Fremont Bridge (Portland, Oregon)

Fremont Bridge
Fremont Bridge
Coordinates	45°32′16″N 122°40′57″W / 45.5377083°N 122.6825027°W
Carries	Four lanes, two decks; I-405 / US 30
Crosses	Willamette River and surface streets
Locale	Portland, Oregon
Official name	Fremont Bridge
Maintained by	Oregon Department of Transportation
ID number	02529
Characteristics
Design	Tied-arch bridge
Total length	2,154 feet (657 m)
Height	381 feet (116 m)
Longest span	1,255 feet (383 m); longest in Oregon
Clearance above	18.3 feet (5.6 m)
Clearance below	175 feet (53 m)
History
Opened	November 15, 1973
Location

The Fremont Bridge is a steel tied-arch bridge over the Willamette River located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It carries Interstate 405 and US 30 traffic between downtown and North Portland where it intersects with Interstate 5. It has the longest main span of any bridge in Oregon and is the second longest tied-arch bridge in the world (after Caiyuanba Bridge across the Yangtze River, China).^[2] The bridge was designed by Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas, and built by Murphy Pacific Corporation.^[3]

The bridge has two decks carrying vehicular traffic, each with four lanes. The upper deck is signed westbound on US 30 and southbound on I-405. The lower deck is signed eastbound on US 30 and northbound on I-405.

Design and construction

Due to the public's dissatisfaction with the appearance of the Marquam Bridge, the Portland Art Commission was invited to participate in the design process of the Fremont. The improvement in visual quality resulted in a bridge that was nearly six times as expensive as the purposely economical Marquam Bridge. Designers modeled the bridge after the original 1964 Port Mann Bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia.

The steel tie-girder (I-beam) is 18 feet (5.5 m) tall and 50 inches (130 cm) wide. On October 28, 1971, while still under construction, a six-foot-long (1.8 m) crack was found on the west span of this girder that required a $5.5 million redesign and repair. The ramps and approaches are steel box girders. If the lanes of the bridge were placed end-to-end, there are 3.27 lane-miles (5.26 lane-km) on the arch bridge and 14.12 lane-miles (22.72 lane-km) on the ramps and approaches.^[3]

The center span of the bridge, where the rib of the arch is above the deck, is 902 feet (275 m) long.^[3] It was fabricated in California then assembled at Swan Island Industrial Park, 1.7 miles (2.7 km) downstream.^[2] After assembly it was floated on a barge the 1.7-mile (2.7 km) trip to the construction site.^[3] On March 16, 1973, the 6,000 short tons (5,400 t) steel arch span was lifted 170 ft (52 m) using 32 hydraulic jacks. At the time, it was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the heaviest lift ever completed.^[4]

The bridge was opened on November 15, 1973,^[1]^[2] at a final cost of $82 million (equivalent to $617 million in 2023),^[2] most of which was financed by the Federal Highway Administration. In 1976, an American flag and an Oregon flag were added atop the structure as part of the bicentennial celebration for the United States.^[5] The flags were installed with the use of a helicopter.^[3] The 15-by-25-foot (4.6 m × 7.6 m) flags are attached to 50-foot (15 m) tall flagpoles at the crest of the arches.^[5]

Falcon nest

The Fremont Bridge was also the 26th Peregrine falcon nest site designated in Oregon in 1995 after the raptor was placed on the U.S. Threatened and Endangered Species list in 1970.^[6]

The raptor has since been removed from the list and is now listed as least concern.^[7]

Etymology

The bridge as well as Portland's associated Fremont Street were named for John C. Fremont (1813–1890). Fremont was an early explorer of the Oregon Country. He served in the United States Army at the time as a Captain and was later promoted to General. In 1856, he ran for president, but was defeated by James Buchanan.^[8]

Gallery

Fremont Bridge and the skyline of Portland c. 1988

From the east end

Annual Bridge Pedal on the top deck of the Fremont Bridge

An Amtrak train passing beneath the Fremont Bridge

The Fremont Bridge from the University of Portland

Looking west at the Fremont Bridge during sunset

References

^ ^a ^b "Fremont Bridge opens with wheeze". The Oregonian. November 16, 1973. p. 22.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wood, Sharon; Wortman, Ed (2006). The Portland Bridge Book (3rd ed.). Urban Adventure Press. pp. 23–30. ISBN 0-9787365-1-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bottenberg, Ray (2007). Bridges of Portland. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 105–116. ISBN 9780738548760.
^ Smith, Dwight A.; Norman, James B.; Dykman, Pieter T. (1989). Historic Highway Bridges of Oregon. Oregon Historical Society Press. p. 300. ISBN 0-87595-205-4.
^ ^a ^b "News Q&A". The Oregonian. May 1, 2005.
^ "Fremont Bridge Peregrines: A Decade of Successful Nesting". Audubon Society of Portland. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ "Peregrine falcon". United States National Park Service. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
^ Snyder, Eugene E. (1979). Portland Names and Neighborhoods: Their Historic Origin. Portland: Binford & Mort. p. 133.