoroPenggantiDery Triesananto Suhendi Informasi pribadiLahir6 Juni 1967 (umur 56)IndonesiaAlma materAkademi Angkatan Laut (1990)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan LautMasa dinas1990—sekarangPangkat Mayor Jenderal TNI (Mar)NRP9898/PSatuanKorps MarinirSunting kotak info • L • B Mayor Jenderal TNI (Mar) Endang Taryo, S.E., M.Si., CHRMP. (lah…

David Davis (politikus)

David Davis David Michael Davis (lahir 23 Desember 1948) adalah seorang politikus Inggris dari Partai Konservatif yang pernah menjabat sebagai Menteri Brexit dari Juli 2016 hingga Juli 2018, dan ia mengabdi sebagai anggota parlemen dari daerah pilih Haltemprice dan Howden sejak tahun 1997. Ia sebelumnya juga sudah pernah terpilih menjadi anggota parlemen dari daerah pilih Boothferry pada tahun 1987 dan 1992. Pada Juli 2016, setelah hasil referendum menunjukkan bahwa kebanyakan pemilih di Britani…

Blastoise

BlastoiseNomor PokédexNasional #009 Sebelumnya Selanjutnya Wartortle (#008) Caterpie (#010) RegionalKanto#009Johto#239Hoenn#211Info produksiGenerasiI (Pertama) - 1996PerancangKen Sugimori Info Pokémon TipeairSpesiesPokémon cangkangKemampuanTorrent (Arus Deras) Rain Dish (Penadah Hujan) – tersembunyiTinggi1,6 m (63 in)Berat85,5 kg (188 pon)Rasio gender 87,5% jantan  •  12,5% betina Evolusi SquirtleWartortleBlastoise Na…

Холокост на Украине

Часть серии статей о Холокосте Идеология и политика Расовая гигиена · Расовый антисемитизм · Нацистская расовая политика · Нюрнбергские расовые законы Шоа Лагеря смерти Белжец · Дахау · Майданек · Малый Тростенец · Маутхаузен · …

Brian Ching

American soccer player Brian Ching Brian Ching speaks to the crowd at BBVA Compass Stadium in Houston in December 2013 after his testimonial matchPersonal informationFull name Brian Ching[1]Date of birth (1978-05-24) May 24, 1978 (age 45)[2][3]Place of birth Hale'iwa, Hawaii, United States[2][3]Height 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)[2][3]Position(s) Forward[2][3]Youth career1995–1996 Kamehameha Schools-Kapālama1996…

Actinopterygii

Ikan bersirip kipasRentang fosil: Silur Akhir - Sekarang PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Superkelas: Osteichthyes Kelas: ActinopterygiiKlein, 1885 Subkelas Actinopteri Cladistia Actinopterygii (/ˌæktɪnɒptəˈrɪdʒiaɪ/; dari actino-, berarti memiliki kipas, dan bahasa Yunani Kuno πτέρυξ (ptérux), berarti sayap, sirip), yang anggotanya disebut sebagai ikan bersirip kipas, adalah klad (secara tradisi diklasifikasikan…

Taekwondo pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional XIX – 73 kg putri

Taekwondo padaPekan Olahraga Nasional XIX Poomsae Putra Putri   Perorangan     Perorangan     Beregu Beregu Kyorugi Putra Putri   54 kg     46 kg     58 kg 49 kg 63 kg 53 kg 68 kg 57 kg 74 kg 62 kg 80 kg 67 kg 87 kg 73 kg +87 kg +73 kg Taekwondo 73 kg putri pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional XIX dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 september 2016 di Gymnasium FPOK, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat.[1] Jadwal Seluruh waktu…

مستشفى ابن سينا التخصصي (جنين)

