Eric Heiden

Eric Heiden
	Heiden in March 2007
Personal information
Birth name	Eric Arthur Heiden
Born	June 14, 1958 (age 66); Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
Education	Stanford University (BS, MD)
Height	6 ft 0+1⁄2 in (184 cm)
Weight	185 lb (84 kg)
Sport
Country	USA
Sport	Speed skating
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)	500 m: 37.63 (1980); 1000 m: 1:13.60 (1980); 1500 m: 1:54.79 (1980); 3000 m: 4:06.47 (1980); 5000 m: 6:59.15 (1979); 10 000 m: 14:28.13 (1980)
Medal record
Men's speed skating
Representing the United States
Olympic Games
World Allround Championships
World Sprint Championships

Eric Arthur Heiden (born June 14, 1958) is an American physician and a former long track speed skater, road cyclist and track cyclist. He won an unprecedented five individual gold medals, and set four Olympic records and one world record at the 1980 Winter Olympic Games. Heiden was the most successful athlete at those Olympic Games, single-handedly winning more gold medals than all nations except for the Soviet Union (10) and East Germany (9).^[2] He is the most successful Winter Olympian from a single edition of any Winter Olympics. He delivered the Athlete's Oath at those same 1980 Games. His coach was Dianne Holum.^[3]

Heiden is an icon in the speed skating community. His victories are significant, as few speed skaters (and athletes in general) have won competitions in both sprint and long-distance events. Heiden is the only athlete in the history of speed skating to have won all five events in a single Olympic tournament and the only one to have won a gold medal in all events. He is considered by some to be the best overall speed skater (short and long distances) in the sport's history. Heiden ranked No. 46 in ESPN's SportsCentury 50 Greatest Athletes of the 20th Century in 1999, the only speed skater to make the list. In 2000, a Dutch newspaper called him the greatest skater ever.^[4]

Early life, education and family

Heiden was born in Madison, Wisconsin on June 14, 1958. His father, Jack Heiden, was a longtime orthopedic surgeon in Madison. His sister, Beth Heiden, also became an accomplished cyclist, speed skater and cross-country skier. In their hometown Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin (a suburb of Madison), Eric and his sister Beth were the driving forces behind the creation of the Heiden Haus, a small outpost where local children can warm up after skating or playing hockey on the ice rink (complete with underground clay platform).^[5]^[6] He graduated from Madison West High School in 1976.^[7]

After starting his undergraduate education at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Heiden transferred to the University of California, San Diego and then to Stanford University in California,^[8] earning a B.S. degree in 1984 and an M.D. degree in 1991.^[9]^[10]

Athletic career

Speed skating

Heiden won the World Junior Speed Skating Championships in 1977 and 1978. During his short speed skating career, Heiden won three World Allround Championships and four World Sprint Championships, becoming the youngest athlete to do so. Three times he broke the world record in the 1000 metres, twice in the 3000 metres, and once each in the 1500 metres and 10000 metres. He also broke the points world record in both allround and the sprinting distances.

Heiden finished his speed skating career by finishing second behind Hilbert van der Duim at the 1980 World Allround Championships in Heerenveen. He stood at the top of the Adelskalender, a ranking system for long-track speed skating, for a record 1,495 days,^[1] and he won the Oscar Mathisen Award four times in a row from 1977 until 1980. As of 2024, he still is the only skater who has won the award four times.^[1]

He received the 1980 James E. Sullivan Award as the top amateur athlete in the United States. In 1983, he was inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame.

Heiden was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1990.

World records

Over the course of Heiden's career he skated 15 world records:

Discipline	Time	Date	Location
1500 m junior	2.02,75	January 18, 1976	Madonna di Campiglio
5000 m junior	7.30,23	February 20, 1977	Inzell
1500 m junior	1.59,46	February 20, 1977	Inzell
Allround junior	168.716	February 19–20, 1977	Inzell
3000 m junior	4.16,2	February 4, 1977	Montreal
Allround junior	166.584	February 4–5, 1977	Montreal
5000 m junior	7.23,54	February 5, 1978	Montreal
3000 m	4.07,01	March 2, 1978	Inzell
1000 m	1.14,99	March 12, 1978	Savalen
Big combination	162.973	February 11, 1979	Oslo
1000 m	1.14,99	February 17, 1979	Inzell
3000 m	4.06,91	March 18, 1979	Savalen
1000 m	1.13,60	January 13, 1980	Davos
Sprint combination	150.250	January 13, 1980	Davos
1500 m	1.54,79	January 19, 1980	Davos
10000 m	14.28,13	February 23, 1980	Lake Placid

^[11]

Cycling

After his speed-skating career Heiden became a professional cyclist.

Track cycling

As a track cyclist Heiden competed at the 1981 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Brno, but was not successful. He finished 19th and last in the men's individual pursuit event.

Road bicycle racing

Heiden became a professional racing cyclist. He was one of the first cross-over athletes, becoming a founding member of the 7-Eleven Cycling Team. Together with his former speed skating coach (and ex-bike racer), Jim Ochowicz, he conceived of the idea of a European-style sponsored team for North American riders^[12] Heiden won a few American professional races. He finished the 1985 Giro d'Italia and took part in the 1986 Tour de France, although he did not complete the race, crashing on a downhill stretch and suffering a concussion five days from the finish.^[1]

Heiden is believed to have recorded one of the fastest times at 14:10 (1986 or 1987) on one of the local benchmark climbs in Woodside, California: Old La Honda Road.^[13] In 1985, Heiden won the first U.S. Professional Cycling Championship, becoming the American road race champion.

In 1999, Heiden was inducted into the United States Bicycling Hall of Fame.

Medical career

Heiden completed medical school at Stanford University in 1991, and orthopedic residency training at University of California, Davis, in 1996, then spent a year at a sports medicine clinic in Birmingham, Alabama. He returned to California to practice as an orthopedic surgeon in Sacramento. At that time, he also served as team physician for the NBA's Sacramento Kings and the Sacramento Monarchs of the WNBA. In 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014^[14] he was team physician for the U.S. Olympic speed skating team. He opened a sports medicine-based practice at The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) in Murray, Utah and expanded Heiden Orthopaedics with an additional office in Park City, Utah.

In 2008, Heiden and Massimo Testa published Faster, Better, Stronger, a book about exercise science and exercise programs.^[1]

In 2009, Heiden was one of the team of doctors assisting U.S. speed skater J.R. Celski as the latter recovered from a very bad speed skating crash during the U.S. Olympic trials. Despite cutting himself to the bone and requiring 60 stitches, Celski was able to recover in time for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, where he won the bronze medal in both men's 1500 m and 5000 m relay.^[15]

Personal life

Heiden met fellow medical student Karen Drews while the two were studying at Stanford, and they married in 1995. Karen is a hand surgeon. They have a daughter, Zoe, born in 2001.^[16]

Heiden was offered many sponsorship opportunities after his record-setting performance in the 1980 Winter Olympics, but turned down most of them, saying he had enough money, and preferred the anonymity.^[16]

A number of American former gold medal winners, including Heiden, were asked to participate in the ceremonies for the 2002 Winter Olympics held in Salt Lake City, Utah, but Heiden declined after he was passed over for the honor of lighting the Olympic torch. The 1980 U.S. Hockey Team, which won the gold medal at the 1980 games, was given the honor instead. Heiden said in 2009: "I was probably just too stubborn. I figured if they don't appreciate what I did as a skater, if they don't appreciate now what I am doing as a human being, I'd just as soon hang out with my buddies and watch it. I did not mean to slight the Olympic hockey team in any way."^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Eric Heiden". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on January 7, 2018.
^ Aquitania, Ray E. (2010). Jock-Docs: World-Class Athletes Wearing White Coats. Booklocker.com, Incorporated. ISBN 9781609106126.
^ "Eric Heiden". Team USA. Archived from the original on February 13, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
^ Woldendorp, Johan (February 4, 2000). "Vrouwen snellen Heiden nu voorbij". Trouw (in Dutch). Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
^ Garcia, Jessie (June 30, 2016). Going for Wisconsin Gold: Stories of Our State Olympians. Wisconsin Historical Society. ISBN 9780870207662.
^ "Village Heritage". Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
^ Ivey, Mike (February 19, 2014). "Hometown hero Eric Heiden still makes his Olympic presence felt". The Capital Times.
^ Kosciolek, Jim (July 22, 1981). "Heiden nixed dash for cash". Syracuse Herald-Journal. p. C-1.
^ Eric Heiden: five Olympic gold medals were only the start of his success - website of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum
^ Eric Heiden, M.D.: Orthopedic Knee and Shoulder Surgeon - website of Heiden Orthopedics
^ "Eric Heiden". SpeedSkatingStats.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
^ http://www.velonews.com.506 ^{[dead link]}
^ Training World-class Racers And Weekend Warriors Archived March 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. BikeRadar (2008-09-20). Retrieved on 2012-11-18.
^ Rebate wars Archived January 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Findarticles.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-18.
^ J.R. Celski Archived December 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. sports-reference.com
^ ^a ^b Graham, Tom (September 22, 2002). "Eric Heiden, Olympic gold medalist / From skates to scalpel / Five-time gold medalist says career in medicine is his greatest achievement". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
^ Longman, Jere (September 30, 2009). "Former Speedskating Champion Heiden Is Staying Close to the Ice". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.

External links

Eric Heiden at the International Skating Union
Eric Heiden at SpeedSkatingStats.com
Eric Heiden at the Team USA Hall of Fame
Eric Heiden at Team USA (archived June 14, 2021)
Eric Heiden at Olympics.com
Eric Heiden at Olympic.org (archived)
Eric Heiden at Olympedia
"Eric Heiden's U.S. Olympic Team bio ... notes, quotes, photos". usolympicteam.com. Archived from the original on October 15, 2004. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"Eric Heiden interview on 25th anniversary of Olympic heroics". usolympicteam.com. Archived from the original on February 18, 2005. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"IOC 1980 Winter Olympics". olympic.org. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"Current skaters comment on Heiden's legacy". usolympicteam.com. Archived from the original on February 25, 2005. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"Race-by-race analysis by Heiden". usolympicteam.com. Archived from the original on February 25, 2005. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"Scientific approach to find the best skater of all times, University of Groningen, The Netherlands (Dutch)". teamsupportsystems.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"Book Review of Faster, Better, Stronger at Letters on Pages". lettersonpages.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
"PB's and link Results International Championships Eric Heiden at Speedskatingbase.eu". Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved August 7, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Sten Stensen	Oscar Mathisen Award 1977–1980	Succeeded by Amund Sjøbrend
Preceded by Sebastian Coe	United Press International Athlete of the Year 1980	Succeeded by Sebastian Coe
Preceded by Kurt Thomas	James E. Sullivan Award 1980	Succeeded by Carl Lewis