مستشفى ابن سينا التخصصي (جنين)   إحداثيات 32°28′06″N 35°17′13″E / 32.4682675°N 35.2869312°E / 32.4682675; 35.2869312  معلومات عامة الدولة دولة فلسطين  سنة التأسيس 11 أكتوبر 2021  معلومات أخرى تعديل مصدري - تعديل   مستشفى ابن سينا التخصصي هو أحد مستشفيات شركة المجمع الطبي العربي ال…

Ischasia rufina

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Ischasia rufina Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Ischasia Spesies: Ischasia rufina Ischasia rufina adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang berasal dari famili Cerambycid…

F

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. F (значения). По техническим причинам F# перенаправляется сюда. О F# можно прочитать здесь: F Sharp. Символы со сходным начертанием: Ϝ · ϝ · Ғ · ғ · Բ · բ · ℱ · Ƒ ·  · 𐌅 · ᚨ Буква латин…

Mazmur 112

Mazmur 112Naskah Gulungan Mazmur 11Q5 di antara Naskah Laut Mati memuat salinan sejumlah besar mazmur Alkitab yang diperkirakan dibuat pada abad ke-2 SM.KitabKitab MazmurKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen19← Mazmur 111 Mazmur 113 → Mazmur 112 (disingkat Maz 112, Mzm 112 atau Mz 112; penomoran Septuaginta: Mazmur 111) adalah sebuah mazmur dalam bagian ke-5 Kitab Mazmur di Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama dalam Alkitab Kristen. Tidak dicatat…

Alejandro Arribas

Alejandro Arribas Arribas bermain untuk Rayo VallecanoInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Alejandro Arribas GarridoTanggal lahir 1 Mei 1989 (umur 34)Tempat lahir Madrid, SpainTinggi 1,82 m (6 ft 0 in)Posisi bermain Bek tengahInformasi klubKlub saat ini SevillaNomor 24Karier junior Rayo MajadahondaKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2007–2008 Rayo Majadahonda 2008–2010 Rayo B 47 (0)2009 → Navalcarnero (pinjam) 15 (1)2010–2012 Rayo Vallecano 74 (2)2012–2014 Osasuna 70 (3)20…

الدوري السوري الممتاز 2017–18

الدوري السوري الممتاز 2017–18 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري السوري الممتاز  النسخة 47  البلد سوريا  البطل نادي الوثبة السوري  الهابطون نادي الجهاد،  ونادي المحافظة  مباريات ملعوبة 182   عدد المشاركين 14   الدوري السوري الممتاز 2016–17  الدوري السوري الممتاز 2018–19  تع…

العلاقات البرازيلية الزيمبابوية

العلاقات البرازيلية الزيمبابوية البرازيل زيمبابوي   البرازيل   زيمبابوي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البرازيلية الزيمبابوية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين البرازيل وزيمبابوي.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدو…

Billy Syahputra

Billy SyahputraBilly di acara Ini Sahur pada tahun 2017LahirJhoni Roma Billy Iskandar16 Januari 1991 (umur 33)Jakarta, IndonesiaNama lainBilly SyahputraTahun aktif2012—sekarang Jhoni Rhoma Billy Iskandar, dikenal secara profesional sebagai Billy Syahputra (lahir 16 Januari 1991), adalah seorang aktor, penyanyi, presenter, dan komedian Indonesia. Ia merupakan adik kandung dari almarhum Olga Syahputra.[1][2][3] Karier Karier Billy di dunia hiburan dimulai s…

MRT Circle Line

3rd MRT in Malaysia This article is about the rapid transit system in Malaysia. For the line in Singapore, see Circle MRT line. For other similarly named rapid transit systems in other cities, see Circle Line. MRT Circle Line13OverviewNative nameMRT Laluan LingkaranStatusPlannedOwnerMRT CorpLine number13LocaleKlang ValleyTermini CC01  Bukit Kiara Selatan CC31  UMStations31 + 2 provisionalWebsitemymrt.com.myServiceTypeRapid transitSystem Rapid KLServicesCircle routeOperator(s)…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya